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Results for “MASTOID”

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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Objective assessment of the perineural vascular plexus as a landmark for the horizontal part of the facial nerve in middle ear and mastoid surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To objectively evaluate the usefulness and the reliability of the perineural vascular plexus as a landmark for identification of the facial nerve in surgery for chronic squamous otitis media. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case series. SETTING: Tertiary otologic center. PATIENTS: Seventy consecutive patients requiring surgery for cholesteatomatous otitis media. INTERVENTION: Use of a semiquantitative grading system intraoperatively to assess the utility and ease of using the perineural facial plexus as the pointer to the facial nerve. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Description of the perineural vascular plexus and assessment of the reproducibility of the grading system. RESULTS: In 82.5% of patients, the plexus was used as the sole pointer to the level of the facial nerve, with other landmarks being used in the remaining 17.5%. A very prominent vessel was used to identify the nerve in 82.5%, therefore being classified as Grade 1. Multiple small vessels were seen in 15.8% (Grade 2), and in 1.5% the vessel plexus was thin and difficult to identify. The average measure intraclass correlation was 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.85), indicating excellent reproducibility of the system. CONCLUSION: We believe that the perineural vascular plexus is a dependable and reliable landmark for the level of the facial nerve in surgery for chronic otitis media.

Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear↗
PubMed2005

The effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on postoperative mastoid cavity problems.

OBJECTIVES: To present the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on intractable cavity problems and discuss the mechanisms of its effects. METHODS: We treated three ears with postoperative open cavities. All three cases had suffered from chronic discharge of the ear for 7, 10, and 30 years, respectively; 100 microg/ml of trafermin (genetic recombination) solution, as basic fibroblast growth factor, was dropped into the open cavity once daily. If bacterial and/or fungal infection was observed, antibiotics and/or antifungal agents were administered locally twice daily. RESULTS: The cavities epithelialized and were cured within 2 months using this treatment. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, leading to accelerated wound healing. The basic fibroblast growth factor agent appears to be highly effective in treating intractable cavity problems.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Radiotherapy in the treatment of middle ear and mastoid carcinoma.

The treatment of temporal bone carcinoma is a widely discussed topic with marked variation in published results. Most conclude that a combination of radical surgery and radiotherapy is the optimum treatment. The present study reviews the results of radiotherapy used as the main primary treatment for this condition. Five-year survival in 56 patients was 32% for radical and palliative therapy, with an excellent response in 'early' cases. It is concluded that improvement in survival could be attained by defining those groups which would benefit from a combination of treatment methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Epithelial migration in mastoid cavities.

The epithelial migration in 18 dry ears with a cavity after surgery was studied by the ink-dot method and compared with the epithelial migration in 15 normal ears. A qualitatively normal centrifugal migration pattern was observed in all cavity ears. Considerable variation in migration speed was observed within the same cavity ear, thus a comparison with the migration speed in normal ears was impossible. No definite relationship was apparent between migration speed and the self-cleansing ability of the ear, which primarily appeared to be a function of the macroscopic appearance of the cavity (i.e. the presence of pockets or ridges). We conclude that epithelial migration is as important in maintaining the self-cleansing function and non-infected state in cavity ears as it is in normal ears.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A short latency vestibulomasseteric reflex evoked by electrical stimulation over the mastoid in healthy humans.

We describe EMG responses recorded in active masseter muscles following unilateral and bilateral electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS, current pulses of 5 mA intensity, 2 ms duration, 3 Hz frequency). Averaged responses in unrectified masseter EMG induced by unilateral EVS were examined in 16 healthy subjects; effects induced by bilateral (transmastoid) stimulation were studied in 10 subjects. Results showed that unilateral as well as bilateral EVS induces bilaterally a clear biphasic response (onset latency ranging from 7.2 to 8.8 ms), that is of equal amplitude and latency contra- and ipsilateral to the stimulation site. In all subjects, unilateral cathodal stimulation induced a positive-negative response termed p11/n15 according to its mean peak latency; the anodal stimulation induced a response of opposite polarity (n11/p15) in 11/16 subjects. Cathodal responses were significantly larger than anodal responses. Bilateral stimulation induced a p11/n15 response significantly larger than that induced by the unilateral cathodal stimulation. Recordings from single motor units showed that responses to cathodal stimulation corresponded to a brief (2-4 ms) silent period in motor unit discharge rate. The magnitude of EVS-induced masseter response was linearly related to current intensity and scaled with the mean level of EMG activity. The size of the p11/n15 response was asymmetrically modulated when subjects were tilted on both sides; in contrast head rotation did not exert any influence. Control experiments excluded a possible role of cutaneous receptors in generating the masseter response. We conclude that transmastoid electrical stimulation evokes vestibulomasseteric reflexes in healthy humans at latencies consistent with a di-trisynaptic pathway.

Adult↗