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Comparison of single serum progesterone and endometrial biopsy for confirmation of ovulation in infertile Nigerian women.
Infertility remains a medico-social problem in Nigeria and it accounts for a large percentage of outpatient gynecological consultations. The evaluation of the infertile couple remains a continuing challenge to the practising doctor in this part of the world. The need to evaluate the two methods commonly used for determining ovulation in these patients is indicated. Endometrial biopsy specimen and a single sample for serum progesterone estimation were obtained simultaneously in the luteal phase from 50 normally menstruating infertile Nigerian women. Subsequent analysis showed that a serum progesterone value of 6.6 nmol/l (2.2 ng/ml) or above was always associated with a secretory endometrium. Forty-six cycles yielded sufficient information to compare the two methods for confirmation of ovulation. Patients who ovulated with a progesterone value of 6.6 nmol/l (2.2 ng/ml) were 91.3% (42/46) or above, while 89% (41/46) showed secretory endometrium. Forty-six of the cases 86.9% (40/46) were judged to have ovulated by both parameters while 6.5% demonstrated anovulatory cycle using both criteria. From the study, a significant correlation was obtained between endometrial biopsy and progesterone assay methods in confirming ovulation.
[Embryo transfer in horses--current status and future perspectives].
Although foals born after embryo transfer are eligible for registration in the majority of horse breeds, application of embryo transfer is still rare. This is mainly due to the lack of a possibility for superovulation. Uterine stage embryos can be recovered by a non-surgical flushing technique. Transfer can be accomplished by non-surgical as well as surgical methods. In contrast to the situation in cattle, most related technologies are scarcely available. Methods of cryopreservation as well as bisection of embryos are hampered by the fact that suitable embryos (morula) can be collected from the uterus only during a very short period. In vitro production of embryos by in vitro maturation, fertilization and embryo culture is currently under investigation. Progress has been made to establish ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte aspiration. These techniques will provide an important stimulus for application of embryo transfer in equine species and enhance our knowledge about reproductive biology in the mare.
[Clinical application and diagnostic tests with the hypothalamic hormone that releases luteinizing hormone].
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Fertility awareness made easier.
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The calendar vs. cervical mucus.
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[Risk of conception in breast feeding].
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[Information on the ALA MTP-1 fertility tester].
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Is the salivary "ferning" a reliable index of the fertile period?
We found that the fern leaf crystallisation of human saliva is a non-specific phenomenon, independent on the action of estrogenic hormones. Salivary ferning can be obtained in practice during the whole menstrual cycle and occurs in the saliva of postclimateric, pregnant and prepuberal women. Even the saliva of male subjects gives invariably the ferning reaction. In conclusion, salivary ferning does not seem a reliable method to establish woman fertile period.
Monoclonal antibody-based self-testing products.
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Problems associated with ultrasonography of the canine ovary around the time of ovulation.
Real-time B-mode ultrasound imaging was carried out, using a scanner of moderate quality, on 40 fresh bitch cadavers to identify the presence of ovaries and significant ovarian structures. The results indicated that accurate identification of the ovaries depended on the presence of significant follicles or corpora lutea (CL). The findings were verified at post-mortem examination. The study was continued by scanning 35 live bitches using three different scanning units of increasingly improved quality to show that the process of ovulation could be assessed with reasonable accuracy with improved quality of equipment, although the exact fate of the follicle could not be imaged. The results were judged against assays for blood circulating progesterone. A final group of seven live bitches were scanned with a high-grade scanner using an annular phased-array transducer to attempt to image the process of ovulation. The non-echogenic follicle disappeared and was replaced by the CL that was hypoechoic with respect to surrounding tissue, thus allowing accurate assessment of the time of ovulation. This was confirmed by progesterone assay.
Determination of ovulation in the bitch with a qualitative progesterone enzymeimmunoassay in serum, plasma and whole blood.
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A field trial of Billings' ovulation method for spacing and limitation of birth.
In spite of constant efforts by health and social workers, existing family planning measures are not used by a vast majority of eligible couples. This is because of the fear that the method may affect their health and happiness. Billings' ovulation method is based on the scientific observation that by noting the changes in cervical mucus, which is clear, slippery and copious in periovulatory period, it is possible to prevent pregnancy by avoiding intercourse during this period. As this method does not require the use of drugs or devices it was decided to promote this method in the urban areas and slums of Patna, Bihar where couples were not using other methods. This is not a comparative study of the cost-effectiveness of Billings' ovulation method versus other contraceptive measures at all. An analysis of 501 cases (267 in urban and 234 in slums) over a period of 2 1/2 years has been presented and it is gratifying to note that the couples from all religions and strata of the society (nearly 47% were slum dwellers) agreed to continue this method.
[Follicular growth and dynamics before and during ovulation in the mare: review for the practitioner].
Few scientists predicted the impact that echography would have on the equine breeding industry. The aim of this practical review is to give the practitioner the ability to be familiar with the ovarian echographic exam. He should be able to recognize different stages of estrous cycle in the mare, status of preovulatory follicles and to predict precisely the time of ovulation. Various specific criteria and details regarding the equine echography are studied and illustrated, using the last scientific data published after the Fifth International Symposium on Equine Reproduction in Deauville.
Alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase and beta-glucuronidase in saliva of cyclic women.
Levels of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and beta-glucuronidase have been measured in whole unstimulated saliva samples collected daily during normal menstrual cycles. The cellular content of the saliva has been shown to be a major source of the three enzymes. The enzymes were found to have peak maximum levels of activity during the periovulatory -hase of the cycle. This observation can be attributed to the presence of increased numbers of exfoliated cells from the oral mucosa resulting from the pre-ovulatory estrogen stimulus to cell proliferation.
Infertility in women.
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