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PubMed1976

[Membrane receptors of lymphoreticular cells in hyperplastic and neoplastic diseases of the lymphatic system].

The results of T- and B-cell determinations are described in 105 cases of lymphoreticular and lymphoepithelial neoplasia, and are compared to similar investigations of 582 cases as published in the literature. In addition, T- and B-cell values are determined in blood of 35 healthy individuals, in 12 normal lymph nodes, as well as in hyperplastic conditions of lymph nodes from 30 patients and of tonsils from 85 patients. Cell characterizations are done by immunofluorescence and use of monospecific anti-immunoglobulin antisera (H chain specific), anti-thymus antiserum, as well as by the E-rosette test. While normal blood and normal and hyperplastic tissues show a polyclonal distribution or proliferation of lymphoreticular cells, neoplastic conditions are often characterized by an exuberant, possibly monoclonal proliferation of one cell type. According to this, lymphoreticular neoplasias are immunologically grouped into four main classes: B-cell neoplasias comprising most of the chronic lymphocytic leukemias, well differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas, BURKITT's tumor, follicular lymphoma BRILL-SYMMERS, and hairy cell leukemia. T-cell lymphomas represent a large part of poorly or undifferentiated leukemias of children, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas, prolymphocytic leukemia, and Sézary's syndrome. Monocytic neoplasias are malignant histiocytoses and leukemic reticuloendothelioses. A fourth group, which probably is not homogeneous and might be further classified in the future by use of more sophisticated methods, consists of tumors with T- and B-cell lack. Such tumors are histologically classified as Hodgkin's lymphomas, a certain number of histiocytic lymphomas, and mycosis fungoides. The prognostic and pathogenetic implications of a combined morphological and immunological classification of lymphoreticular neoplasias are briefly outlined.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1987

[Value of exploring the deep lymphatic system of the lower limbs using lymphoscintigraphy. Preliminary study of 18 patients with arteritis].

Lymphoscintigraphy of lower limbs generally involves bilateral subcutaneous injection of a radioactive colloid into the first or second interdigital space: only the superficial internal saphenous pathway is visualized in this way (superficial lymphoscintigraphy: SL). However, the external saphenous and deep pathways can be explored by an external retromalleolar injection as demonstrated in radiology. Isotopic exploration of the external saphenous pathway and deep lymphatics (deep lymphoscintigraphy: DL) was carried out in 18 patients with arteritis also investigated by SL. The study forms part of a prospective trial of edema developing after femoro-popliteal shunts. The deep lymphatics are correctly and easily visualized, and in about 20% of cases there exist anomalies of distribution of superficial or deep lymphatic flow, morphologic anomalies developing postoperatively in one pathway only, or in both pathways. DL is a simple, reliable method of investigation of deep lymphatics, and complete exploration of lymphatics of lower limbs should include both SL and DL.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

The Kurloff cell. Its differentiation in the blood and lymphatic system.

Kurloff cells belong to the group of macrophages as far as ultrastructure, adhesiveness and identification with Kupffer cells (in the case of the liver) are concerned. A characteristic group of features makes it easy to recognize them: PAS reaction, cyanol-blue staining, presence of myelin figures in electron microscopy and attachment to glass-slides. Kurloff cells are thymic and blood cells. They are observed in small numbers in the circulating blood and, in large quantities, in spleen (red pulp), liver (hepatic sinusoids) and lung (septal capillaries). They are absent from lymphatic nodules and from diffuse lymphatic tissues. Morphological and experimental studies indicate that, in spite of some equivocal similarities, Kurloff cells are distinguishable by many criteria from erythrophagocytic cells and from protein-secreting blood cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Macromolecular transport by the middle ear and its lymphatic system.

The macromolecular transport in the middle ear mucosa of the guinea pig was investigated by means of light and electron microscopy using tracer substances such as Evans blue, India ink, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP particles were readily taken up by the middle ear mucosa and Eustachian tube. They were absorbed by all cell types, including ciliated, secretory and nonsecretory cells. The particles were first taken up by the pinocytotic vesicles and then transported into the intercellular spaces by reverse pinocytosis. These particles were transported toward the connective tissue through the basilar membrane. Some of the tracer particles were engulfed by the tissue histiocytes, but most of the particles entered into lymphatic and blood capillaries. By Evans blue instillation of the bulla, the retroauricular and junctional lymph nodes were positively identified as those draining the middle ear and the Eustachian tube. When HRP was used, the tracer particles were detected in the ipsilateral retroauricular and junctional lymph nodes as early as 5 minutes following the tympanic instillation. HRP in these lymph nodes were mainly found in the specific granules of the macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Accomplishments of tumor surgery in tumors of the lymphatic system].

Malignant lymphomas behave like localised tumors and should be removed by radical operation. Stage, histology, type of surgery and postoperative therapy significantly influence prognosis. Curative resections should be carried out in stage I/1 and I/2, palliative resections in all other stages. Postoperative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy is currently obligatory in all stages except I/1 and I/2.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2000

Melanoma metastases through the lymphatic system.

Pathologists can expect to receive sentinel nodes from patients with cancers other than melanoma, such as breast, vulvar, thyroid, and colon cancers. Many of the recommendations in this article can be extrapolated to cancers other than melanoma, but there are some peculiarities that relate to each type of tumor. The pathologist should carefully review the published literature before attempting to evaluate sentinel nodes from patients with an unfamiliar form of cancer.

Histological Techniques↗
PubMed1982

Early response of lymphatic system to experimental infection with Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum.

Weight, cellularity and metabolic activity (nucleolar test) of draining and contralateral popliteal lymph nodes were studied in groups of guinea pigs infected intratarsally in right hind limb with Mycobacterium kansasii (2.4 x 10(6) viable units) and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (3.4 x 10(6) viable units) species and examined 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after inoculation. Time-related differences and inter-group differences in cellularity and per cent of active lymphocytes were statistically analyzed by paired t-test. Experimental animals infected with the two mycobacterial species showed at all time intervals a significant increase in weight, cellularity and per cent of active lymphocytes in draining lymph nodes as compared to contralateral nodes and to control values. Infection with M. kansasii produced a more significant increase in all the parameters studied than inoculation with M. scrofulaceum. These differences are in agreement with the different pathogenic activity of these two species of the potentially pathogenic mycobacteria. Early activation of lymphatic tissues occurring within the first 24 hours after inoculation results from the action of some cellular immunity mediators is released already at the early phases of lymphocyte-antigen interaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Dynamics of interstitial silicosis in relation to the state of the intrathoracic lymphatic system].

The time course of interstitial silicosis in 150 patients was investigated retrospectively by the roentgenograms for a follow-up varying from 2 to 20 years. It was shown that silicosis progress followed the affection of the intrathoracic lymph nodes. The latter was mainly predetermined by tuberculous infection in person working under silicosis-hazardous and unfavourable sanitary and hygienic conditions. The picture of pulmonary lesions developing after adenopathy in patients with silicosis was roentgenologically completely identical to that of polymorphous tuberculosis. In this connection it was recommended that thorough clinical and bronchological examinations for silicotuberculosis of adenogenic genesis be performed in all the cases with progressing silicosis.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[Diseases of the lymphatic system of the head and neck region. A comparative study of MRI and CT].

The diagnostic possibilities of magnetic resonance imaging compared with computed tomography in lymphomas and pathological enlargement of the lymph nodes in the head and neck region are presented. Whereas plain MRI examinations showed the same diagnostic sensitivity as CT, application of the paramagnetic contrast medium Gd-DTPA in 50 of 87 patients clearly increased diagnostic accuracy. Signal intensities of T1- or T2-weighted images before therapy (operation, chemotherapy, radiotherapy) and after administration of Gd-DTPA were enhanced, compared with posttherapeutic and plain examinations. An increase after therapy in two patients signalled a relapse or residual tumour tissue; a decrease in three cases was evaluated as response to therapy. Other differential diagnostic processes such as lipomas, neurinomas, glomus tumours etc. were differentiated with the help of signal intensity curves after administration of contrast media and the use of a gradient echo sequence TR/TE = 30/12 msec with a flip angle of 30 degrees. Differentiation of tissue based on morphological criteria such as homogeneity of tumour tissue or the delineation against surrounding tissue structures showed in the case of Hodgkin's disease and inflammatory diseases mainly homogeneous elements without ring-shaped structure. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas had a predominantly homogeneous structure. In squamous cell carcinomas MR revealed in two cases a ring-shaped enhancement.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

MR lymphography using iron oxide nanoparticles in rats: pharmacokinetics in the lymphatic system after intravenous injection.

The objective of the study was to quantify the kinetics of the superparamagnetic nanoparticle ferumoxtran (AMI 227, Sinerem(R), Combidex(R)) in the efferent lymph of the subdiaphragmatic lymph nodes and in various node groups of the rat to elucidate the uptake mechanism. The thoracic lymph duct was catheterized in 24 rats after an IV injection of 40 micromol Fe/kg ferumoxtran. Three rats were studied at several time points between 1.5 and 24 hours. At each time point, 0.3 ml of lymph were collected over 45 minutes. Lymph nodes were differentiated into five groups. The iron concentration in the samples and in plasma was measured by relaxometry at 0.47 T and atomic absorption spectrometry. Cytology was performed on the lymph. High concentrations of nanoparticles were found in the thoracic lymph soon after injection (90 minutes). No particle was found in the lymph cells, indicating that ferumoxtran was extracellular in the lymph fluid. The maximum concentration was reached later in all node groups, at 12 hours, and then plateaued. The transcapillary pathway and subsequent lymph drainage of the particles seem to play a major role in the delivery to the lymph nodes.

Animals↗