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PubMed1996

The role of interdigitation in sagittal growth of the maxillomandibular complex in Macaca fascicularis.

The role of the interdigitation of posterior teeth in maxillomandibular growth and development was studied longitudinally in Macaca fascicularis monkeys. Fourteen monkeys were divided into a control group (n = 7) and an experimental group (n = 7). At the start of the study, the mean age of the animals was 29 weeks. At that stage the interdigitation in the experimental group was eliminated by grinding the cusps of the molars and canines. The animals were followed until 143 weeks of age and studied with the aid of tantalum implants and lateral radiographs. The findings indicated that elimination of the interdigitation resulted in a deviating anteroposterior relationship between the jaws and a significant inhibition of the vertical growth of the maxilla in the second half of the experimental period, while total face height was not noticeably affected. As a result, a more prognathic mandible and a more mesial occlusion developed. It can be concluded that the interdigitation plays a role in the regulation of vertical and anteroposterior facial growth and constitutes an important factor in the jaw relation in Macaca fascicularis monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The growth of articular eminence height during craniofacial growth period.

This study was done to study the growth of the articular eminence height during the postnatal craniofacial growth period. Ninety (90) skulls were divided into three equal groups, named A, B, and C. The A group belonged to individuals showing deciduous dentition, the B group showed mixed dentition, and the C group permanent dentition. The skulls were stabilized so that the FH plane was really horizontal. This was assured using a common facial bow, inserted into the acoustic meatuses and the infraorbital foramen, and a common water-level device. Using a silicone type impression material, impressions were taken of all temporal fossae. Special care was taken in order that the base of the materials was parallel to the FH plane. After setting, the impression was removed and a common eggslicer was used to cut the material into sections of 2.5 mm each. The three middle sections were removed, photocopied with a common photocopy machine, enlarged to a 200% scale and the height of the eminentia were measured by using an electronic caliper. The mean of the three calculations was reduced to its normal value, and was tabulated for each eminence. The study concluded that the articular eminence height grows at a very high rate until the age of seven (the period of deciduous dentition, development, and function), almost stops until the age of eleven (the period of mixed dentition), and acquires the rest of its height by the age of 20. This growth plan more nearly approximates the somatic or the general growth curve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Functional morphology of the maxillo-mandibular apparatus in the miniature swine MINI-LEWE. 11. Discussion of the findings of the metric studies and dentition (conclusion)].

The graphs showing the dimensions and angles of the skull and jaw indicate that postnatal development trends are basically uniform. Comparison with the Vietnamese miniature pig shows that the miniature pig MINI-LEWE has a longer skull. Postnatal skull growth is accompanied by a distinct shift in proportions. The sequence of dentition if broadly identical to that of the domestic pig and the Pitmann-Moore miniature pig.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

The angle between the Frankfort horizontal and the sella-nasion line. Changes in porion and orbitale position during growth.

AIM: The starting point of this study was the statement made in the literature that the angle between the two reference planes Frankfort horizontal (FH) and sella-nasion line (SN) changes relatively little during growth. The growth-induced relocation of the orbitale (Or; anterior reference point of the FH) in relation to SN is known from implant studies, whereas the relocation of the porion (Po; posterior reference point of the FH) has been the subject of only little research. The present study was aimed at analyzing the factors contributing to the almost constant angle between FH and SN. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study material consisted of two groups of macerated skulls and the relevant lateral cephalograms. The first group comprised 32 skulls of individuals aged 2.5 to 5 years, and the second group ten skulls of individuals aged 18 to 20 years. A diagram showing the growth-dependent changes was prepared with reference to the mean values for the two groups. The cephalograms were superimposed on the anterior cranial base line at sella point (S). RESULTS: A 3.1 degrees increase in the angle between FH and SN during growth was recorded in our investigations. The distance between Or and SN increased by 3.9 mm while Po remained vertically almost constant with respect to SN. In sagittal direction the distance between Or and S also increased, while Po was displaced to almost the same extent in the opposite direction. The increasing vertical distance between the anterior and posterior reference points of FH and SN was largely compensated by the sagittal developments of the reference points Po and Or, so that the angle between these two planes changed very little. The relatively stable angle between FH and SN thus showed by no means a constant relationship of the four reference points to one another.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Pseudo-Class III malocclusion treatment with Balters' Bionator.

The aim of this article is to show the use of the Balters' Bionator in pseudo-Class III treatment. The importance of differentiating between true Class III and pseudo-Class III is emphasized. The therapeutic results of a Balters' Bionator appliance are presented in three case reports of subjects in the mixed dentition. In this stage of development it is possible to correct an isolated problem. The use of the Bionator III in this kind of malocclusion enabled the correction of a dental malocclusion in a few months and therapeutic stability of a mesially-positioned mandible encouraging favourable skeletal growth.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1998

Dynamic interactions and the evolutionary genetics of dental patterning.

The mammalian dentition is a segmental, or periodically arranged, organ system whose components are arrayed in specific number and in regionally differentiated locations along the linear axes of the jaws. This arrangement evolved from simpler dentitions comprised of many single-cusp teeth of relatively indeterminate number. The different types of mammalian teeth have subsequently evolved as largely independent units. The experimentally documented developmental autonomy of dental primordia shows that the basic dental pattern is established early in embryogenesis. An understanding of how genetic patterning processes may work must be consistent with the different modes of development, and partially independent evolution, of the upper and lower dentition in mammals. The periodic nature of the location, number, and morphological structure of teeth suggests that processes involving the quantitative interaction of diffusible signaling factors may be involved. Several extracellular signaling molecules and their interactions have been identified that may be responsible for locating teeth along the jaws and for the formation of the incisor field. Similarly, the wavelike expression of signaling factors within developing teeth suggests that dynamic interactions among those factors may be responsible for crown patterns. These factors seem to be similar among different tooth types, but the extent to which crown differences can be explained strictly in terms of variation in the parameters of interactions among the same genes, as opposed to tooth-type-specific combinatorial codes of gene expression, is not yet known. There is evidence that combinatorial expression of intracellular transcription factors, including homeobox gene families, may establish domains within the jaws in which different tooth types are able to develop. An evolutionary perspective can be important for our understanding of dental patterning and the designing of appropriate experimental approaches, but dental patterns also raise basic unresolved questions about the nature of the evolutionary assumptions made in developmental genetics.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Zonarc panoramic X-rays of the human TMJ in different stages of development].

21 human skulls in various stages of development were evaluated with the radiological equipment "Zonarc". The following projections were used: DENT program (OPG), JLA (special) program (TMJ-S program), JSA program (TMJ-PA program). The positioning of the skulls as well as the correct adjustment of the equipment have been described on the basis of this investigation. The quality of reproduction of the skeletal tissue is discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

[The necessity for logopedic-orthodontic cooperation for speech and dental development in children with clefts].

Children with cheilognathopalatoschisis exhibit a peculiar specificity of speech. The present paper deals with studies on the position of the tongue at rest, the type of respiration, the functions of the lips and the position of the tongue on articulating sounds at the second site of articulation in 35 patients with cheilognathopalatoschisis. The results obtained testify to the necessity for logopaedic orthodontic co-operation.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Morphological differences in the craniofacial structure between Japanese and Caucasian girls with Class II Division 1 malocclusions.

The craniofacial features of 49 Japanese and 75 British Caucasian girls with Class II division 1 malocclusions were evaluated from lateral cephalometric radiographs, and the morphological differences between both races were examined. The subjects' ages ranged from 11 years 1 month to 12 years 11 months. The mean values of 13 linear and 13 angular cephalometric parameters were compared. The Japanese Class II division 1 sample had a significantly shorter anterior cranial base length (S-N; P < 0.001) and a more obtuse articular angle (S-Ar-Go; P < 0.001). Analysis of the dentoalveolar components in Japanese subjects showed more proclined lower incisors (L1/Go-Me; P < 0.05) and a steeper occlusal plane (Occ.P/S-N; P < 0.01) relative to those of Caucasians. The short anterior cranial base length and excessive vertical development in the Japanese population might be common racial morphological features, but the main reason for the Class II division 1 skeletal disharmony in both races was different; it was caused by the anteriorly positioned maxilla in Caucasians and the backward rotated mandible in the Japanese.

Asian People↗
PubMed2004

How should postoperative palatal contraction be inhibited following palatoplasty? Dental arch development due to artificial antimolding action and natural molding action: clinical trial.

Push back palatoplasty induces postoperative contraction and collapse of the dental arch. To inhibit collapse, 2 kinds of intersegment fixation plate, segment yoking plates, were applied. In one method, the segments were fixed with a resin plate onto the mucoperiosteal flap by 2 screws to fix palatal bone for 6 months (PB resin group, number of patients = 11). In the other method, the segments were fixed with a titanium plate by 2 screws onto the palatal bone under the mucoperiosteal flap until 4 years of age (PB titanium group, n = 10). Operation by conventional push back palatoplasty (PB Group, n = 25) was used as a control. Consecutive plaster models were measured by 3-dimensional laser scanner from at palatoplasty up to 4 years of age. In the PB resin group, the anticontraction effect worked only at the early postoperative stage. At 4 years of age, the narrowest intercanine width due to segment rotation caused by medial shift of the cleft side canine point and lateral shift of the cleft side tuberosity point was observed. As a result, a V-shaped dental arch developed. In the PB titanium group, the widest intercanine width due to a rigid anticontraction effect was observed at 4 years of age. Three push back methods demonstrated different arch morphologies due to each rigidity of the plate.

Cleft Palate↗
PubMed2000

Age prediction based on skeletal morphology.

Treatment plan for a child requires a complete diagnosis with monitoring of the skeleto-dental morphological changes during active period of growth. Growth modifications are done while the forces of growth are still at the peak of activity in a developing child. This study was undertaken on lateral cephalograms of 100 North Indian samples in the age group of 9-12 years consisting of 50 males and 50 females divided into normal occlusion and malocclusion groups, to predict and assess age by evaluating the skeleto-dental morphology in developing normal children having flush terminal plane molar relationship and children with developing class II pattern. It was concluded that based on measurements used in the study of dentofacial morphology, the age of a child could be statistically determined.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed1977

[Pair comparison of the jaw development in monozygotic twins].

Investigations of the development of the dentition and skeletal patterns in 14 pairs of monozygotic twins for approximately 10 years are the basis of a pair comparison. Following the measurements of the plaster casts and the cephalometric radiographs we can state, that in this group of identical twins there are small intra-pair variations.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1991

Growth and development in orthodontics.

Growth and development comprise the infrastructure of clinical diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics. The two current key issues have been growth prediction and growth stimulation induced by functional appliances. The stability of results in orthodontics and in the combined orthognathic-orthodontic treatment modality are likewise linked to growth and development. Changes in the untreated dentition after the permanent teeth are present in the mouth provide another important frame of reference for the clinician. The hazards of cephalometric analysis when relying on intracranial reference lines has recently captured a wave of attention, and if comprehended, should revitalize cephalometrics in clinical practice and in research.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1991

Tooth crown heights, tooth wear, sexual dimorphism and jaw growth in hominoids.

The aim of this review is to bring together data that link tooth morphology with tooth function and tooth growth: We aim to show how the microanatomy of hominoid teeth is providing evidence about rates of tooth growth that are likely to be a consequence of both masticatory strategy and social behaviour. First, we present data about incisor and molar tooth wear in wild short chimpanzees that demonstrate how crown heights are likely to be related to relative tooth use in a broad sense. Following this we review recent studies that describe the microanatomy of hominoid tooth enamel and show how these studies are providing evidence about tooth crown formation times in hominoids, as well as improving estimates for the age at death of certain juvenile fossil hominids. Next, we outline what is known about the mechanisms of tooth growth in the sexually dimorphic canine teeth of chimpanzees and compare these patterns of growth with tooth growth patterns in the canines of three fossil hominids from Laetoli, Tanzania. Finally, we discuss how selection pressures that operate to increase or reduce the size of anterior teeth interact with jaw size. We argue that the space available to grow developing teeth in the mandibles of juvenile hominoids is determined by the growth patterns of the mandibles, which in turn reflect masticatory strategy. The consequences of selection pressure to grow large or small anterior teeth are likely to be reflected in the times at which these teeth are able to emerge into occlusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[The dentofacial complex in hormonal treatment for growth retardation].

The greater availability of growth hormone (GH) and the increasing knowledge of growth hormone physiology have led to a wider application of growth hormone treatment. GH is approved for use in the treatment of pituitary deficiency syndromes and, when properly administered at an early stage, is capable of inducing normal skeletal and muscular development. It has also been successfully used to augment growth in patients with Turner syndrome and the effect on the abnormal craniofacial skeleton of these patients is favourable. The not yet generally approved indications for GH therapy are small children after intrauterine growth retardation, patients with renal insufficiency and patients with osteoporosis. Research is done on effects and possible side-effects into different systems e.g. the craniofacial complex. Dentists and orthodontists who treat growth retarded patients must realize that most of these children have a delay in dentofacial development and in dental maturation and that the facial proportions can be thoroughly different from normal patients. The effect of GH therapy on the craniofacial complex and the dental maturation must also be taken into consideration while planning orthodontic or dental treatment.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Histological aspects of the sagittal intermaxillary suture at different stages of development].

The Authors examined the histological structure of the midpalatal suture in seven individuals: two of the cases were foetuses, the others were children at the age of one day to two years. In the embryos and in the newborn children the suture was observed to be rather large and straight, while its width decreased with age. Moreover, no change in direction was observed, and the osteoblasts decreased in number.

Fetus↗
PubMed2005

Evolutionary innovation in the vertebrate jaw: A derived morphology in anuran tadpoles and its possible developmental origin.

The mouthparts of anuran tadpoles are highly derived compared to those of caecilians or salamanders. The suprarostral cartilages support the tadpole's upper beak; the infrarostral cartilages support the lower beak. Both supra- and infrarostral cartilages are absent in other vertebrates. These differences reflect the evolutionary origin of a derived feeding mode in anuran tadpoles. We suggest that these unique cartilages stem from the evolution of new articulations within preexisting cartilages, rather than novel cartilage condensations. We propose testing this hypothesis through a search for similarities in the development of the suprarostral and infrarostral cartilage articulations and of the primary jaw joint. In Xenopus, the gene zax is expressed in a region corresponding to the infrarostral cartilage. This gene is related to the bapx1-gene, which regulates jaw joint development. Further investigation of these genes, as well as other genes with joint-related functions, in anuran craniofacial development may provide a connection between the morphological diversity seen in the vertebrate head and the corresponding diversity in genetic regulatory processes. We believe that the evolution of larval jaws in anurans may shed light on the general evolutionary mechanisms of how new articulations, not only in the jaw region, could have arisen in the vertebrate skull.

Animals↗