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PubMedDate not supplied

[Vasectomy in Quebec: 1977-1997].

Vasectomy is recognized as an efficient method of contraception. However, some recent findings have suggested that vasectomy may raise a potential health risk, notably related to prostate cancer. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the spatial and temporal evolution of this surgical practice in Québec (Canada). Using the registry of the Régie de l'assurance-maladie du Québec, we describe the course of vasectomy practice during the past 21 years. We also estimate the frequency of vasectomy procedures on the regional scale. Observed and expected rates of vasectomy and a synthetic index of vasectomy allow us to evaluate its spatial and temporal evolution. The results show a similar annual growth rate of this practice during the last 10 years. The mean age at the time of vasectomy of the study subjects (N = 332,000) is 35 years old. However recently, this mean age seems to be more representative because of the lower proportions of younger (< 25 years old) and older (> 50 years old) patients at the time of vasectomy. In addition, we observe some clear differences concerning the vasectomy rates between specific geographical sectors; the rates being significantly lower (p < 0.01) in urban and some rural areas. The highest rates are found in the suburbs of Montréal and Québec City. There are also some local variations of the practice, which are difficult to interpret. In this article, we compare our results to those for the rest of Canada and the United States. We note that the rates are generally similar to those for the Province of Québec. Besides, we discuss about the reasons for strong spatial variations of the surgery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological study of a tuberculosis case in a large manufacturing enterprise in Quebec].

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of tuberculosis infection related to a case of pulmonary and laryngeal tuberculosis in a workplace and to study PPD predictors. METHODS: The Mantoux skin test (PPD) was offered to all potentially infected contacts. Participants were asked to answer a questionnaire. RESULTS: Among 112 exposed employees, 92 (82.1%) were tested. At the 5 mm level, 65.2% of employees had positive tuberculin skin test (PPD). By controlling prior BCG and the degree of exposure, it showed a positive association between age and PPD (RC: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.25-10.03). When age and BCG were controlled, high exposure was statistically associated with PPD results (RC: 5.6; 95% CI: 1.25-24.68). CONCLUSION: The observed prevalence rate is probably related to the fact that the index case was very infectious and had contact in an enclosed area over a long period of time before withdrawal from work.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation of ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from turkeys in Quebec, Canada.

In the spring of 1997, three large white hybrid turkey layer flocks of 52 wk of age experienced a severe respiratory condition. During the outbreak, the turkeys showed respiratory signs, an increased mortality rate, and an important drop in egg production. Macroscopic and histopathologic examinations were carried out on several carcasses, as well as bacteriologic analyses on different tissues. Colonies of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (OR) were detected after 24 hr of incubation, and the isolate appeared to be serotype A. The identification of the species was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins. Since 1993, several cases of OR infection have been diagnosed in the United States and more recently in Canada. Monitoring of this emerging infection is recommended.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Study of the incidence of giardiasis in Quebec (Canada) and association with drinking water source and quality].

BACKGROUND: We analyzed data from the notifiable diseases data base in Québec to document the incidence of giardiasis. The objectives were to perform a descriptive analysis of the cases of giardiasis and to verify the relation between their incidence and the quality of drinking water. METHODS: The Québec notifiable diseases data-base contained 4273 cases of giardiasis declared between January 1st, 1990 and December 31st, 1995. Incidence rates were adjusted for age and calculated monthly. The sources and kinds of treatment of drinking water permitted to elaborate a vulnerability scale for classifying contamination by Giardia sp. into four categories. Incidence of giardiasis was examined in relation with this vulnerability scale. Other socioeconomic indicators possibly associated with the incidence of giardiasis were also analyzed. RESULTS: Analysis showed that there were few annual variations in the incidence of giardiasis and that there were no epidemic peaks during the study period. According to age, the incidence follows a bimodal pattern with a peak for young children and young adults. The incidence rates showed an increase of the cases at the end of summer and at the beginning of fall, with a higher relative risk for males. Even if no relation was found between the incidence of giardiasis and the vulnerability of the drinking water source, incidence rates were lower for people living in communities that use the St. Lawrence River as a drinking water source than for those using other sources of surface water. CONCLUSION: This study allowed us to obtain a good description of the cases of giardiasis declared in Québec and to formulate hypothesis about their causes. The lower incidence of giardiasis in communities that use the St. Lawrence river as their drinking water source is possibly related to a lower contamination of this source. However, considering the limits of this work, case-control studies should be considered to understand variables, which influence the incidence of giardiasis in Québec.

Adolescent↗