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PubMed2002

Mitoxantrone and methotrexate chemotherapy with and without mitomycin C in the regional treatment of locally advanced breast cancer.

Fifty patients with locally advanced breast cancer received regional chemotherapy delivered angiographically via the internal mammary artery and varying vessels supplying the lateral aspect of the breast. Thirty three patients received mitomycin C, methotrexate and mitoxantrone, and 17 patients received methotrexate and mitoxantrone only. There was no significant difference in clinical response between the two groups. However, in patients who received mitomycin C, severe local skin toxicity occurred in nine patients resulting in delay of further therapy and considerable morbidity. Mitomycin C should not be administered regionally in patients with locally advanced breast cancer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Induction chemotherapy employing dose-intense cisplatin with mitomycin and vinblastine (MVP400), followed by thoracic surgery or irradiation, for patients with stage III nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy before surgery or irradiation has improved the survival of patients with Stage III nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Encouraged by earlier results with preoperative MVP (cisplatin [120 mg/m(2) or 25 mg/m(2)/week], vinblastine, and mitomycin) for Stage IIIA patients with clinically apparent mediastinal (N2) disease, the authors conducted a Phase II trial of the safety and efficacy of induction MVP400 with the dose intensity of cisplatin doubled from 25 to 50 mg/m(2) per week. METHODS: From October 1992 to March 1996, 37 patients with Stage IIIA (26) or Stage IIIB (11) NSCLC began the MVP400 induction chemotherapy program. Four doses of cisplatin (100 mg/m(2)), 7 doses of vinblastine, and 2 doses of mitomycin were given over 9 weeks. Patients received either surgery or irradiation after induction treatment. RESULTS: Overall, the response rate was 65% (95% confidence interval, 49-81%) with a complete resection rate of 67%. The median survival was 17 months, with 66% of patients alive at 1 year. Complete resection and Stage IIIA involvement were favorable prognostic indicators for survival. No Stage IIIB patients underwent a complete resection. Myelosuppression was the most common side effect. There were no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Although high response and complete resection rates were again demonstrated, results with the MVP400 regimen were not improved over those achieved with MVP regimen tested earlier with Stage IIIA (N2) patients. The authors continue to recommend MVP as an induction chemotherapy regimen for clinical trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Mitomycin C and vinblastine chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer.

Mitomycin C, 20 mg/m2 day 1, and vinblastine, 0.15 mg/m2 days 1 and 21, were administered intravenously to 31 patients with refractory previously treated advanced breast cancer. Courses were repeated every six to eight weeks when adequate hematologic recovery permitted. Thirty of the 31 patients were evaluable; one had a complete response and 11 had a partial response. Four patients had stabilization of their disease. There was a 12/30 (40%) response rate with a median response duration of 127 days (range 69--412 days). Toxicity included moderate to severe myelosuppression, infections, hemorrhage, neurologic symptoms, pulmonary toxicity and mucositis. In previously treated patients with poor prognoses, the combination of mitomycin C and vinblastine appears to be a worthwhile secondary treatment for metastatic breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Bleomycin-mitomycin C in advanced carcinoma of the cervix. A third look.

Thirty-three patients with advanced cervical cancer (31 squamous cancer, two adenosquamous cancer) previously untreated with cytotoxic drugs, were treated with bleomycin, 5 mg daily, for seven days and mitomycin C, 10 mg, on day 8. This regimen was repeated four times at two-week intervals. All but one patient had previously been treated with radiotherapy; 36% of the patients had an objective response (five complete remission (CR), median duration 12 months; seven partial remission (PR), median duration six months). Severe myelosuppression occurred in nine patients. One drug-related death due to thrombocytopenia occurred. Three patients developed pulmonary fibrosis and one of them died of respiratory failure. The bleomycin-mitomycin C regimen has a definite but clearly limited effect in advanced cancer of the uterine cervix.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Mitomycin C extravasation injuries.

Mitomycin C extravasation produces a chronic painful ulceration similar to that of adriamycin. Pain marks the extravasation of this chemotherapeutic agent when it occurs. A complaint of pain during mitomycin administration should prompt immediate cessation of infusion and regular frequent follow-up. Ulceration may not appear for one to two weeks after initial injury. Wide local excision with subsequent split thickness skin grafting is recommended.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Randomized trial of 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C with or without streptozotocin for advanced pancreatic cancer. A Southwest Oncology Group study.

A prospective randomized trial comparing streptozotocin, mitomycin C, and 5-FU (SMF) with mitomycin C and 5-FU (MF) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer was performed. In patients with measurable disease the response rates were 34% (19/56) to SMF, and 8% (5/60) to MF (P = 0.009). Median survivals were similar, however, 18 versus 17 weeks (P = 0.356). Median survival of patients responding to chemotherapy was 33 weeks, and for nonresponders it was 17 weeks (P = 0.002). In patients with nonmeasurable disease, median survivals were 21 weeks (SMF) and 18 weeks (MF) (P = 0.797). Patients surviving greater than or equal to 48 weeks, however, appeared to be increased in the SMF arm (14 patients) compared to the MF (7 patients). Toxicity was moderate for both regimens, with SMF having greater gastrointestinal and renal toxicity. Chemotherapy with SMF appears to produce objective responses in patients with pancreatic cancer, but does not improve survival compared to MF.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Skin rash following therapy with mitomycin C.

A 39-year-old man developed a widespread pruritic vesicular rash 1 week following the second course of treatment with mitomycin C plus doxorubicin for carcinoma of unknown origin. Skin rash is an uncommon complication of treatment with mitomycin C, and the frequency of its occurrence may be increased when the drug is given in combination with other cytotoxic agents.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Adriamycin (doxorubicin), vinblastine, and mitomycin C combination chemotherapy in refractory breast carcinoma.

Twenty-seven evaluable patients with refractory, metastatic breast carcinoma were treated with Adriamycin (doxorubicin) 30 mg/m2 and vinblastine 6 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 28 every 8 weeks, and mitomycin C 10 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 every 8 weeks (AVM). There were three complete and six partial responses for a total response rate of 33%. In addition, 2 patients had minimal responses, and 10 patients achieved disease stabilization. Median time to disease progression for responders was 116 days (range, 49-812+ days). Drug toxicity was tolerable: 12 patients (44%) experienced significant bone marrow suppression. There were no drug-related deaths. Although AVM appears to be an active drug combination in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic breast carcinoma, the contribution of vinblastine and mitomycin C to single agent Adriamycin in previously treated patients is not clear from this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Combination chemotherapy with mitomycin C, methotrexate, cisplatin, and vinblastine in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

The combination of mitomycin C, methotrexate, cisplatin, and vinblastine was administered to 45 patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. Thirty-nine patients satisfied criteria for assessment of response to chemotherapy. All patients had a performance status of greater than 50%, had evaluable disease, and had not received previous chemotherapy. The overall response rate was 54% with responses seen in 12 of 19 squamous cell, 8 of 16 adenocarcinoma, and 1 of 4 undifferentiated large cell lung cancer patients. Median survival was increased by 3 months in those patients with an objective response to chemotherapy. Drug-associated toxicity was rare, but apparent mitomycin C-related pulmonary fibrosis was observed in two patients. This four-drug combination was shown to be an active regimen in the treatment of non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Mitomycin C and vindesine associated pulmonary toxicity with variable clinical expression.

A patient receiving mitomycin and vindesine chemotherapy for lung cancer developed abrupt onset of shortness of breath following vindesine administration. Pulmonary function tests both before and after rechallenging him with vindesine showed an acute obstructive pattern, which resolved with bronchodilator therapy; persisting lung damage was evident by arterial blood gas analysis. A record review of the 126 patients placed on the same chemotherapy regimen uncovered an additional 6 patients with possible lung toxicity. These seven patients (5.5%) had a variable clinical picture, from acute, reversible shortness of breath temporally related to vindesine administration to a progressive, fatal interstitial infiltrate. Physicians administering the combination of mitomycin and a vinca alkaloid should be aware of potential lung toxicity with variable clinical expression and be prepared to take appropriate action should they encounter it.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1985

Palliation of pelvic recurrence of colorectal cancer with intra-arterial 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin.

Twenty-one patients with inoperable colon cancer in the pelvis were treated with intra-arterial 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C, given bilaterally into the internal iliac arteries. Seventeen of the 21 patients had failed previous radiation therapy and 15 had also failed systemic intravenous chemotherapy. Eighteen of the 21 patients received intra-arterial treatments because of pelvic pain. Effect of this treatment on the pain could be evaluated in 16 patients. A measurable decrease in pain medication occurred in 8 of 16, whereas a subjective feeling of pain relief was observed in 12 of 16 patients for a mean period of 3.5 months. However, objective tumor response was considered definite only if associated with a greater than 50% decline of an elevated plasma carcinoembryonic antigen level; this was observed in 5 of 11 patients (45%). Reduction in tumor mass as measured by imaging techniques was observed in two of ten patients in whom it was evaluable. Improvement in hydronephrosis was observed in five of seven evaluable patients. Hematuria was present in 12 patients and improved in 10 of those patients. The most significant side effect of chemotherapy was perineal and gluteal skin erythema, which was observed in 36% of the patients after the first course and in 24% during the second course. This frequently escalated to cutaneous vesiculation and desquamation. This side effect was prevented by concurrent administration of steroids. Pelvic arterial infusion of 5-FU and mitomycin C can offer temporary pain relief to patients who have failed other means of therapy. Objective antitumor effects may have also resulted but were much harder to assess in this group of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Vindesine and mitomycin C in chemotherapy: refractory advanced breast cancer.

Thirty-five unselected postmenopausal women with metastatic breast carcinoma, refractory to hormonal manipulation and/or chemotherapy, were treated with vindesine (3 mg/m2 day 1, then weekly for 6 weeks, then every other week) and mitomycin (12 mg/m2 day 1, then every 6 weeks). Thirty-one patients were evaluable for response. Two patients obtained a complete response (CR), three patients a partial response. Duration of the response in the two patients with CR was 24 and 16 months, respectively. Toxicity was mild, consisting of leukopenia and neurologic toxicity. Thrombocytopenia was not a significant clinical problem. Vindesine with mitomycin C, as administered in this study, is a safe, but marginally effective regimen for previously treated patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Prognostic significance of urine cytology on initial follow-up after intravesical mitomycin C for superficial bladder cancer.

Seventy patients were given courses of intravesical mitomycin C for residual transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder following partial resection or biopsy. The patients were reassessed 3 months after the initiation of treatment by cystoscopy and cytology from cystoscopic urines and bladder washings. Twelve had no visible cancer at cystoscopic study but had positive urine cytologic findings. The incidence of tumor recurrence, cystectomy, radiotherapy, and deaths due to bladder cancer for this group of cytologically positive partial responders was analyzed. Thirty-three percent (4/12) required cystectomy, none underwent radiation therapy and none died of bladder cancer. These outcomes were compared with that of complete responders (negative cystoscopic and cytologic results) and partial responders with visible tumor (reduction by greater than 50%). We conclude that in high-grade carcinomas, particularly carcinoma in situ, positive urine cytologic findings at the initial 3-month follow-up visit following treatment with intravesical mitomycin C is as ominous a prognostic indicator as endoscopic or biopsy evidence of cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Mitomycin C-induced sister chromatid exchanges in vivo and in vivo/in vitro in mice and Chinese hamsters.

Mouse and Chinese hamster models have been extensively used for assessing the cytogenetic effects of environmental carcinogens and mutagens. However, there is little information on comparative analysis of chromosomal damage in these species under in vivo and in vivo/in vitro (culturing of cells from animals exposed to the test compound) systems. To obtain such information, mice and Chinese hamsters were injected with varying concentrations (0.5-6.0 mg/kg) of mitomycin C, an antineoplastic drug. The bone marrow and spleen cells were analyzed for the number of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) under in vivo and in vivo/in vitro conditions. The results indicated a dose-related SCE response that varied with species, tissues, and assay conditions. The mouse cells appeared more sensitive to the effects of mitomycin C than did Chinese hamster cells. In general, the SCE frequencies were relatively higher under in vivo conditions than under in vivo/in vitro conditions in both species. The spleen cells had higher SCE values than bone marrow cells under in vivo/in vitro conditions in both species. These differences may be related to the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug in different species and tissues, to treatment conditions, or to the repair capabilities of the cells. This study also indicates the usefulness of recently established bone marrow and spleen in vivo/in vitro cell cultures for comparative cytogenetic analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Sister chromatid exchange induced by short-lived monoadducts produced by the bifunctional agents mitomycin C and 8-methoxypsoralen.

To see if DNA crosslinks are involved in the induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE), Chinese hamster ovary cells were exposed to two bifunctional alkylating agents, mitomycin C and 8-methoxypsoralen, and their monofunctional derivatives, decarbamoyl mitomycin C and angelicin. The data indicate that monoadducts, rather than crosslinks, are responsible for SCE formation. Furthermore, all agents but angelicin produced short-lived lesions that led to SCEs in the first period of DNA replication after treatment (twin SCEs), but not in the second (single SCEs). In contrast, angelicin, like methyl methanesulfonate and N-acetoxyacetylaminofluorene, produced lesions that lasted more than one cycle, indicating that several different types of DNA lesions are capable of SCE induction.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Synergism of cisplatin and mitomycin C in sensitive and resistant cell subpopulations of a tumor model.

Cisplatin is a widely-used anti-neoplastic agent with activity against a broad spectrum of human solid tumors. It is, however, seldom curative as a single agent. In an in vitro tumor model system, V79 spheroids, the non-cycling, hypoxic cell subpopulations are most resistant to cisplatin, suggesting that combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and a drug which preferentially killed hypoxic cells might prove useful. Mitomycin C has the latter activity, and was thus evaluated. Not only was the expected complementary toxicity observed in combination treatments, but synergism between the drugs was found at clinically relevant drug doses. Further, both the net pattern of cell killing and the degree of interaction between the agents were a function of the dose ratios of the drugs in the combination treatments. The ability of mitomycin C to potentiate the response of cells resistant to cisplatin as a single agent may thus prove of value in clinical protocols.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Partial characterization of a mitomycin-C resistant T cell.

A cell resistant to concentrations of mitomycin-C associated with the inactivation of many in vitro immune responses is described. This cell is responsive to concanavalin A (Con A), poorly adherent to nylon wool, present in relatively greater numbers in lymph node than other lymphoid tissues, and is relatively radiosensitive. In part, the resistance of this T cell appears to relate to a reduced activity of a microsomal reductase responsible for converting mitomycin-C to its more active form. Discrepancies in reductase activity may represent a way to differentiate among subsets of lymphocytes.

Animals↗