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PubMedDate not supplied

Uptake rates of thorium progeny in a semiarid environment.

The release rates and transformation processes that influence the mobility, biological uptake, and transfer of radionuclides are essential to the assessment of the health effects in the food chain and ecosystem. This study examined concentrations of 222Th in both soil and vegetation at a closed military training site, Kirtland Air Force Base (KAFB), New Mexico. Brazilian sludge was intentionally introduced into the topsoil in the early 1960s to simulate nuclear weapon accidents. Soil (60) and vegetation (120) samples were collected from 1996 to 2000 and analyzed for radionuclides and progeny. High-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy was used to determine radionuclide activities. The results indicate that the thorium progeny were the predominant contaminant in soil and vegetation. Concentration ratios (CRs) were calculated based on actinium levels.

Desert Climate↗
PubMed2003

Natural selection for salt tolerance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in wild sunflower hybrids: implications for the origin of Helianthus paradoxus, a diploid hybrid species.

For a new diploid or homoploid hybrid species to become established, it must diverge ecologically from parental genotypes. Otherwise the hybrid neospecies will be overcome by gene flow or competition. We initiated a series of experiments designed to understand how the homoploid hybrid species, Helianthus paradoxus, was able to colonize salt marsh habitats, when both of its parental species (H. annuusxH. petiolaris) are salt sensitive. Here, we report on the results of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of mineral ion uptake traits and survivorship in 172 BC2 hybrids between H. annuus and H. petiolaris that were planted in H. paradoxus salt marsh habitat in New Mexico. A total of 14 QTLs were detected for mineral ion uptake traits and three for survivorship. Several mineral ion QTLs mapped to the same position as the survivorship QTLs, confirming previous studies, which indicated that salt tolerance in Helianthus is achieved through increased Ca uptake, coupled with greater exclusion of Na and related mineral ions. Of greater general significance was the observation that QTLs with effects in opposing directions were found for survivorship and for all mineral ion uptake traits with more than one detected QTL. This genetic architecture provides an ideal substrate for rapid ecological divergence in hybrid neospecies and offers a simple explanation for the colonization of salt marsh habitats by H. paradoxus. Finally, selection coefficients of +0.126, -0.084 and -0.094 for the three survivorship QTLs, respectively, are sufficiently large to account for establishment of new, homoploid hybrid species.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMed1995

Use of smokeless tobacco by Mexican-American high school students.

A survey of 208 girls and 191 boys attending a public high school in southwestern New Mexico was conducted to examine students' use of smokeless tobacco products. One Mexican-American girl identified herself as a user of chewing tobacco. Of the boys 8% (17) indicated that they used chewing tobacco and 7% (15) reported that they dipped snuff. 6% (12) indicated use of both snuff and chewing tobacco. The boys included 153 Mexican-Americans of whom 7% used smokeless tobacco and 26 Anglo-Americans of whom 34% were users.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

"You can't do that 'round here": a case study of the introduction of medical abortion care at a University Medical Center.

Mifepristone medical abortion was introduced in 2002 into the University of New Mexico Medical Center clinic system through a joint effort of the departments of Family Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology. A stepwise approach to the integration of medical abortion, manual vacuum uterine aspiration, and first trimester obstetric ultrasound was successful in overcoming a series of educational, political, economic and logistical challenges. The integration of medial abortion care into resident training in FM and Ob/Gyn may expand access to reproductive services in primary care settings.

Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal↗
PubMed2005

Strain distribution of alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in an intergrade zone.

Strain distribution for the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), was determined for the five major alfalfa-growing regions of New Mexico. Mitochondrial DNA from field-collected weevils at each location was digested and sequenced to differentiate among strains. Eastern, Egyptian, and western strains were recovered, along with a population not matching any known strain. The majority of sites examined had populations of two strains intermingled within a field. This is the first confirmation of the presence of all three strains within the same geographic region. Possible implications for alfalfa weevil management are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Astigmatism in Zuni and Navajo indians.

Data provided by a practicing optometrist in Gallup, New Mexico indicate a greater than expected frequency of astigmatism among first- and second-grade Zuni and Navajo Indian children. Zuni children displayed a greater frequency of high astigmatism (3.00 D) than Navajo children. In an effort to understand the etiology of this prevalence of high astigmatism, a study of corneal astigmatism in 22 Zuni families was undertaken. The results suggest both genetic and environmental causes. A very high frequency of albinism was also observed among the Zuni.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Survey return rates as a function of priority versus first-class mailing.

Prior research indicates survey procedures that signal significance and individualized mailings have higher response rates. Thus, it was hypothesized that surveys delivered via Priority mail would result in higher return rates than surveys delivered via First-Class. 260 surveys were sent to individuals randomly selected from lists of licensed physical and behavioral healthcare providers in Alaska and New Mexico. Half of the selected individuals were assigned randomly to receive mailings using Priority mail, the other half received First-Class mailings. Return rate was 39% for First-Class and 35% for Priority. Z tests of proportion indicated no statistically significant differences between methods. Given increased costs with no resultant increase in response rate, sending surveys to potential participants via Priority mail does not appear warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Wound infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus, a marine vibrio, in inland areas of the United States.

Vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic marine vibrio which may produce infection in wounds exposed to seawater or raw shellfish. The Centers for Disease Control has received two isolates from wounds exposed to inland waters, a New Mexico creek and an Oklahoma reservoir. Halophilic organisms were recovered from both the creek and the reservoir, and the water in both sites was found to be brackish. Both clinical isolates of V. vulnificus grew in salt concentrations as low as those found in the creek and reservoir. These cases illustrate the potential for pathogenic halophilic Vibrio species to live in brackish inland waters and produce infections in patients living in inland areas of the United States.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The Latin American Social Medicine database.

BACKGROUND: Public health practitioners and researchers for many years have been attempting to understand more clearly the links between social conditions and the health of populations. Until recently, most public health professionals in English-speaking countries were unaware that their colleagues in Latin America had developed an entire field of inquiry and practice devoted to making these links more clearly understood. The Latin American Social Medicine (LASM) database finally bridges this previous gap. DESCRIPTION: This public health informatics case study describes the key features of a unique information resource intended to improve access to LASM literature and to augment understanding about the social determinants of health. This case study includes both quantitative and qualitative evaluation data. Currently the LASM database at The University of New Mexico http://hsc.unm.edu/lasm brings important information, originally known mostly within professional networks located in Latin American countries to public health professionals worldwide via the Internet. The LASM database uses Spanish, Portuguese, and English language trilingual, structured abstracts to summarize classic and contemporary works. CONCLUSION: This database provides helpful information for public health professionals on the social determinants of health and expands access to LASM.

Databases, Bibliographic↗
PubMed1982

Peripatetic plague.

Cases of plague continue to occur in various parts of the world, including the western United States, where plague is endemic among the wild rodent population. In 1980, a case of plague acquired in New Mexico and hospitalized in Nebraska illustrated the problem of plague occurring in persons traveling from the state in which they become infected to another state. Nine cases of plague in travelers were identified among the 166 cases of plague reported in the United States from 1950 to 1980. Physicians should be aware of natural plague foci in the western United States and should obtain a travel history from patients with an illness clinically compatible with plague.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

Trends in time to completion of mammographic screening and follow-up services.

OBJECTIVE: The popular press has raised questions about mammographic capacity in the United States, but mammographic utilization data have not been used to inform these concerns. We used data for the period 1995-2002 from the New Mexico Mammography Project to assess trends in time to completion of mammographic screening and follow-up services. CONCLUSION: The median time to return mammographic screening changed little over time, but trends in the time required to complete recommended follow-up services varied by type of service and urban or rural residence. Further monitoring of time required to complete screening and follow-up services in other regions can inform debates on mammographic capacity.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Using the case method to develop clinical reasoning skills in problem-based learning.

Clinical reasoning is increasingly recognized as a crucial component of the occupational therapy process. Different types of clinical reasoning used by occupational therapists have been identified, including scientific, procedural, interactive, narrative, conditional, and pragmatic reasoning. This article describes the use of the case method in the University of New Mexico undergraduate occupational therapy curriculum to facilitate development of occupational therapy students' problem-solving and reasoning abilities. The case method is a component of problem-based learning that emphasizes small group work to solve clinical problems that are presented as case studies. Students are presented with a variety of case formulas including paper or written cases, videotape cases, simulated client cases, and real client cases to promote the development of specific types of clinical reasoning. Problem-based learning may also hold promise as an educational strategy for fieldwork students and clinicians.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1988

An epidemic of intravenous narcoticism deaths associated with the resurgence of black tar heroin.

In the latter part of 1985, a dramatic rise in the number of illicit narcotic (heroin) related deaths in the State of New Mexico became apparent, and this increase persisted through the majority of the following year. A careful inspection of samples of narcotics found at the scenes of death, coupled with changes in the illicit drug traffic detected by local and state law enforcement agencies, revealed that the rising death rate corresponded with the distinctively increased availability of a form of heroin that is produced in Mexico, commonly termed "black tar" heroin. An analysis of heroin deaths, comparing characteristics of cumulative deaths in the six years before the increase with those deaths associated with the apparent epidemic, revealed several significant observations. These factors, along with the distinctive physical features of black tar heroin, suggest that the rise in the narcotic abuse death rate may be related to both unfamiliarity with this type of heroin on the part of the user and the inherent difficulty of diluting nonpowdered forms of the drug to sublethal levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Animal bites as an occupational hazard among animal control officers.

One hundred-and-two full-time animal control officers (ACOs) in New Mexico were surveyed to learn about animal bite risks in this little-studied occupational group. The overall bite rate was 2.57 per working-year (175-500 times population-based rate estimates). A "high risk" ACO subset (seven officers involved in 67 per cent of bite incidents) was discovered. Evaluation of animal bite data can contribute to prevention of occupational injuries among the estimated 10,000 full-time ACOs in this country.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A pseudo-outbreak of influenza A associated with use of laboratory stock strain.

In November 1982, when influenza type A(H3N2) viruses were spreading in the United States, influenza A(H1N1) viruses were reportedly isolated from 10 hospitalized patients in New Mexico, only two of whom had influenza-like illnesses. Reference stock influenza A/Fort Monmouth (FM)/1/47(H1N1) virus had been used to prepare fluorescent antibody test slides in the laboratory reporting the isolates. After investigation, it was concluded that the isolates from the patients' cultures were a result of laboratory contamination. When an unexpected cluster of unusual virus isolates is reported, the possibility of laboratory contamination should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

High-fluoride drinking water, fluorosis, and dental caries in adults.

This study measures the prevalence and distribution of dental fluorosis and coronal caries in lifelong adult residents of two New Mexico communities. One community has a natural fluoride concentration of approximately 0.7 mg/L in its drinking water, optimum for the climate, and the water of the other community is naturally fluoridated at approximately 3.5 mg/L, five times optimum. The differences between the communities in amounts of dental fluorosis and any reduced susceptibility to dental caries associated with higher levels of fluorosis, particularly in molars, the teeth most susceptible to decay, are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The emergency physician's role in injury prevention.

New Mexico's successful campaign in establishing seat belt legislation is described, as is a unique program of alcohol and substance abuse prevention based in the emergency department. Results of a local study investigating hospital and emergency department costs of victims injured in automobile crashes are presented. A strategy is proposed that encourages joint efforts to influence public opinion and awareness, support necessary legislation, develop epidemiologic and intervention research, and encourage emergency medicine practitioners to act as a clearing house for outreach and prevention activities.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Statistical sensitivity for detection of spatial and temporal patterns in rodent population densities.

A long-term monitoring program begun 1 year after the epidemic of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the U.S. Southwest tracked rodent density changes through time and among sites and related these changes to hantavirus infection rates in various small-mammal reservoir species and human disease outbreaks. We assessed the statistical sensitivity of the program's field design and tested for potential biases in population estimates due to unintended deaths of rodents. Analyzing data from two sites in New Mexico from 1994 to 1998, we found that for many species of Peromyscus, Reithrodontomys, Neotoma, Dipodomys, and Perognathus, the monitoring program detected species-specific spatial and temporal differences in rodent densities; trap-related deaths did not significantly affect long-term population estimates. The program also detected a short-term increase in rodent densities in the winter of 1997-98, demonstrating its usefulness in identifying conditions conducive to increased risk for human disease.

Analysis of Variance↗