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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Intratympanic dexamethasone treatment for control of subjective idiopathic tinnitus: our clinical experience.

In this report, we summarize our clinical experience with intratympanic dexamethasone treatment (IDT) for control of tinnitus. From March 2000 through February 2001, we observed 54 patients (23 women, 31 men; mean age, 49.6 +/- 7.2 years; range, 24-71 years) suffering from subjective idiopathic tinnitus (SIT). After common audiological tests had been performed; all patients underwent specific topodiagnostic tests to verify the cochlear SIT genesis. The 50 subjects with positive results from a furosemide test and negative results from caraverine and carbamazepine tests were selected for the IDT, consisting of transtympanic perfusion of 4 mg dexamethasone to the round window via the middle ear. The treatment was repeated three times daily for 3 consecutive months. Its short-term effects were evaluated 2 weeks after the last perfusion. In 17 of 50 of these patients (34%), the SIT disappeared; 20 of the 50 (40%) reported a significant decrease of the symptom; and the remaining 13 of the 50 (26%) did not experience any improvement. Therefore, we believe that IDT represents an effective drug delivery system for SIT control, as long as the condition arises from inner ear disorders only and treatment occurs within 3 months of symptom onset.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Expression and its significance of aquaporins in normal guinea pig inner ears].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and its significance of aquaporins (AQPs) in normal guinea pig inner ears. METHOD: Ten healthy guinea pigs were used. Immunohistochemistry were employed to detect AQP0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 in normal guinea pig inner ears,using rabbit anti-rat polyclonal antibodies. RESULT: AQP0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 were all expressed in guinea pig inner ears. AQP0 was only located in stria vascularis and spiral ganglion. The distribution of AQP1 consisted of cells lining the bony labyrinth, fibrocytes lining the endolymphatic duct and sac, cells under the basilar membrane, fibrocytes of the spiral ligament and the spiral limbus,Corti's organ, inner and outer spiral sulcus, stria vascularis, saccular and utricular wall, and spiral ganglion. AQP2 located in stria vascularis, Corti's organ, spiral ganglion and endolymphatic sac. AQP3,7,8 distributed in a similar manner which was surrounding the membranous labyrinth, including Corti's organ, inner and outer spiral sulcus, stria vascularis, fibrocytes of the spiral ligament and the spiral limbus, saccular and utricular wall, endolymphatic sac and spiral ganglion. AQP5 located at Corti's organ, inner and outer spiral sulcus, spiral ganglion, fibrocytes in spiral ligament. CONCLUSION: Diverse AQPs are distributed in the normal guinea pig inner ears,which may co-work to maintain the homeostasis of the inner ear.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Perilymphatic fistula].

Perilymphatic fistulae are the first cause of perceptive deafness that may be amenable to surgical treatment. After a complete study of the literature, we have made a retrospective analysis of 48 ear explorations in 37 children. These children presented with a variable degree of progressive or fluctuating perceptive deafness without any obvious etiology. Computed tomography, especially aimed at detecting an abnormality in the patency of the aqueduct of the cochlea, seems to be the most efficient criterion of selection to establish an indication for surgical exploration. The extent of the perilymphatic fistulae and their location, mainly at the level of the fissura ante fenestram, call to our mind the possibility of an arrest in the differentiation of the otic capsule, with a persistent anomalous patency of the aqueduct of the cochlea. The results of this study mainly demonstrate stabilizations of hearing, while spectacular improvements still are anecdotal. On the other hand, morbidity is very low and mainly results from insufficient surgery to fill in the fistula. Further studies are needed, especially to better understand the pathophysiology of the perilymphatic fistulae, and their results must certainly be appreciated in the longer term.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Cytomegalovirus endolabyrinthitis.

A premature male infant, who died 22 days after birth with hyaline membrane disease, was found to have had cytomegalic inclusion disease at autopsy. Histopathologic examination of the temporal bones showed cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the entire endolabyrinth without involvement of the neural and sensory structures. These findings support the thesis that late gestational or perinatal fetal CMV infection results in an endolymphatic labyrinthitis. We hypothesize that blood-borne virus passes from the stria vascularis into the endolymphatic spaces and infects the nonneurosensory epithelium. This pattern of infection differs from the perilabyrinthitis of human varicellazoster and experimentally produced mouse CMV.

Cytomegalovirus↗
PubMed1990

[Dehydration therapy in low tone hearing loss. An alternative to rheologic therapy?].

Patients with acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss were treated by rheology or dehydration after recording of the summation and compound action potentials by electrocochleography. Patients treated in the acute phase, as well as patients with chronic disease (that is the interval between onset of hearing loss and therapy was more than 1 week) clearly responded better to dehydration than to conventional rheological treatment. This was especially striking in those patients showing an enhanced SP/AP ratio indicating endolymphatic hydrops.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1990

[Experimental endolymphatic hydrops and its related morphological and functional changes in guinea pigs].

The endolymphatic hydrops was induced successfully in 13 guinea pigs by blocking the endolymphatic duct and sac, and the morphological and functional alterations (especially on semicircular canal function) after hydrops were studied by means of ENG, EcochG and serial section techniques. Hydrops in the cochlear duct was evident in the apical and/or near apical turns, especially in earlier stages. Dilation of the saccule was seen in all samples, but was barely noticeable in the utricle and semicircular canal's endolymphatic space. Degeneration in the corti's apparatus, stria vasculi and spiral ganglion occurred late. No evident changes of the sensory components in the saccule, utricle and semicircular canals were seen under the light microscope. The hearing loss in earlier stages of hydrops was evident at lower frequencies: later stages showed effects at all frequencies. The cochlear recruitment and fluctuation phenomena were observed in a few of the operated animals. The value of -SP/CAP in a few animals was significantly after operation. The functional changes of semicircular canals were demonstrated by the semicircular paralysis (CP), directional preponderance (DP), vestibular recruitment (VR) and elevated threshold of nystagmus to angular acceleration stimuli. There was no significant correlation between the degrees of hearing loss and impaired semicircular function. The criteria of ENG elicited by the quantitative angular acceleration stimuli for evaluating the semicircular canal function in guinea pigs is proposed for the first time in our experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Electrocochleography possibilities in the differential diagnosis of hydrops and neural hearing loss].

Enhancement of the click-evoked summating potential causing a pathological summation to compound action potential ratio (SP/CAP) in patients with endolymphatic hydrops has been described by several groups. An increased SP/CAP ratio is found also in some patients with a tumour of the cerebellopontine angle. The study of further parameters of the SP/CAP complex, such as the CAP latency and the width of the complex, permit an electrocochleographic differentiation between both forms of hearing loss. The N2 amplitude showed no diagnostic significance.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗
PubMed1989

Perilymph fistula.

PLF is an enigmatic otologic disease that may be congenital or acquired through surgery, trauma, neoplasm, or infection. The exact incidence of PLF is unknown, primarily because it is difficult to diagnose. A careful, thorough history is important in recognizing PLF. If a PLF exists, repair can be effected simply and quickly and may be very beneficial to the patient. There is a small but real risk of total hearing loss with operation to repair any PLF. Currently, the most useful diagnostic tests for PLF involve the vestibular system, and further studies of vestibular responses to PLF hold promise in improving our diagnostic ability.

Fistula↗
PubMed1989

[Personal experiences with audiometric detection of perilymph fistulas].

Rupture of the round window membrane is thought to be important in the pathogenesis of sudden hearing loss. In 1982 Fraser and Flood proposed an audiometric test to improve the indication for tympanoscopy which, in their experience, verified the diagnosis of perilymph fistulae in a high percentage of cases. Between 1 January 1986 and 30 June 1988 the above test was carried out on 74 patients at the ENT Department of the University of Hamburg. In 41 cases a tympanoscopy was performed. In 13 cases with a positive test result not a single perilymphatic fistula could be found intra-operatively, while in 3 cases of rupture the test was negative. In our experience this test is not helpful for the pre-operative assessment of tympanotomy in sudden hearing loss.

Audiometry↗