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PubMed1986

Closure of longitudinal sternotomy with absorbable sutures.

In a consecutive series of 150 patients who underwent open heart surgery, absorbable suture (PDS-Ethicon) were used for the closure of median sternotomy. One patient developed sternal dehiscence; wound complications or incompatibility with the suture material did not occur. With the technique of "double" PDS sutures, rapid and secure sternal closure can be performed even in cases of friability of the sternum without cutting through the sternal bone.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1998

[Risk factors for trabeculectomy failure].

BACKGROUND: Trabeculectomy is today the filtering procedure of choice, because complications are rare and success-rates high. A modification of our technique (fornix-based conjunctival flap closed by a running suture) introduced 3 years ago, has lead us to this retrospective assessment of complications and success-rates. Some of the risk factors for failure are known, others however remain obscure. This retrospective series was also used to further identify some of these risk factors for trabeculectomy failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All 388 trabeculectomies performed between January 1992 and June 1994 at our hospital were included in the study. Important pre- and postoperative data were retrospectively assessed from patients case notes, with a special interest in the course of post-operative intra-ocular pressure (IOP). Two major groups were differentiated: Those with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) (i.e. primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEX) and pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS)), and other various glaucoma diagnoses. Risk factors were assessed using Cox-proportional hazard model adopting three different criteria for success. RESULTS: The best success-rate after 12 months of follow-up had patients with narrow angle glaucoma (93.1%)(at least those suitable for filtering surgery), followed by patients with POAG (92.8%), 2 degrees open-angle glaucoma (81.8%), aphakic (75%), juvenile (70.6%) and PDS (52.9%). Pseudophakia and development of an encapsulated bleb (Tenon' cyst) were identified as significant (p < 0.05) risk factors for failure. In addition, YAG-Laser Iridotomy in OAG-group and Aphakia in the group of various glaucoma diagnoses were identified as risk factors for successful post-operative IOP control. CONCLUSIONS: Filtering surgery (trabeculectomy) is a potent method to reduce IOP. Pseudophakia and an encapsulated bleb are the main risk factors for surgical failure. Because of amazingly high success-rates we tend to perform filtering surgery today earlier than ten years ago, especially as previous long-term topical antiglaucoma treatment may reduce filtering surgery success.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The so-called post-discotomy syndrome--failure of intervertebral disk surgery?].

The Post-discectomy-Syndrome (PDS) is a clinical entity with various components from individual disposition, sequelae of the underlying disc degeneration and of the operation, as well. These include local back pain, persisting (poly-)radicular pain and facet irritation with pseudoradicular irradiation due to segmental instability, epidural scarring and local arachnoiditis. Diagnosis has to focus on separation from failed-back-surgery-syndromes (FBSS) with single components like insufficient discal or bony decompression or segmental instability. Arachnoiditis seems to be the least modifiable factor and should be excluded if fusion or revision of the spinal canal is planned. A 100 point-score for grading of PDS is presented.

Arachnoiditis↗
PubMed1986

Experimental studies with absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures in infected canine arterial anastomoses.

Vascular anastomoses are usually performed with nonabsorbable synthetic suture material. In an infected wound suture material may have a negative effect on the healing of vascular anastomoses, leading to leakage and formation of false aneurysms. In a canine model 40 neck wounds and 40 groin wounds were contaminated with a standard suspension of Staphylococcus aureus. Subsequently 80 end-to-end anastomoses were performed in both carotid and femoral arteries with the absorbable polydioxanone (PDS) or the nonabsorbable polypropylene (PPL) suture material in one of either side. After wound infection or hemorrhage occurred, or at least 7 days to 6 months after vascular surgery, the dogs were put to death and the contaminated vessels were removed to determine the extent of infection with light and scanning electron microscopy. Macroscopic (presence of pus, anastomotic rupture, or aneurysm) and microscopic findings (absorption, tissue reaction) were compared statistically with the McNemar test. There was no difference in the incidence of wound infection between the sutures examined. Bacteriologic cultures revealed no other microorganism than the inoculated staphylococcus strain or occasional skin contaminants. In the PPL group hemorrhages occurred more frequently (n = 6) than in the PDS group (n = 2; p = 0.125). Anastomotic aneurysms (n = 5) were found only in the PPL group (p = 0.375). These differences, although statistically not significant (because of the small number of the studied anastomoses), suggest the use of monofilament absorbable suture material for autogenous anastomoses in a contaminated area.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Biomaterial pretreatment with ECGF to augment endothelial cell proliferation.

ECGF, a polypeptide of bovine hypothalamic derivation, is the most potent endothelial cell mitogen known, with mitogenic and chemotactic effects well demonstrated in vitro on human endothelial cells. These effects are synergized by heparin. In vivo re-endothelialization of blood-contacting biomaterials may be enhanced by bonding ECGF and heparin to prosthetic surfaces. Long woven Dacron (24 mm) and woven PDS vascular prostheses were treated first with human plasma fibronectin (10 micrograms/cm2). Porcine sodium heparin (20 micrograms/cm2) was added by means of fibronectin's heparin affinity. Pure 125I-ECGF (95% alpha, 5% beta; 1 ng/cm2) was next fixed by the heparin affinity of ECGF and followed by a second heparin layer (20 micrograms/cm2) to synergize with and stabilize ECGF. 125I-ECGF adherences were determined by scintillation counts. Attachment efficiency averaged 25%. Prostheses were interposed into rabbit aortas and harvested in triplicate from 0 to 30 days to establish in vivo washout curves. After explantation, residual 125I-ECGF was eluted from prostheses, and intact ECGF was identified by SDS gel electrophoresis. Similarly prepared but nonradioiodinated Dacron and PDS prostheses were explanted after 7 days and their ECGF eluted off for in vitro activity documentation. This ECGF retained its mitogenic properties, causing a 1000% to 1200% increase in 3H-thymidine incorporation into newly synthesized DNA in test murine LE-II cells. Fibronectin-heparin-ECGF fixation to blood-contacting biomaterials may enhance spontaneous re-endothelialization and/or hasten the confluence of transplanted endothelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Biochemical and biophysical characterization of photosystem I from phytoene desaturase and zeta-carotene desaturase deletion mutants of Synechocystis Sp. PCC 6803: evidence for PsaA- and PsaB-side electron transport in cyanobacteria.

In photosystem I, oxidation of reduced acceptor A(1)(-) through iron-sulfur cluster F(X) is biphasic with half-times of approximately 5-30 ns ("fast" phase) and approximately 150-300 ns ("slow" phase). Whether these biphasic kinetics reflect unidirectional electron transfer, involving only the PsaA-side phylloquinone or bi-directional electron transfer, involving both the PsaA- and PsaB-side phylloquinones, has been the source of some controversy. Brettel (Brettel, K. (1988) FEBS Lett. 239, 93-98) and Joliot and Joliot (Joliot, P., and Joliot, A. (1999) Biochemistry 38, 11130-11136) have attributed to nearby carotenoids electrochromic band shifts, accompanying A(1) reduction, centered at approximately 450 and 500-510 nm. As a test of these assignments, we separately deleted in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 the genes that encode phytoene desaturase (encoded by crtP (pds)) and zeta-carotene desaturase (encoded by crtQ (zds)). The pds(-) and zds(-) strains synthesize phytoene and zeta-carotene, respectively, both of which absorb to shorter wavelength than beta-carotene. Compared with wild type, the mutant A(1)(-) (FeS) - A(1)(FeS)(-) difference spectra, measured in cells and photosystem I complexes, retain the electrochromic band shift centered at 450 nm but show a complete loss of the electrochromic band shifts centered at 500-510 nm. Thus, the latter clearly arise from beta-carotene. In the wild type, the electrochromic band shift of the slow phase (centered at 500 nm) is shifted by 6 nm to the blue compared with the fast phase (centered at 506 nm). Thus, the carotenoid pigments acting as electrochromic markers during the fast and slow phases of A(1)(-) oxidation are different, indicating the involvement of both the PsaA- and the PsaB-side phylloquinones in photosystem I electron transport.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2000

A Swedish version of the Dental Visit Satisfaction Scale.

The aims of this study were to translate and analyze the Dental Visit Satisfaction Scale (DVSS), which has been developed to measure different aspects of the dentist-patient relationship in the view of the patient. Subjects were ordinary dental patients attending dental care in various public dental service clinics (PDS) and patients attending an emergency PDS clinic and an oral medicine clinic (n = 204). Consecutively, patients were asked to answer a questionnaire that consisted of the DVSS and information about dental anxiety, age, and gender. The results revealed similar DVSS item/sum of scores levels as those in previous studies. There was no significant difference with respect to gender. High dental anxiety was associated with low DVSS score. Three dimensions were found in the exploratory factor analysis: Information/communication, Understanding/acceptance, and Technical competence. Item 8 was found to have skewed properties according to correlation, reliability, and factor analysis. A confirmatory factor analysis with the 9-item DVSS (item 8 removed) revealed a model with 4 dimensions. A general dental satisfaction factor was found, loading on all 9 items, together with the above-mentioned, more narrow factors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Mitochondrial complex I, II/III, and IV activities in familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease.

A possible role of mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction in the pathogenesis of sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) has been described. There are only a few reports concerning mitochondrial involvement in familial Parkinson's disease. The present study investigated mitochondrial complex I-IV activity in patients with sporadic and familial PD, compared to controls. Platelets were isolated from venous blood and platelet mitochondria were obtained through sonication and differential centrifugation. Complex I, II/III, and IV activities were measured in 17 patients with family history of Parkinson's disease (PDF), 15 patients with sporadic Parkinson disease (PDS), and 17 age-matched, healthy controls. The mitochondrial enzyme activities did not differ significantly between patient groups and controls. In addition, there was no correlation between mitochondrial complex activities and age, severity of disease, or age at onset of disease in the patient groups. In this study, the data indicate no significant differences in mitochondrial complex I-IV activities in PDF and PDS.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Does acute stress disorder predict post-traumatic stress disorder in traffic accident victims? Analysis of a self-report inventory.

The objective of this study was to account for acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) morbidity in a self-report survey of traffic accident victims and to evaluate the relationship between ASD and PTSD in this sample, and furthermore, to find both a model of independent variables accounting for variance in ASD and PTSD symptom level. Ninety patients, treated at an emergency ward after traffic accidents, participated in this longitudinal self-report survey. ASD was assessed using the Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS) and PTSD was assessed at 6-8 months follow-up using the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS). Twenty-five patients (28%) met the cutoff scores for ASDS. Fifteen patients (17%) fulfilled criteria for PTSD according to the PDS. ASD was only able to predict 50% of patients who later developed high levels of PTSD symptomatology. A model of three variables explained 35% of the variance in ASD symptom level. Two variables explained 40% of the variance in PTSD symptom level. In both regression models, dissatisfaction with social support was associated with a higher symptom level. The results from this study reflect already voiced problems with the ASD diagnosis. The lack of precision in predicting who will develop PTSD is pronounced in this study. The acute traumatic symptom level explains a large part of the variance in PTSD symptom level. However, other variables also seem to play an important role.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment implications of Axis-II comorbidity in eating disorders.

In this article, we review the clinical research on the implications of comorbid personality disorders (PDs), pathological personality traits, and the expression and response to treatment of those with eating disorders (EDs) (i.e., anorexia and bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder). Obsessive-compulsive PDs and related traits, such as perfectionism and rigidity, appear to be clear-cut risk and maintenance factors for anorexia nervosa. In bulimia nervosa, trait impulsivity seems to be related to early termination from therapy and, according to at least some indices, poorer responses to treatment. Dramatic-Erratic PD features, generally more characteristic of binge-purge ED variants, clearly predict a protracted course for general psychiatric symptoms, but may have less prognostic value for eating symptoms. Recent guidelines from two influential bodies--the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2000) and the United Kingdom's National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE, 2004)--both include the concept that "trait-oriented" interventions, targeting personality-linked components like perfectionism, affective instability, impulsivity, and interpersonal disturbances, may optimize treatment effects. In general, the literature supports the recommendation that clinicians should apply well-validated, symptom-focused therapies for the EDs; in addition, clinicians may wish to incorporate trait-focused interventions in patients in whom personality pathology contributes to suboptimal response.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of psychotropic medications in eating disorder patients with personality disorders.

The use of psychotropic medications in eating disorder patients with personality disorders (PDs) is a complex topic. In this overview, we do not focus on individual studies, but rather on the philosophical issues and broader management principles of medications in this comorbid population. We review a general construct of personality and PD development, the theories that underlie how medications might work in PDs, and the target-symptom approach to treatment. We also discuss the essential elements of the prescribing context, an approach to psychotropic medication selection in the borderline personality population, and general caveats for medication use in those with eating disorders. Despite available data, significantly more research is needed in this area.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

A rat model of preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia/eclampsia is a disorder of human pregnancy that continues to exact significant maternal morbidity and mortality and fetal wastage. Therapy of these disorders has not changed in over 50 years and there are no proven preventive measures. We describe a model of the development of a syndrome in the pregnant rat that resembles preeclampsia, which results from the imposition of excessive volume expansion early in gestation. We administered desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) to pregnant animals whose drinking water had been replaced with saline. We compared the results obtained in these animals with those resulting from the study of control, virgin animals, virgin animals receiving DOCA and saline, and normal pregnant (NP) animals. The virgin animals given DOCA and saline did not become hypertensive. The experimental paradigm in the DOCA plus saline pregnant (PDS) animals provides many of the phenotypic characteristics of the human disorder including the development of hypertension, proteinuria, and intrauterine growth restriction. In addition, the mean blood nitrite/nitrate concentration was reduced in the PDS rats compared with their NP counterparts. We propose that this model may prove to be useful in the study of the human condition.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

An endothelial cell-derived growth factor.

Cell-free plasma-derived serum (PDS) is deficient in the platelet-derived growth factor and will not support the growth of 3T3 cells, fibroblasts, or smooth muscle cells. However, when PDS-containing medium is preincubated with endothelial cells, the medium becomes modified so that it will support growth. The activity produced by the endothelial cells results from a polypeptide of 10,000 to 30,000 daltons which has several features that differ from those of the platelet-derived growth factor, including heat instability and lack of adsorption to CM Sephadex.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Serial propagation of human endothelial cells in vitro.

Human umbilical vein (HUV) endothelial cells were grown for 15 to 21 passages at a split ratio of 1:5 (at least 27 population doublings) on a human fibronectin (HFN) matrix in Medium 199 supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) and endothelial-cell growth factor (ECGF). This system also permitted the growth of HUV endothelial cells at cell densities as low as 1.25 cells/cm2. In addition to delaying the premature senescence of HUV endothelial cells, ECGF also reduced the serum requirement for low-density HUV endothelial-cell growth; 2.5% serum and ECGF yields half-maximum growth as compared to high serum controls. Significant HUV endothelial-cell growth was also observed in medium supplemented with either ovine hypophysectomized (HYPOX) serum, plasma-derived serum (PDS), or HYPOX-PDS in the presence of ECGF, suggesting that neither the pituitary nor the platelet contributes to HUV endothelial-cell growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Ca(2+)-blockable, poorly selective cation channels in the apical membrane of amphibian epithelia. UO2(2+) reveals two channel types.

This study deals with the effect of mucosal UO2(2+) on the Ca(2+)-blockable, poorly selective cation channels in the apical membrane of frog skin and toad urinary bladder. Our data show that UO2(2+) inhibits the Na+ currents through the amiloride-insensitive cation pathway and confirm a previously described stimulatory effect on the amiloride-blockade Na+ transport. Noise analysis of the Ca(2+)-blockable current demonstrates that the divalent also depresses the low-frequency Lorentzian (fc = 11.7 Hz) in the power density spectrum (PDS) and reveals the presence of high-frequency relaxation noise (fc = 58.5 Hz). The action of UO2(2+) is not reversed upon washout and is not accompanied by noise, typically induced by reversible blockers. The divalent merely depresses the plateau of the low-frequency Lorentzian, demonstrating a decrease in the number of conductive cation channels. Similarly, with mucosal K+ and Rb+, UO2(2+) also unmasks the high-frequency Lorentzian by depressing the noise from the slowly fluctuating cation channels (type S). In all experiments with mucosal Cs+, the PDS contains high-frequency relaxation noise (fc = 75.1 Hz in Rana temporaria, and 65.4 Hz in Rana ridibunda). An effect of UO2(2+) on the Cs+ currents and Lorentzian plateaus could not be demonstrated, suggesting that this monovalent cation does not pass through type S channels. Experiments with the urinary bladder revealed only a UO2(2+)-insensitive pathway permeable for Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+. We submit that in frog skin two cation-selective channels occur, distinguished by their spontaneous gating kinetics, their sensitivity to UO2(2+), and their permeability for Cs+. In toad urinary bladder, only one kind of cation-selective channel is observed, which resembles the UO2(2+)-insensitive channel in frog skin, with fast open-closed kinetics (type F).

Amiloride↗
PubMed1991

K+ secretion across frog skin. Induction by removal of basolateral Cl-.

We examined the development of K+ secretion after removing Cl- from the basolateral surface of isolated skins of Rana temporaria using noise analysis. K+ secretion was defined by the appearance of a Lorentzian component in the power density spectrum (PDS) when Ba2+ was present in the apical bath (0.5 mM). No Lorentzians were observed when tissues were bathed in control, NaCl Ringer solution. Replacement of basolateral Cl- by gluconate, nitrate, or SO4- (0-Clb) yielded Lorentzians with corner frequencies near 25 Hz, and plateau values (So) that were used to estimate the magnitude of K+ secretion through channels in the apical cell membranes of the principal cells. The response was reversible and reproducible. In contrast, removing apical Cl- did not alter the PDS. Reduction of basolateral Cl- to 11.5 mM induced Lorentzians, but with lower values of So. Inhibition of Na+ transport with amiloride or by omitting apical Na+ depressed K+ secretion but did not prevent its appearance in response to 0-Clb. Using microelectrodes, we observed depolarization of the intracellular voltage concomitant with increased resistance of the basolateral membrane after 0-Clb. Basolateral application of Ba2+ to depolarize cells also induced K+ secretion. Because apical conductance and channel density are unchanged after 0-Clb, we conclude that K+ secretion is "induced" simply by an increase of the electrical driving force for K+ exit across this membrane. Repolarization of the apical membrane after 0-Clb eliminated K+ secretion, while further depolarization increased the magnitude of the secretory current. The cell depolarization after 0-Clb is most likely caused directly by a decrease of the basolateral membrane K+ conductance. Ba2(+)-induced Lorentzians also were elicited by basolateral hypertonic solutions but with lower values of So, indicating that cell shrinkage per se could not entirely account for the response to 0-Clb and that the effects of 0-Clb may be partly related to a fall of intracellular Cl-.

Amiloride↗
PubMed2005

Immortalization of human fetal cells: the life span of umbilical cord blood-derived cells can be prolonged without manipulating p16INK4a/RB braking pathway.

Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCBMSCs) are expected to serve as an excellent alternative to bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. However, it is difficult to study them because of their limited life span. To overcome this problem, we attempted to produce a strain of UCBMSCs with a long life span and to investigate whether the strain could maintain phenotypes in vitro. UCBMSCs were infected with retrovirus carrying the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) to prolong their life span. The UCBMSCs underwent 30 population doublings (PDs) and stopped dividing at PD 37. The UCBMSCs newly established with hTERT (UCBTERTs) proliferated for >120 PDs. The p16INK4a/RB braking pathway leading to senescence can be inhibited by introduction of Bmi-1, a polycomb-group gene, and human papillomavirus type 16 E7, but the extension of the life span of the UCBMSCs with hTERT did not require inhibition of the p16INK4a/RB pathway. The characteristics of the UCBTERTs remained unchanged during the prolongation of life span. UCBTERTs provide a powerful model for further study of cellular senescence and for future application to cell-based therapy by using umbilical cord blood cells.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed2006

Assessment of personal direct-reading dust monitors for the measurement of airborne inhalable dust.

The performances of five portable direct-reading dust monitors were investigated in a wind tunnel for a range of industrial dusts and three sizes of aluminium oxide test dust to mainly determine their suitability for measuring the inhalable fraction of airborne dust in workplaces. The instruments tested were Split 2 (SKC Ltd), Sidepak (TSI Inc.), Dataram (Thermo Electron Ltd), PDS-2 (Sibata Scientific Technology Ltd) and the Respicon TM (Hund Ltd). The instruments' responses were compared with reference dust samplers. These were the IOM sampler for the inhalable fraction and the Casella cyclone sampler for the respirable fraction. All instruments are predominantly responsive to and are designed to measure particles in the respirable size range, although two of the instruments, the Split 2 and Respicon TM, are claimed to be capable of measuring inhalable-sized particles. For the purpose of the tests, major modifications to an existing wind tunnel dust injection system were made to facilitate the generation of uniform concentrations of large inhalable-sized dust particles at low air velocities. Each monitor greatly underestimated the measurement of inhalable concentration for all the dusts tested, although the linearity was good over a wide range of concentrations for any particular size distribution of dust. However, their calibration factors, defined as the ratio of reference inhalable concentration to monitor concentration, were especially sensitive to changes in particle size as the response of the instruments decreased rapidly with increasing particle size. The monitors generally overestimated the measurement of respirable dust concentration by up to a factor of about 2, apart from the PDS-2, which underestimated it by a factor of up to 3. There was, however, a great deal more scatter in the reference respirable concentration measurements owing to the collection of small dust samples. Therefore, monitor linearity and effects of monitor response to changes in particle size could not be accurately investigated for the respirable fraction. The sampling head of the Split 2 monitor incorporates an IOM inlet and filter to gravimetrically collect the inhalable fraction of airborne dust. This can give a concurrent reference measure of inhalable airborne dust concentration. However, poor sealing within the sampling head resulted in some of the sampled dust not reaching the backup filter. This resulted in the Split 2 underestimating the reference inhalable dust concentration, which meant that it could not be accurately used as a calibration standard. Communications with the manufacturers have since revealed that the sampling head has recently been redesigned in order to improve the seal and eliminate leakage. The Respicon sampler gravimetrically underestimated the inhalable dust concentration, and did so increasingly as the particle size increased.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗