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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from Manchester Royal Infirmary. Lignocaine premedication before rapid sequence induction in head injuries.

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether pretreatment with lignocaine (lidocaine) reduces the rise in intracranial pressure associated with intubation of head injured patients. Altogether 85 papers were found using the reported search, of which three presented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results, and study weaknesses of these best papers are tabulated. A clinical bottom line is stated.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1975

The effects of premedication drugs on the lower oesophageal high pressure zone and reflux status of rhesus monkeys and man.

Thirty-five human volunteers and eight Rhesus monkeys were studied with standard gastrooesophageal manometric techniqes and their reflux status was evaluated witha pH probe placed in the lower oesophagus. morphine sulphate, pethidine hydrochloride, or idazepam was given intravenously until drowsiness was induced. The manometric and pH studies were repeated. All three drugs decreased the lower oesophageal high pressure zone and increased the probability of relux in both monkeys and man. Thes findings are relevant in the preparation of patients for surgery since gastrooesophageal reflux and pulmonary aspiration may be a problen in the pre-and postoperative phases.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Use of low-osmolar agents and premedication to reduce the frequency of adverse reactions to radiographic contrast media: a survey of the Society of Uroradiology.

PURPOSE: To assess the decisions made by uroradiologists regarding choice of type of intravenous contrast material (low-osmolar contrast media [LOCM] vs conventional ionic agents) and frequency of use of corticosteroid prophylaxis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to 158 members of the Society of Uroradiology. There were 108 responses received, yielding a response rate of 68%. Results from 76 represented institutions were tabulated. RESULTS: Most respondents practice at institutions in which LOCM are used selectively rather than universally. Corticosteroid prophylaxis in patients at risk is used with similar frequency at both types of institutions. There is considerable diversity in pretreatment regimens (ie, type and dose of corticosteroid used). Although antihistamines are used by many uroradiologists (almost always in conjunction with corticosteroids), H2 receptor antagonists are used at only a few institutions. CONCLUSION: At institutions in which LOCM are used selectively, the majority of respondents use LOCM quite liberally, with most choosing these agents in patients at risk. Corticosteroid prophylaxis is widely used by respondents. There is much variation in the type of pretreatment regimen and its use in specific clinical settings.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Absence of nimodipine premedication effect on memory after electroconvulsive therapy.

While highly efficacious for affective disorders, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is sometimes accompanied by troublesome although temporary cognitive dysfunction. We speculated that the efficacy of ECT can be separated from its cognitive dysfunction by administration of nimodipine, a calcium channel blocker that crosses the blood-brain barrier and has prevented electroshock-induced amnesia in animal studies. However, in our single-blind repeated-measures trial on 8 patients, nimodipine 30-60 mg orally 2 h prior to ECT was indistinguishable from placebo in effects on verbal learning and retrograde and anterograde memory during the 2 h after ECT.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Day/night variations of airway reactivity after drug premedication.

Seventeen asthmatic, non-atopic patients (aged 15-48 years) were studied at different hours of the day. On 3 different days, they were submitted to a fog-test at 03:00 p.m. and at 03:00 a.m. On 2 different days, they were given fenoterol (200 micrograms) or Duovent (fenoterol 200 micrograms plus ipratropium bromide 80 micrograms). We were able to demonstrate significant inter-hour differences of the basal values of all parameters, except FVC, in all patients at 03:00 p.m. and at 03:00 a.m. We did not observe any inter-hour difference after the fog-test. Both fenoterol and Duovent improved challenge-induced bronchoconstriction. After the fog-test, both drugs showed an inter-hour variability of ventilatory parameters, which was not significant without drugs because it was masked by the magnitude of the obstructive response to challenge.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Value of premedication with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists before transcervical resection of solitary submucous myoma].

In a retrospective study, the value of pretreatment with a gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (GnRH) agonist before hysteroscopic myoma resection was assessed in 31 patients suffering from menorrhagia. No difference in operating time, intra-operative fluid deficit, blood loss and postoperative eumenorrhoea rate was found between pretreated and non-pretreated patients with solitary submucous myomas smaller than 4 cm in diameter. Thus, pretreatment with GnRH agonists before the resection of small solitary submucous myomas has no benefit for the patients.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗