Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “OBSTETRICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Obstetric complications and Apgar score in early-onset schizophrenic patients with prominent positive and prominent negative symptoms.

UNLABELLED: The objective of the study was to find associations between obstetric complications (OCs) history and schizophrenia course and symptoms. We analysed the obstetric and psychiatric history of 50 DSM IV schizophrenic subjects who experienced their first schizophrenia episode in adolescence, and 30 healthy controls. Obstetrical data and Apgar scores were obtained from medical records and evaluated with the Lewis and Murray Scale. Based on patients' documentation [including longitudinal evaluation with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)] the symptom profile and the course of schizophrenia were determined. RESULTS: we distinguished two major groups of patients: with prominent negative and prominent positive symptoms. Schizophrenics with prominent negative symptoms and a chronic schizophrenia course had significantly more definite OCs and lower Apgar scores than patients with prominent positive symptoms and controls. Subjects who had a positive OCs history were more than four times likely to develop schizophrenia in adolescence than those without such a history (OR=4.64; 95% CI=1.29-17.51) with the likelihood of developing schizophrenia with prominent negative symptoms especially high (OR=7.31; 95% CI=1.80-29.65). An Apgar score of between 0 and 3 after birth was associated with an increased risk for developing schizophrenia (OR=2.25; 95% CI=0.56-9.12), especially with prominent negative symptoms (OR=3.71; 95% CI=0.84-16.32). The findings support the hypothesis of a role of OCs in developing early-onset schizophrenia and suggest the associations of the OCs history with a specific symptoms profile (prominent negative symptoms) and a chronic course of schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Long hours and little sleep: work schedules of residents in obstetrics and gynecology.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate residents' work schedules and their attitudes toward limiting their hours. METHODS: An anonymous survey regarding resident work hours and call schedules was administered to the 4674 obstetric-gynecologic residents who took the year 2000 Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology in-training examination. RESULTS: A total of 4510 surveys were analyzed (96.5%). Three of four (75.5%) respondents reported working between 61 and 100 hours each week. Most (71.3%) reported sleeping less than 3 hours while on night call. Eight of ten reported having postcall clinical responsibilities. The reported number of hours on call declined and the reported number of hours of sleep increased with year of residency. Three of four residents wanted limits on their work hours. Residents who reported longer on-call hours or less sleep during night shift were significantly more likely to want a restriction on work hours. Fatigue was the most commonly selected reason (77.6%) followed by "need more personal time" (76.3%), and "fear of compromising quality of care" (59.8%). Women were more concerned about fatigue than were men. Among residents who did not want work hour restrictions, "additional surgical experience" was the most commonly selected reason (69.0%). CONCLUSION: Residents in obstetrics and gynecology report working long hours, and experiencing periods of little sleep. Most want their work hours to be limited. Fatigue is a major concern among residents that want their hours limited. A sizable minority worries that such limits might also limit their experience.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A demographic analysis of the origin of papers published in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain temporal trends in the number and share of papers originating from work sites in the ten districts of The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and to identify demographic predictors of variance among the districts. METHODS: The work sites of the first authors of papers published in Obstetrics & Gynecology were determined for selected years since 1985 and sorted by ACOG district. Three related journals (Fertility and Sterility, Gynecologic Oncology, and the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology) were similarly analyzed for the year 2000. Demographic variables, including numbers of ACOG Fellows, residencies, subspecialty fellowships, and medical schools, were analyzed with multivariable regression for the most predictive variables for number of papers among ACOG districts. RESULTS: The number and share of papers published in Obstetrics & Gynecology written by authors working in ACOG districts have been declining steadily since 1985, in contrast to the number of papers arising from locations outside of ACOG districts. Analysis of demographic factors for number of papers from four specialty journals in the year 2000 revealed that the number of medical schools in the district (R(2) = 0.79) was the most predictive (P <.001). CONCLUSION: Efforts to identify and correct factors associated with a decline in the number of published papers should focus on conditions in medical schools.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed1997

Treatment of continuous data as categoric variables in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the treatment of continuous data in a sample of obstetric and gynecologic literature. METHODS: We reviewed articles in Obstetrics and Gynecology published in the first 4 months of 1985 and 1995. Data were tabulated on a data form created specifically for this purpose and reviewed for accuracy. RESULTS: The sample set included 170 variables in 102 original articles from Obstetrics and Gynecology published from January to April 1995, inclusive (group A, contemporary articles), and 117 variables in 89 articles published between January and April 1985, inclusive (group B, historic articles). Fifty-three variables (31% of total variables) in group A and 27 variables (23% of total variables) in group B (chi 2, P = .05) were continuous predictor variables. The historic-period articles (63%) were significantly more likely to represent continuous data only as categoric variables than were articles in the contemporary period (38%) (Fisher exact test, P = .037). Correlation coefficients, r values, were provided where possible in ten articles in the contemporary period (83%) and four articles in the historic period (31%) (Fisher exact test, P = .008). In articles in which continuous predictors were treated only as categoric variables, an emphasis was placed on the findings based only on categories in four of 12 (33%) of these articles in 1995 and nine of 13 (69%) in 1985 (Fisher exact test, P = .05). CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of continuous data has improved over the time period reviewed. However, clinicians should be aware that continuous data may be mischaracterized as categoric variables in some journal articles. We hope that in the future, editors will consider requesting r values for all continuous data relations. The quality-of-care implications of using discrete cutoffs of continuous data for patient care should be investigated.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1998

What to expect from a residency program: answers from a directory of residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology.

OBJECTIVE: To answer questions about obstetric-gynecologic resident salary, night call, vacation, outside employment, gender mix, and training experiences using data from a national directory of residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology. METHODS: The 259 US civilian residency programs were analyzed, using information from the 1996 directory database. We compared programs by size (four or fewer residents per year versus more than four residents per year) and geographic region for each of the questions. We used parametric and nonparametric statistical tests to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: First-year residents earn an average of $31,414 annually and receive a 5% increase each year, although salary varies significantly by region. Residents are on call an average of every 3rd night (twice a week) in the 1st year and every 4th or 5th night in the chief year. Residents in small programs take more night call than those in large programs. A separate night call rotation was more common in large programs. Vacation time varied by year of training and region. Male-to-female ratios in training differed significantly by year in training, program size, and region. The median number of training experiences was identified in each of the categories required by the Residency Review Committee in obstetrics and gynecology. Training experiences varied significantly by program size in three of the 15 categories. CONCLUSION: Program size and geographic region should be considered when comparing programs with regard to pay, work, time off, outside employment, gender mix, and training experiences. Program advisors and potential applicants are encouraged to use this information in comparing programs.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Economic analyses in obstetrics and gynecology: a methodologic evaluation of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the methodology of the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit literature in obstetrics and gynecology. DATA SOURCES: We performed a MEDLINE search of the general and subspecialty obstetrics and gynecology journals for the years 1990 through 1996. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: Original investigations including cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit were evaluated by two reviewers for adherence to ten minimum methodologic standards derived by a review of guidelines for medical economic analyses. The major criteria considered included: 1) provision of comparative options, 2) statement of analytic perspective, 3) presentation of cost data, 4) identification of outcome measure, 5) use of summary measure of economic effectiveness or benefit, and 6) performance of a sensitivity analysis. The minor criteria evaluated included: 1) statement of source of cost data, 2) inclusion of long-term costs, 3) use of discounting, and 4) calculation of an incremental summary measure. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Ninety-eight articles that included cost-benefit or cost-effectiveness analyses were identified. The mean number of major and minor principles adhered to were 3.6 and 1.0, respectively. Five publications (5.1%) conformed to all ten major and minor criteria, whereas nine (9.2%) articles used all six major criteria. The provision of cost data (94.8%) and statement of comparative options (96.9%) were the major principles most frequently adhered to, whereas the use of discounting (10.2%) and statement of analytic perspective (19.3%) showed the lowest compliance. Agreement between the reviewers was excellent (kappa .87). CONCLUSION: Published economic analyses in the obstetrics and gynecology literature seldom adhere to all recommended methodologic guidelines. Further training in the methodology of cost-effectiveness analysis is needed within the specialty.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1998

Methods used to diagnose premature rupture of membranes: a national survey of 812 obstetric nurses.

OBJECTIVE: To identify methods used to diagnose premature rupture of membranes (PROM). METHODS: A 14-item questionnaire was mailed to 1992 registered nurses certified in inpatient obstetrics to determine information on practice facility, obstetric services, procedures used to obtain vaginal fluids for testing, and methods used to diagnose PROM. RESULTS: A total of 812 (40.8%) surveys were available for analysis. Of tests used to confirm PROM, observation of pooling fluid in the posterior fornix and fern tests were much more likely to be used in teaching and military hospitals and in facilities with tertiary obstetric services than in private hospitals (all P values < .001). To obtain vaginal fluids for fern and nitrazine testing, the dry glove method (ie, insertion of a gloved hand or nitrazine strip into the vagina) was used significantly more often in private hospitals than in teaching or military facilities (P < .001). In addition, the dry glove method was used significantly more often (P < .001) and the speculum examination was used less often (P < .001) to collect vaginal fluids for testing when private physicians performed more than 75% of deliveries at a particular hospital. In contrast, vaginal fluid was obtained during a sterile speculum examination more often in facilities in which more than 75% of deliveries were performed by residents (P < .001), and/or when more than 75% of speculum examinations were performed by nursing personnel (P < .001). Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that observation of pooling fluid and use of the fern test were significantly associated with hospital type, percentage of deliveries by private physicians, and percentage of speculum examinations performed by nursing personnel (all P values < .001). CONCLUSION: A sterile speculum examination is used more often to obtain vaginal fluids for testing and to diagnose ruptured membranes in teaching or military facilities and when nursing personnel have been trained in speculum examinations.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Development of a national course on research methodology for Canadian residents in obstetrics and gynecology.

OBJECTIVE: To report our experience developing and implementing an introductory course on research methods for Canadian obstetrics and gynecology residents. METHODS: A program entitled "An Introduction to Research," originating at Queen's University, developed into an annual series of regional courses across Canada, under the auspices of the Association of Professors of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Canada. Didactic lectures, interactive workshops, and online computer demonstrations introduced participants to the basic elements of clinical research. RESULTS: Since its inception, over 1000 participants have attended the program. Nearly all of the 296 respondents to a course evaluation agreed that the program was well organized, presented material at an appropriate level, and was useful. CONCLUSION: This course ensured that residents in obstetrics and gynecology across Canada were given a basic level of research training, as required by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.

Canada↗
PubMed1999

Effectiveness of antenatal steroids in obstetric subgroups.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of antenatal steroids in the reduction of neonatal morbidity and mortality in obstetric subgroups of preterm labor with intact membranes, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM), and pregnancy-associated hypertension. The secondary objective was to determine the effect of antenatal steroids in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and growth-restricted neonates. METHODS: We studied the neonatal outcomes for all women who delivered infants weighing 1750 g or less at birth between January 1990 and July 1997 at our institution. The study population was divided primarily into three clinical groups: preterm labor with intact membranes, PROM, and pregnancy-associated hypertension. Secondarily, the total population was divided based on birth weight and gestational age into AGA and growth-restricted neonates. Within each obstetric subgroup, neonates exposed to antenatal steroids were compared with unexposed neonates for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia, the incidence of major brain lesions, necrotizing enterocolitis, proved neonatal sepsis, patent ductus arteriosus, and neonatal death. The subgroups were also compared for gestational age at delivery, birth weight, birth weight percentile, Apgar scores, postnatal surfactant exposure, and clinical and histologic chorioamnionitis. Descriptive statistics, Student t test, chi2, Fisher exact test, and logistic regression were used for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1148 neonates weighing 1750 g or less were delivered during the study period. There were 447 and 410 neonates delivered after preterm labor with intact membranes and PROM, respectively, and 245 neonates born to mothers with pregnancy-associated hypertension. Nine hundred twenty-eight neonates were AGA and the remaining 220 neonates were growth restricted. Antenatal steroids significantly decreased the incidence of RDS, the incidence and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and neonatal mortality in preterm labor with intact membranes. In the presence of PROM, it significantly decreased the incidence and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia and decreased neonatal mortality, with no apparent effect on the incidence of RDS. Antenatal steroids did not show any beneficial effect in pregnancy-associated hypertension and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Additionally, a significant increase was observed in the incidence of proved neonatal sepsis when antenatal steroids were used in pregnancy-associated hypertension. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of antenatal steroids varies with the obstetric population studied. Antenatal steroids significantly decreased the incidence of major neonatal morbidity and mortality in the AGA preterm neonate delivered after preterm labor with intact membranes. Antenatal steroids did not show any benefit in cases of pregnancy associated with maternal hypertension or FGR. Its effect in the presence of PROM is limited to a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia and in neonatal death.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1999

Logistic regression models in obstetrics and gynecology literature.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reporting of multivariable logistic regression analyses and assess variations in quality over time in the obstetrics and gynecology literature. METHODS: Methodologic criteria for reporting logistic regression analyses were developed to identify problems affecting accuracy, precision, and interpretation of this approach to multivariable statistical analysis. These criteria were applied to 193 articles that reported multivariable logistic regression in the issues of four generic obstetrics and gynecology journals in 1985, 1990, and 1995. Rates of compliance with the methodologic criteria and their time trends were analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of articles using logistic regression analysis increased over time: 1.7% in 1985, 2.8% in 1990, and 6.5% in 1995 (P < .001 for trend). Violations and omissions of methodologic criteria for reporting logistic models were common. The research question, in terms of dependent and independent variables, was not clearly reported in 32.1%. The process of variable selection was inadequately described in 51.8% of the articles. Among articles with ranked independent variables, 85.1% did not report assessment of conformity to linear gradient. Tests for goodness of fit were not given in 93.2% of articles. The contribution of the independent variables could not be evaluated in 36.2% of the articles because of a lack of coding of the variables. Interactions between variables were not assessed in 86.4% of articles. Analysis of variations in the quality of logistic regression analyses over time showed no increase in reporting of the criteria concerning variable selection and goodness of fit. However, the proportion of articles reporting one quality criterion concerning interpretation of the substantive significance of independent variables showed a trend toward improvement: 42.3% in 1985, 73.6% in 1990, and 75.4% in 1995 (P = .004 for trend). CONCLUSION: The reporting of multivariable logistic regression models in the obstetrics and gynecology literature is poor, and the time trends of improvement in quality of reporting are not particularly encouraging.

Gynecology↗
PubMed1999

Effect of residency program merger on undergraduate medical student education in obstetrics and gynecology.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of residency program merger on third-year medical student clerkships using student evaluations of their experiences and standardized subject examination scores. METHODS: End-of-clerkship ratings from student evaluations and National Board of Medical Examiners standardized subject examination scores in obstetrics and gynecology were used from clerkship sites where three separate military residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology recently merged into two new programs. Mean student evaluation scores and subject examination scores for the year preceding and the year following the merger were compared. RESULTS: The mean differences in medical student evaluation scores before and after merger of the residency programs were 0.1 (Mann-Whitney rank sum, P = .1), -0.1 (Mann-Whitney rank sum, P = .8), and 0.2 (Mann-Whitney rank sum, P = .3). The mean differences for subject examination scores before and after merger of the residency programs were -3.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] -33.2, 26.2; paired t test), -30.1 (95% CI -58.9, -1.4; paired t test), and -35.3 (95% CI -74.8, 4.3; paired t test). CONCLUSION: Merger of residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology does not appear to have a deleterious effect on medical students' satisfaction with the clerkship or their performance on standardized subject examinations at our institution.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed2000

Effect of obstetrics-gynecology clerkship duration on medical student examination performance.

OBJECTIVE: To compare medical student performance on the obstetrics and gynecology national board subject examination during two different clerkship rotation formats. METHODS: We compared medical student performance on the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) subject examination in obstetrics and gynecology for 2 years before and 2 years after the length of the clerkship at the University of Florida was decreased from 8 to 6 weeks. Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) and United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) step 1 and step 2 scores were used to assess comparability between groups. Student t test and chi2 analysis were used as appropriate. RESULTS: Medical school classes were similar with respect to MCAT and USMLE step 1 and step 2 scores. Collectively, 231 students who completed the 8-week clerkship scored significantly higher on the subject examination than 239 who completed the 6-week clerkship (618.6 versus 593.5, P = .001). When analyzed by semester, students who completed the clerkship in the second half of the academic year scored similarly regardless of clerkship length (630.6 versus 616.7, P = .11); however, students who completed the clerkship during the first half of the academic year scored significantly higher with the 8-week than the 6-week clerkship (607.3 versus 569.7, P < .001). Students who took the clerkship in the last half of the academic year scored higher than students who took the clerkship in the first half for both the 8-week (630.6 versus 607.3; P = .02) and 6-week (616.7 versus 569.7; P < .001) formats. Those differences persisted on examination letter grade assignment. CONCLUSION: Decreasing the duration of the obstetrics-gynecology medical student clerkship resulted in lower subject examination scores, especially for students who matriculated in the first half of the academic year.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed2000

Professionalism in obstetrics-gynecology residency education: the view of program directors.

OBJECTIVE: To define the qualities of professionalism emphasized in obstetrics-gynecology residencies and identify existing means of evaluating them. METHODS: A survey, designed to assess the importance of professionalism in residency programs and what means are utilized for its development, was sent to all 270 obstetrics-gynecology residency program directors in the United States. RESULTS: Two hundred thirteen surveys were returned (79%). Ninety-seven percent of all respondents indicated that they thought the development of professionalism was necessary for training obstetrics-gynecology residents, and 84.3% thought that formal educational training time should be devoted to this development. Over 85% endorsed faculty examples and mentoring as their methods of teaching professionalism. Respondents ranked honesty; accountability to patients, colleagues, and society; respect for patients; integrity; and excellence as the most important qualities of professionalism. Almost 79% believed those qualities were as important and as necessary as qualities of skill and knowledge in residency training. Almost 80% of respondents thought that the establishment of formal professionalism guidelines would be valuable in their training programs. CONCLUSION: A critical quality in resident education is professionalism, which receives emphasis in training programs largely through faculty example and mentoring. The variability inherent in such methods might be reduced by residency wide guidelines for uniform application of standards and to avoid arbitrariness in enforcement.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2002

Colored illustrations of obstetrics manipulations and instrumentation techniques of a Turkish surgeon Serafeddin Sabuncuoglu in the 15th century.

Serafeddin Sabuncuoglu (1385-1470) was the author of the first illustrated surgical textbook Cerrahiyyet'ül Haniyye (Imperial Surgery) in the Turkish-Islamic literature. In the obstetric section he gave detailed descriptions of normal and abnormal presentation, surgical manipulation of intrauterine foetal death and retained placenta. He wrote about previously described procedures and the obstetric culture of his time. Some authors have claimed that he only translated Abu Kasim-al Zahrawa (Albucasis)'s Al-Tasrif (Textbook of Surgery) and added the illustrations of the surgical techniques. Even if this is accepted, the illustrations are enough to entitle this work as a milestone. In this paper, we describe the contributions of this pioneer in obstetrics and compare his recommendations with the current practice.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Quality assessment in gynecology and obstetrics. Projects and experience in Switzerland.

The first steps in quality assessment of results of performance in gynecology and obstetrics were taken by the Swiss Association of the OB/GYN Clinics of the Swiss Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the 1980's. Currently, medical data of more than 800,000 patients are available, allowing a good comparison of the quality of results. Concerned that purchasing coverage for health services was made exclusively on the basis of cost, resulting in lower public health quality, the Swiss Society of OB/GYN set up a Board of Quality Assessment in 1995. Not only the quality of results, but also the quality of indications, structures and processes are considered by using a modified Donabedian model. Moreover, standardized patient information forms have been worked out for 15 gynecological and five obstetrical operations. Since hysterectomy is the most common major gynecological operation in Switzerland, the evaluation of the quality of the indications is of substantial interest. Guided by the RAND Appropriateness Method, criteria for quality assessment with respect to appropriateness and necessity of hysterectomy have been drawn up. Swiss guidelines and 125 different clinical scenarios are defined by a panel of 22 OB/GYN experts. The aim of this project is to offer an interactive second opinion system, called "Swiss Guidelines for Hysterectomy", and anonymous self-assessment of quality. Appropriateness and necessity of medical procedures have to be defined by medical professionals providing a proper balance between the patient's desires and financial demands.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Epidemiology in obstetrics and gynaecology.

This paper delineates in short the way in which epidemiology and obstetrics and gynaecology could profit from each other's expertise and why. Epidemiology addresses the rates of occurrence in illnesses and their outcomes in relation to potential determinants of these in any realm of medicine. Obstetrics and gynaecology concern themselves with the female reproductive system, notably. Epidemiologic methods are essential to valid research, and obstetrics and gynaecology are essential to valid inference of epidemiologic research.

Epidemiology↗
PubMed1997

Medical statistics in obstetrics and gynaecology.

Statistics are involved in many aspects of obstetrics and gynaecology: measurement and diagnosis, randomized trials, epidemiology, basic biological research, and the compilation of national data. Obstetrics and gynaecology has stimulated advances in statistics, particularly in the construction of centile charts and the development of meta-analysis. This account draws largely on the author's own experience of research in obstetrics and gynaecology.

Epidemiology↗
PubMed2001

[Dural puncture in obstetric analgesia. Epidemiologic features and therapeutic management].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the time of occurrence, circumstances and presenting symptoms of unintentional dural puncture (UDP), the location and intensity of postdural puncture headaches (PDPH), and the efficacy of their treatment by epidural blood-patch (EBP). STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study. PATIENTS: Cases of UDP recorded over a 4-year period in an obstetric anaesthesia unit. METHODS: The following variables were studied: maternal age, weight and height, hour of occurrence and number of puncture attempts, existence of reflux of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the needle, experience of the practitioners, subsequent modalities of obstetrical analgesia, frequency of occurrence, clinical characteristics and therapeutic management of PDPH. In case of EBP, the amount of blood and the efficacy of the procedure were also recorded. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients presented with UDP (0.66%). No reflux of CSF was identified in nine cases. Most UDP occurred at the first or second attempt, usually when performed by a practitioner poorly trained in epidural analgesia in obstetrics. The risk of UDP was higher during night-time work (risk ratio: 3.0; 95% confidence interval: 1.1-8.0; p = 0.04). Subsequent analgesia was provided via the epidural route in 19 cases, subarachnoidal route in one, and intravenous route in one case. PDPH did not develop in two patients. Three patients were given prophylactic EPB, and 16 received curative EBP. A second EBP was required 24 h later in seven patients. One patient developed meralgia paresthetica following EBP. CONCLUSION: In parturients, UDP usually results in PDPH. A rapid and effective treatment is required, mainly EBP. Another EBP is eventually necessary in some patients.

Analgesia, Epidural↗