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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Endotoxic activities of lipopolysaccharides of microorganisms isolated from an infected root canal in Macaca cynomolgus.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) prepared from a strain of Bacteroides oralis, a strain of Fusobacterium necrophorum, and a strain of F. nucleatum, all isolated from an infected root canal in monkey (Macaca cynomolgus), were examined for endotoxic activities using primary skin reactions in rabbits and induction of leukocyte chemotaxis in rats. LPS of B. oralis showed considerably lower ability to cause skin inflammation than LPS of the fusobacteria. However, the leukotactic effect of the LPS preparations as determined by the wound chamber method in rats was approximately of the same proportion. In both tests the reactions were compared with those of commercial LPS of Salmonella typhi. This study shows that endotoxic LPS can be isolated from oral Gram-negative bacteria, which have infected the root canal. Therefore LPS may play a role in the development and maintenance of chronic inflammation of the periapical tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Bacteria in experimentally infected cavity preparations.

The presence of bacteria on cavity walls was assessed histologically following experimental infection by inserting soft carious human dentin or guttapercha temporary filings in 40 monkey teeth. Eighty-five infected cavities which had been restored using zinc oxide-eugenol cement (34 teeth), Ca(OH)2 (39 teeth) or amalgam (12 teeth) were also evaluated. Bacteria could regularly be demonstrated in cavities where soft carious human dentin had remained in the cavities for 82 d, but not, or only very rarely, in any of the other series. It was concluded that vital dentin has considerable resistance against infection and that cavity sterilization appears to be of questionable value.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Pulp condition of successfully formocresol-treated primary molars.

The aim of the study was to assess the state of the pulp of primary teeth successfully treated by formocresol pulpotomy. Nineteen teeth, all of them with clinically and radiographically successful treatments, were extracted 3-24 months after treatment. The pulpal condition had changed in all the teeth. Inflammatory reaction or necrosis was observed in all teeth. Dentinal resorption followed by apposition of hard tissue were common findings. In the teeth with vital tissue only in the apical area, the tissue had minor or no signs of inflammation. Microorganisms could be demonstrated in the necrotic tissue in one tooth. The wide range of pulpal conditions observed indicated that there was no typical tissue reaction to formocresol even though treatment was clinically successful. The present study confirms that the formocresol method should be regarded only as a means to keep primary teeth with pulp exposures functioning for a limited period of time.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Pulpal response to dental amalgams.

The pulpal reactions to amalgams with relatively high Cu content were compared with a conventional amalgam placed in unlined cavities prepared in intact monkey teeth. After a 1-week observation period the pulpal responses from one of the Cu-containing amalgams and the conventional amalgam were of the same magnitude, whereas the two other amalgams gave more pronounced reactions. After observation periods of 1 and 2 months only one of the amalgams with high Cu content caused more pronounced reactions than the conventional amalgam.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Reactions of the dental pulp to microbial provocation of calcium hydroxide treated dentin.

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether treatment of dentin with calcium hydroxide reduces pulp irritation caused by microbial products. The experiment was carried out in three young monkeys. Cavities were prepared on the buccal tooth surface deep into dentin of 62 teeth. Calcium hydroxyde mixed with distilled water was placed in one group of cavities. A set of control cavities received treatment with saline soaked filter-paper discs. The calcium hydroxide dressing and the saline discs were separated from the oral cavity for a period of 14 or 60 d by a Teflon disc and a layer of zinc oxide-eugenol cement. At the end of these periods the content of each cavity was removed and substituted by lyophilized material from cultivated plaque bacteria. After 3 d of exposure the monkeys were killed and the teeth subjected to histologic treatment. Assessments made in the light microscope revealed that pulps subjacent to calcium hydroxide-treated dentin in the majority of cases showed no or only slight infiltrates of inflammatory cells. In controls, 13 out of 22 pulps showed severe inflammatory cell infiltrates or total pulp tissue necrosis. It was concluded that treatment of dentin with calcium hydroxide may reduce the possibility for bacterial components to cause pulp tissue damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Migration of leukocytes in dental pulp in response to plaque bacteria.

Cell material from three different dental plaque bacteria (Actinomyces viscosus, Streptococcus mitis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) were studied for their capacity to induce leukocyte migration in the dental pulp of monkeys. Altogether five animals were used to provide 123 teeth for the study. The bacterial test materials were prepared from lyophilized sonicates of pure cultures of respective bacteria mixed with crystalline bovine serum albumin (BSA) 1:1 by weight. Immediately prior to use in the experiment saline was added to render the test material into a paste-like consistency. Buccal Class V cavities were prepared in the monkey teeth leaving a thin remaining wall to the pulp. In these cavities, the test materials were enclosed for a period of 8 h. A set of control cavities received BSA alone. Placement of test and control materials were made before and after depleting the animals of serum complement by repeated injections of Cobra Venom Factor. Histologic examination of pulp tissue specimens showed that materials from two of the bacterial species (A. viscosus, Act. actinomycetemcomitans) consistently induced infiltrations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in one to several cell layers underneath the test cavity. The material from S. mitis seemed less potent and in 11 of 22 teeth no pulpal reaction was recorded. Inactivation of complement with Cobra Venom Factor did not appear to affect the severity of the pulpal responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Monkey pulp reactions to cavities treated with Gluma Dentin Bond and restored with a microfilled composite.

Deep buccal cavities were cut in 72 incisors and canines in six young monkeys. The cavities were restored as follows: Group One: acid etching of the enamel followed by an intermediate layer of unfilled resin and a light-cured microfilled composite. Group Two: acid etching of the enamel followed by treatment of the dentin with Gluma Cleanser and Gluma Bond. The cavities were restored as in Group One. Group Three: same procedure as in Group Two except for application of a calcium hydroxide cement on the pulpal wall prior to acid etching. Pulp reactions, presence and location of bacteria were studied after 8 and 90 days. A significant association between presence of bacteria and moderate to severe inflammatory reactions were observed. Bacteria were only found in a very few cavities pretreated with Gluma Dentin Bond. In general, slight inflammatory changes prevailed in Groups Two and Three. When the pulpal wall was extremely thin a toxic effect of Gluma Dentin Bond was observed.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1997

Pulp calcifications in traumatized primary incisors. A morphological and inductive analysis study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate histopathological changes in primary teeth following trauma, and to look for possible correlations between the morphology of pulpal calcification and clinical findings. The material consisted of 123 primary teeth from 98 Danish children aged 9-108 months (mean age 33.5 +/- 19.7 months) at the time of injury. The specimens were analyzed by means of light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Data from the clinical investigation and from predetermined ranked parameters from the histological analysis were processed in a computerized inductive analysis program. The results, describing patterns of co-variation, are presented as a decision tree. The most common diagnosis was intrusion luxation (54%). In 41% of all teeth, the degree of obliteration was less than 1/4 of the pulpal lumen. In most cases (79%), no denticles were visible. When present, 80% of the denticles had a bone-like appearance. Tissues occluding the pulpal lumen were either dentin-like (49%), bone-like (19%), or fibrotic (9%). It could be concluded that these varying responses could not be correlated with explicit clinical diagnoses. However, in certain combinations, histological parameters could be correlated to clinical findings.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed2005

Analysis of gene and protein expression in healthy and carious tooth pulp with cDNA microarray and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

Complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray and two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis, combined with mass spectrometry, enable simultaneous analysis of expression patterns of thousands of genes, but their use in pulp biology has been limited. Here we compared gene and protein expression of pulp tissues from sound and carious human teeth using cDNA microarray and 2-D gel electrophoresis to evaluate their usefulness in pulp biology research and to identify the genes with changes in carious teeth. The cDNA microarray revealed several differentially expressed genes and genes with a high expression in both tissues. These genes have various functions, e.g. effects on vascular and nerve structures, inflammation, and cell differentiation. Variability between cDNA hybridizations indicates that the overall gene expression pattern may vary significantly between individual teeth. The 2-D gel electrophoresis revealed no change between healthy and diseased tissue. The identification of 96 proteins in the pulp tissue revealed none of the gene products with corresponding high/different mRNA expression in cDNA microarray. Interestingly, we detected also a hypothetical protein (putative nucleoside diphosphate kinase), and present therefore the first evidence for the existence of this protein. Even though the methods reveal potentially important gene expression, they may currently have only limited value in in vivo pulp biology research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Epstein-Barr virus in oral diseases.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a B-lymphotropic gamma-herpesvirus, causes infectious mononucleosis and oral hairy leukoplakia, and is associated with various types of lymphoid and epithelial malignancies. Saliva is the main vehicle for EBV transmission from individual to individual. Recent studies have also implicated EBV in the pathogenesis of advanced types of periodontal disease. EBV DNA is detected in 60-80% of aggressive periodontitis lesions and in 15-20% of gingivitis lesions or normal periodontal sites. The periodontal presence of EBV is associated with an elevated occurrence of periodontopathic anaerobic bacteria. Moreover, EBV active infection occurs in approximately 70% of symptomatic and large-size periapical lesions. EBV and cytomegalovirus often co-exist in marginal and apical periodontitis. Periodontal therapy can markedly suppress the EBV load in periodontal pockets as well as in saliva, which has the potential to reduce the risk of viral transmission between close individuals. EBV proteins up-regulate cytokines and growth factors, which seem to play a central role in the proliferative response of tongue epithelial cells in oral hairy leukoplakia and in the cell-transformation process of EBV-associated malignancies. Further research is needed to identify the full range of EBV-related diseases in the human oral cavity.

Cell Transformation, Viral↗