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PubMed1975

Group treatment of sexual dysfunction in men without partners.

This paper describes various group techniques used to treat sexually dysfunctional men who have no regular sex partners or whose partners are unwilling or unable to come for treatment. The relative effectiveness of two male co-leaders versus a male and female combination is also discussed. Preliminary results show that the program has been successful in achieving the goals of most of the members. Many of the men also reported favorable changes in nonsexual areas. Group treatment, therefore, does seem promising as a viable, relatively inexpensive, and efficient method of dealing with the sexual problems of men without available partners.

Gender Identity↗
PubMed1975

The diagnosis and treatment of transvestites and transsexuals.

Transvestism and transsexualism are defined. The incidence of both as well as male versus female ratios are discussed. Etiology of each is considered. Psychotherapists can be used for proper diagnosis and couseling and, on occasion, for therapy for transvestites. Methods for this therapy are suggested. The need for establishing rapport is emphasized, and items to cover in a sex history are enumerated. Reality factors in sex changes are items that the therapist must grapple with. Factors that delineate differential diagnosis of transvestism and transsexualism are pointed out. Prevention of transsexualism in younger children is discussed.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1978

A sexual intimacy survey of former nuns and priests.

Men and women who have lived in a celibate religious community experience a unique set of sexual, social, and psychological problems upon resuming a secular life style. In many instances the personality factors and circumstances which led both to a decision to enter and then to leave a celibate religious community are not easily appreciated by the nonreligious professional counselor and do not readily lend themselves to extrapolation from other population groups. This article reports the findings of a preliminary study to identify the sexual experiences and problems of persons who have left religious communities. Data is based on responses to a mailed, anonymous questionnaire by 126 former nuns and priests living in all parts of the country. Information is reported on the following areas: (1) sexual behavior and enjoyment prior to, while living in, and after leaving a religious community; (2) current sexual behavior, satisfaction and problems; (3) sexual counseling experience; and (4) general problems and concerns with integrating sexual intimacy into present life styles. Comparisons are made with similar data published in the literature and data obtained from persons attending Sexual Attitude Reassessment (SAR) Workshops. The findings of this study suggest that persons who have left celibate religious communities have had limited sexual experience in adolescence and early adulthood compared to nonreligious persons. Further, there are special sexual problems and needs in readjusting to a secular life style. Implications for specific counseling are discussed.

Catholicism↗
PubMed1978

Treatment for premature ejaculation through male-only groups.

A report on the treatment of premature ejaculation in a group format is provided. In this format only males attended group therapy sessions, but they were expected to relay all information on the group meetings to their regular sexual partners. The women then participated in structured retraining exercises with their male partners. This approach was both cost effective and successful for most couples. It is argued, though, that group treatments are not likely to be as effective as the Masters and Johnson strategy and that clinics should, therfore, remain flexible enough to provide more individualized treatment for those couples who do not succeed with group approaches. Therapists are also encouraged to ensure that treatment gains are well established before terminating therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A two-dimensional model of female sexual response.

On the basis of a review of previous research on orgasm consistency and sexual satisfaction in heterosexual females, a two-dimensional conceptual model of sexual responsivity is proposed as a foundation for future research and theory. Methodological problems as well as conceptual inadequacies of past research are discussed. Research evidence strongly indicates that the variable of sexual satisfaction is a long overlooked but critical concept in the full understanding of female heterosexual behavior.

Coitus↗
PubMed1983

Sexual fantasies of sexually distressed and nondistressed men and women: an empirical comparison.

Sexual fantasies are seen as an important source of information and a modality for treatment procedures in sex therapy programs. While drive-reduction models view fantasy as a symptom of a deficiency state, cognitive-behavioral approaches take fantasies as an index of a satisfying sex life. While current data tend to support the behavioral position, no systematic comparison has been undertaken of men and women with and without sexual distress. This study compared written examples of sexual daydreaming, masturbatory and coital fantasies as well as habitual patterns of employing fantasies during sexual activities of the above mentioned groups. Other psychotherapy clients served as control. Sex differences were sparse and the comparison between distressed and nondistressed tended to support the behavioral position. Although sexual fantasizing is positively related to a satisfying sex life, fantasies are often used for reducing aversive emotions. Subjects older than 35 years showed fewer fantasies and lower correlations between daydreaming and sexual activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Sexual behavior, responsiveness, and attitudes among women: a test of two theories.

This study tests two theories regarding the attitude and behavioral determinants of women's coital and masturbatory orgasmic responsiveness. Data from 115 sexually active women were analyzed using latent-variable structural equation models. Twenty-one variables are used to represent seven latent constructs: Parent Sexual Attitudes, Sexual Latency, Sexual Behavior, Dating Competence, Social Assertiveness, Subjective Masturbatory Responsiveness, and Subjective Coital Responsiveness. Two specific theories are tested with these constructs. Each theory predicts a different structural arrangement among these latent factors with the fundamental difference being whether behavior predicts responsiveness or vice-versa. Two alternate models were found to reflect the data adequately. In both instances, attitudes predicted behavior and, in general, orgasmic responsiveness tended to be a function of behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Perspectives of sex therapy outcome: a survey of AASECT providers.

Randomly selected AASECT members who reported that they conduct sex therapy (N = 289) responded to a questionnaire about their sex therapy caseloads. Desire discrepancies between partners was the most common problem (31%). Least commonly reported problems were vaginismus (5%), ejaculatory inhibition (5%), and primary erectile dysfunction (2%). Highest success rates (client satisfaction with sexual functioning) were for premature ejaculation (62%), secondary orgasmic dysfunction (56%), and desire discrepancies (53%). Primary erectile dysfunctions had the lowest success rate (25%). The most commonly used treatment methods were a focus on communication skills, general sex education, homework assignments, and a focus on the sexual interaction; sensate focus, and the discussion of nonsexual individual and/or relationship issues also were quite commonly used. From a discriminant function analysis, the combined Therapists and Multiple-certified provider groups reported focusing on sexual interactions more than the combined Counselors and Educators; the Educators were the least likely providers to use a focus either on sexual interactions or on homework assignments. The Counselors were the most likely, and the Educators the least likely, to use communication skills. Therapists and the Multiple-certified providers estimated higher treatment success rates than Counselors and Educators for premature ejaculation, secondary erectile dysfunction, vaginismus, primary orgasmic dysfunction, sexual avoidance, ejaculatory inhibition, and sexual arousal problems. The Educators were the least successful with dyspareunia. Educators and Counselors were similar in reporting the fewest clients with sexual arousal problems. Therapists and Multiple-certified providers reported spending more treatment hours with desire discrepancies and desire problems. The implications of the findings for clinical practitioners and researchers are discussed.

Communication↗
PubMed1986

Transcultural sexology: formicophilia, a newly named paraphilia in a young Buddhist male.

Children whose species-specific, juvenile sexual rehearsal play is thwarted or traumatized are at risk for developing a compensatory paraphilia. The case of a Buddhist male exemplifies the cross-cultural application of this principle. His syndrome, formicophilia, was endogenously generated without reference to or influence by commercial pornography. The complete causal explanation of paraphilia will require both a phylogenetic (phylismic) and an ontogenetic (life-history) component. The treatment of paraphilia may combine an antiandrogenic hormone with sexological counseling.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Psychological subtypes of anorgasmia: a marker variable approach.

Seventy-six women who presented with a principal complaint of anorgasmia were compared with a matched cohort of sexually functional controls on the domains of the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory (DSFI). Patients were case matched with controls on age, race, marital status, and social class. Initial comparisons revealed significant differences between patient and control groups on a number of psychosexual characteristics, consistent with prior research. Based on evidence of heterogeneity within the patient sample and earlier research by our group, the anorgasmic cohort was partitioned by a "marker variable" approach into two anorgasmic subtypes. The marker variable used to create the subtypes was the presence of homosexual fantasies. Subsequent contrasts, both between the two anorgasmic subgroups, and with functional controls, revealed highly significant differences, and provided strong evidence for at least two psychologically distinct subtypes of anorgasmia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Sexuality and psychophysiological functioning in women with diabetes mellitus.

Subjective and objective psychophysiological responses to erotic visual stimulation were recorded for 24 women with diabetes mellitus type I and 10 control women. There were no significant differences in subjective responses (general sexual arousal and genital arousal) between the two groups. The objective response, a rise in the temperature of the labium minus, varied with the height of the initial temperature. Since this temperature was significantly higher in diabetic women, the subsequent rise during erotic visual stimulation was less in diabetic women than in controls. When samples from the two groups were matched for initial temperature, the difference in the increase in labial temperature was no longer statistically different. In both groups of women there was a significant correlation between the degree of subjective arousal and the rise in labial temperature when women with a high temperature (greater than 37 degrees C) at the start of the visual erotic stimulation were not included. The absence of a statistically significant effect of diabetes mellitus on the parameters studied may be due to a lack of serious neuropathy and angiopathy in the present sample of diabetic women. Future psychophysiological studies should include women with serious neuropathy with or without diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Treatment acceptability of alternative sex therapies: a comparative analysis.

Eighty female subjects rated therapy descriptions of a case involving the treatment of inhibited female orgasm in group and individual formats. Half of the treatment descriptions described the patient's husband participating in some of the homework exercises. After each treatment description, subjects completed a series of treatment acceptability ratings (Treatment Evaluation Inventory, Semantic Differential, Credibility Rating Scale) designed to evaluate the alternative treatment dimensions. A case history of primary anorgasmia, representative of actual clients and problems typically seen in sex therapy clinics, was presented to subjects via written material and audiotape players. A clear preference for individual format over group format was consistently found in credibility and acceptability ratings. Inclusion of the identified patient's partner in therapy was not a salient factor in acceptability ratings for the female subjects. Implications of this research paradigm are discussed in light of the current state of the art in sex therapy, and future research needs are identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Key variables to understanding female sexual satisfaction: an examination of women in nondistressed marriages.

Using a step-wise multiple regression analysis, this study examined the role, in nondistressed marriages, of such sexual variables as frequency of sexual activity, number of orgasms, sexual desire, and sexual excitability in the prediction of female sexual satisfaction as compared to the role of such personality and relationship variables as sexual assertiveness, sexual attitudes (erotophobia-erotophilia), and relationship closeness. The findings suggest that individual and relationship variables (sexual assertiveness, erotophilia, and relationship closeness) aid in the prediction of female sexual satisfaction over and above what can be learned from knowing about the frequency of sexual activity, the number of orgasms a woman has, her level of sexual excitability, and how much she desired the sexual activity. Findings, methodological advances in the use of sex diaries, and limitations of the study are explored.

Adult↗