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PubMed1995

Viability and enzymatic activity of bifidobacteria in milk.

Bifidobacterium breve NCFB 2258, Bifidobacterium bifidum NCFB 2715, Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707, Bifidobacterium angulatum ATCC 27535, and Lactobacillus acidophilus N2 were evaluated for viability and beta-galactosidase and alpha-galactosidase activities under conditions of refrigerated and frozen storage in reconstituted NDM. beta- and alpha-Galactosidase activities were variable. Bifidobacterium angulatum 27535 exhibited much greater enzymatic activities than those of the other strains. All strains demonstrated culture and enzyme stability upon refrigerated storage in fermented and unfermented reconstituted NDM. Bifidobacteria were significantly less tolerant of low temperature storage than was L. acidophilus N2.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

In vitro fructooligosaccharide utilization and inhibition of Salmonella spp. by selected bacteria.

In vitro experiments were conducted to determine: 1) inhibitory capacities of potential direct-fed microbial bacteria against Salmonella serotypes; and 2) the ability of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus sp., and Salmonella spp. to grow in media containing fructooligosaccharides (FOS-50 or FOS pure formulation) as the only carbohydrate source. Thirteen bacteria (two strains of Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, B. bifidum, E. faecium, two strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, Pediococcus sp., Propionibacterium acidopropionici, P. jensenii, and Propionibacterium sp.) were tested for inhibition of six Salmonella serotypes (S. california, S. enteritidis, S. heidelberg, S. mission, S. senftenberg, and S. typhimurium) using a spot-the-lawn technique. Bifidobacterium bifidum, E. faecium, all lactobacilli, and Pediococcus sp. clearly inhibited growth of all Salmonella serotypes. In the growth experiments, E. faecium, L. lactis, and Pediococcus sp. grew in media with either FOS-50 or the pure formulation of FOS as the sole carbohydrate source. All tested Salmonella serotypes utilized FOS-50 for growth; however growth varied among the serotypes. In contrast, none of the Salmonella serotypes grew in media containing the pure formulation of FOS as the only carbohydrate source.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Enteral Nutrition Is Associated with a Distinct Gut Microbiome Composition and Fermentation Capacity Profile After Acute Colonic Injury in Rats.

Enteral nutrition (EN) is known to promote mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease, and multi-omics data suggest that the gut microbiome mediates its therapeutic effects. However, the impact of EN and its components on the gut community during recovery from acute epithelial injury remains incompletely understood. We used whole-genome metagenomic sequencing to investigate the effect of an EN formula based on extruded amaranth flour and pea protein on the gut microbiome in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) rat model of acute colonic injury. Three groups were compared, as follows: an unchallenged control (n = 9) with standard chow, a colonic injury (5% DSS; n = 9) group with standard chow, and a colonic injury (5% DSS; n = 9) group with EN. Injury was confirmed histologically (median MCHI score was 2, indicating epithelial damage without inflammation). DSS caused significant weight loss. Animals receiving EN regained baseline weight faster, by day 14, whereas animals on standard chow achieved recovery only by day 21. Differences in energy intake should be further investigated to validate the effect of EN on body weight recovery. At day 21, both injury groups demonstrated higher relative abundances of Bacteroidaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, including the mucin-degrader Allobaculum mucilyticum, compared with the control group. Conversely, Lactobacillus abundance, notably Lactobacillus acidophilus, was higher in the EN group than in both other groups, as was the inferred capacity for lactate-producing fermentation. These findings suggest that EN is associated with a distinct microbial composition and inferred metabolic profile during the post-injury period, with lactobacilli as one of the potential mediators of its effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effects of yogurt ingestion on mucosal and systemic cytokine gene expression in the mouse.

To assess the potential for ingestion of yogurt to modulate immunity, its effects on basal gene expression of cytokines in systemic and mucosal sites were determined in mice. Yogurts were manufactured from pasteurized nonfat dry milk using five commercial starter cultures with or without Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Treatment mice were fed the AIN-93G diet mixed 1:1 with unheated yogurt or heat-treated yogurt (wt/wt) for 2 and 4 weeks, and control mice were fed the AIN-93G diet mixed 1:1 (wt/wt) with nonfat dry milk. The viability of the various bacterial groups in unheated yogurts was maintained above 10(6) CFU/g throughout the feeding period. The yogurt-feeding regimens did not significantly affect weight gain. Relative mRNA levels in spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, or Peyer's patches for the cytokines interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-2, -4, and -6, and the "housekeeping gene" beta2-microglobulin were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in conjunction with hybridization analysis. Prolonged feeding of some yogurts decreased expression of several cytokine mRNAs, the depression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA in the spleen being the most prominent effect. Heat-treated yogurts were more effective in altering cytokine mRNA expression than were unheated yogurts containing viable organisms. Generally, yogurts either had no effect or decreased specific cytokine mRNA in the test organs, regardless of whether they contained Bifidobacterium sp. and L. acidophilus. These results suggest that, in contrast with previous studies in vitro, some yogurt formulations may reduce rather than stimulate basal cytokine expression and that these effects are most prominent in the systemic compartment.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of avian-specific probiotic and Salmonella enteritidis-, Salmonella typhimurium-, and Salmonella heidelberg-specific antibodies on cecal colonization and organ invasion of Salmonella enteritidis in broilers.

Salmonella Enteritidis colonizes the intestinal tract of poultry and causes foodborne illness in humans. Reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in the intestinal tract of poultry reduces potential carcass contamination during slaughter. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an avian-specific probiotic combined with Salmonella Enteritidis-, Salmonella Typhimurium-, and Salmonella Heidelberg-specific antibodies on the cecal colonization and organ invasion of Salmonella Enteritidis in broiler as well as on body weights. The treatment group was defined as chicks spray-vaccinated with Avian Pac Plus at the hatchery and given Avian Pac Plus for the first 3 days after placement. An intermediate treatment was given at 10 and 14 days, 2 days prior to vaccination and 2 days postvaccination. All birds were vaccinated with Newcastle disease vaccine, La Sota virus (one drop/eye) at 12 days of age. A final treatment was given 3 days preslaughter. The control group was defined as chicks not given Avian Pac Plus at any time. Six hours after oral administration of the probiotic suspension (treatment group) or water (control group) at placement, the chicks were challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. All chickens were orally inoculated with 0.25 ml of Salmonella Enteritidis that contained 4 x 10(7) CFU/1.0 ml. Cecal colonization and organ invasion were evaluated for Salmonella Enteritidis on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 10, 17, 24, 31, 38, and 41. The probiotic-treated group had a significantly lower concentration of Salmonella Enteritidis cecal colonization at days 3, 7, 10, 17, 24, 31, 38, and 41 when compared to the nontreated, control group (P < 0.05). Similarly, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the isolation of Salmonella Enteritidis from the internal organs (liver and spleen) when probiotic-treated and nonprobiotic-treated groups were compared. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean body weight between the two experimental groups at each collection period. These results indicated that a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium, and Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Heidelberg-Specific antibodies have a beneficial effect in reducing the colonization of Salmonella Enteritidis in market-aged broilers.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of microbial derived agents on the level of blood cytokines, hematological status and survival of mice following combined radiation injury].

Mice models of acute radiation and combined radiation injuries (whole body irradiation + thermal burn) were used for the experiments. Blood serum response of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-3, and GM-CSF was evaluated after single injection of bacterially derived products (BDPs). As it was established, BDPs revealed different ability for cytokine increasing activity: Imuvert (extract from Serratia marcescens) > synthetic trehalose dicorynomycolate > heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus. The capacity of BDPs to enhance survival of animals did not depend on its cytokine-inducing and hematopoietic activities.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Dynamic observation of periodontal pathogens and cariogenic bacteria in modified chemostat using confocal laser scanning microscopy].

OBJECTIVE: To study dynamic relation between periodontal pathogens and cariogenic bacteria under analogous oral environment. METHODS: Eight periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Provotella intermedium (Pi), Streptococcus mutans (Sm), Streptococcus sanguis (Ss), Actinomyces viscosus (Av) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (La) were used. These eight strains were cultured in modified chemostat under analogous oral environment which contained 600 ml modified BM medium supplemented with 2.5 g/L porcine gastric mucin, respectively. After 1, 24, 48 and 96 h, optical sectioning of plaque biofilms on removable and replaceable hydroxyapatite disks was analyzed by the combination of live bacterial Gram fluorescence staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Biofilm thickness and reconstruction of the three-dimensional architecture of plaque biofilms were made. RESULTS: Biofilm thickness increased significantly with time (P < 0.001). Biofilms of Aa were thinner than those of Ss and eight-specie biofilms were thicker than those formed by Ss and Aa per time point. Three-dimensional images showed periodontal pathogens mainly occurred in cariogenic bacterial complex or on the biofilm surface. CONCLUSIONS: Gram-positive cariogenic species initially predominated in artificial plaque, followed by the increasing proportions of Gram-negative periodontal pathogens. The relation between microecological balance among bacteria and diseases is worthy of further studies.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2006

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. A case control experience.

AIM: As optimal therapy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remains elusive, current approach to therapy is based on symptomatic treatment. With this case-control experience we wanted to determine the beneficial effect in IBS patients of a dietary integrator (IBS Active), composed of L-tryptophan, inulin, angelica, vegetal charcoal, vitamin PP, group B vitamins (B1, B2, B6) and probiotics (Lactobacillus sporogenes, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus). METHODS: The treatment group comprised 37 patients (11 men and 27 women; mean age, 44.3+/-5.1 years) given IBS Active (440 mg bid) over a mean period of 6 months (range, 5-8). The control group comprised 28 patients (6 men and 22 women; mean age, 48.6+/-3.7 years) who were instructed to continue their customary therapy for 6 months (range, 5-7). All subjects were assessed for the presence of abdominal pain and/or distension, constipation, diarrhea and alternating constipation and diarrhea. RESULTS: Compared with baseline values, the reduction in abdominal pain in the treatment group was 62% (P<0.0001), 55% (P<0.0001) in abdominal distension, 58% (P=0.05) in constipation, 33% (P=0.3) in diarrhea, and 62% (P=0.01) in alternation constipation and diarrhea. Compared with baseline values, no statistically significant reduction in symptoms was found in the control group. Post-treatment comparison between the two groups showed that the study product had reduced symptoms and that the difference was statistically significant for abdominal pain (P<0.000001), abdominal distension (P=0.003) and constipation (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The use of IBS Active led to a significant improvement in pain symptoms, abdominal distension and regulation of bowel movement in IBS patients. Further study is needed to evaluate the long-term benefit of the study product.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevention of late abortion and high risk premature labor--measures suited for routine practice].

Ascending infection is likely to be the main cause of late abortion and early delivery. In a retrospective evaluation performed at our hospital, evidence of infection was encountered in 76% of 195 pregnancies with premature infants having birth weights less than 2000 g. It may be assumed that the processes responsible for this development take place at the lower pole. It was against this background that we developed a programme designed to contribute to an effective prevention of late abortion and early delivery. The essential requirement is that measurements of vaginal pH enter into routine use during prenatal care. This simple procedure allows for the identification of many (not all) vaginal disorders that might occur in patients at risk. In the presence of other serious anamnestic or diagnostic evidence of imminent late abortion or early delivery, specific bacteriologic examinations including a check-up for chlamydia, vaginal ultrasonography of the cervix and testing for CRP should be carried out. Lower pole lavage, a procedure recently developed by the authors, facilitates the identification of pathogens in the upper part of the infected area, as compared to conventional vaginal and cervical smear. Following are the most important therapeutic measures: An early total blockage of the os uteri is desirable in patients with a clinical history of late abortion or premature infants with little chance of surviving. Acidifying local treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus is recommended in the presence of abnormally high vaginal pH values (over 4.2). If pathogenic or potentially pathogenic micro-organisms are identified in the upper part of the infected area, local antibiotic therapy should be resorted to, if useful; otherwise systemic antibiotics should be given. If the patient shows definite symptoms of imminent late abortion or early delivery (e.g. critical cervical findings and/or premature labour and/or positive CRP values), systemic wide-spectrum antibiotics should be administered, even if no pathogens have been encountered. The first assessments of the effectiveness of this programme have shown that since its institution in 1989 and 1990, the incidence of underweight infants (birth weight below 1500 g) was significantly reduced at this hospital (by 30%) as compared to the years 1987 and 1988. On the other hand, the incidence of larger underweight infants having a birth weight of 1500 g and more was shown to rise slightly by 9%, while the total number of underweight infants remained unchanged (8.7%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Abortion, Septic↗
PubMed1989

[Lactitol and neomycin: monotherapy or combined therapy in the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy?].

The beneficial effect of disaccharides, lactulose and lactitol, in prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy is well established but their use in combination with neomycin is still controversial. We studied in vitro the fecal bacterial growth, acid and gas formation in presence of lactitol (beta-galactoside-sorbitol) and neomycin alone or in combination. The results indicate that neomycin only inhibits the growth of susceptible bacteria (E. coli, Staph. aureus) which, conversely, are poor lactitol fermenters. The resistant organisms (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Clostridium perfringens) that are efficient disaccharide fermenters continue to metabolize lactitol still when antibiotic is added. Addition of lactitol 10% increased the inhibitory effect of neomycin on bacterial growth by 25-50% within 60-70 min. These preliminary data suggest that lactitol and neomycin may have additional or synergistic effects in vivo when used together in presence of favourable intestinal microbial environment.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Effect of intestinal bacteria on incidence of liver tumors in gnotobiotic C3H/He male mice.

The effect of intestinal microflora on liver tumorigenesis was studied in gnotobiotic C3H/He male mice monoassociated, diassociated, or polyassociated with the following strains of intestinal bacteria: Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium infantis, Clostridium indolis, C. paraputrificum, C. perfringens, C. innocuum, C. nexile, C. ramosum, C. clostridiiforme, Bacteroides multiacidus, Bacteroides fragilis, Veillonella alcalescens, V. parvula, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The incidence of liver tumors was higher in most of the gnotobiotes (67--100%) and conventionalized mice (82%) derived from the germfree mice than in the germfree mice (39%). The average incidence of tumor nodules in gnotobiotes associated with E. coli, S. faecalis, and C. paraputrificum was 2.9, which was significantly higher than that in the conventionalized animals (1.6). In contrast, the average incidence of tumor nodules in gnotobiotes associated with E. coli, S. faecalis, L. acidophilus, C. perfringens, and Bacteroides fragilis (0.9) was not significantly different from that in germfree animals (0.5). The present study demonstrated that the presence of certain intestinal bacteria is related to liver tumorigenesis in gnotobiotic C3H/He male mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Multisubstrate analogs for deoxynucleoside kinases. Triphosphate end products and synthetic bisubstrate analogs exhibit identical modes of binding and are useful probes for distinguishing kinetic mechanisms.

Comparative inhibition kinetics with natural dNTP end products (dNp3) and new synthetic bisubstrate-type analogs, dNp4A (deoxynucleoside 5'-adenosine 5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate), have been studied with their target deoxynucleoside kinases from Lactobacillus acidophilus. Analysis of inhibition specificity, inhibition patterns, and Ki(app) under various conditions has revealed the following conclusions. Both dNTP and dNp4A bind to the active site of the corresponding kinase through multiple binding determinants. The deoxynucleoside moiety of dNTP fits optimally at the deoxynucleoside binding site and provides the basis for its inhibition specificity, whereas the triphosphate group interacts with the ATP binding site, reinforcing the affinity of the molecule as a potent end product inhibitor (Ki = 0.4-3 microM). The adenosine moiety of dNp4A does not contribute to the binding of this compound, whereas the tetraphosphate portion is the second binding determinant, just as in the model developed for dNTP. dNTP and dNp4A proved to be useful tools for distinguishing the kinetic mechanisms of kinases which follow sequential pathways, i.e. the rapid equilibrium Random Bi Bi for dCyd and dGuo kinases and the steady state Ordered Bi Bi mechanism for two dAdo kinases associated either with dCyd kinase or with dGuo kinase on different multifunctional proteins.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Effect of saccharin on growth and acid production of glucose-grown pathogenic and oral bacteria.

Growth and acid production of glucose-grown Gram-positive and Gram-negative rods as well as cocci from the human oral cavity were studied in the presence of 0.02 to 20.00 mg/ml sodium saccharin. All Gram-positive rods, i.e. Actinomyces viscosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Gram-positive cocci, i.e. Streptococcus spp, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus, were significantly inhibited by saccharin, especially at the higher concentrations. While Gram-negative cocci, i.e. Veillonella sp and Neisseria sicca were strongly inhibited by all tested saccharin concentrations, Gram-negative rods, i.e. the enterics and Acinetobacter sp, exhibited little if any inhibition. Saccharin caused a significant reduction in fermentative acid production congruent with observed growth.

Fermentation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dental caries].

Recent studies on the etiology and prevention of dental caries are synthetized. Caries is an infectious disease produced by the bacterial plaque where microorganisms act upon hydrocarbon substrate producing acids (lactic, pyruvic, acetic, etc.). These acids decalcify the enamel surface producing the carious cavity. The three types of caries are mentioned: 1. The sucrose-dependent caries on the free surfaces of the tooth with the Streptococcus mutans predominance. 2. The pits and fissures caries with Lactobacillus acidophilus predominance. 3. The root caries with Acinomyces viscosus predominance. Caries prevention points out to three aspects. 1. Increasing tooth resistance through the use of ingested fluoride and/or topical fluorides and pits and fissure sealants. 2. A profuse and promising research work on control of microbial plaque is being done. Meanwhile, the correct and periodically controlled toothbrushing is still the most efficient preventive measure. 3. Diet control. Being carbohydrates a deep rooted habit of our modern culture, its control has to be carefully evaluated. A judicious and reduced strategic consumption of carbohydrates and the use of substitutes are useful ways of achieving the preventive aims.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1996

Absence of bacterial DNA in the bladder of patients with interstitial cystitis.

PURPOSE: Although bacterial infection has been long considered a possible cause of interstitial cystitis (IC), no definitive proof for or against this hypothesis has been presented so far. We have used 16S rDNA bacterial polymerase chain reaction to study bladder biopsies and sterile urine samples from patients suffering from IC. This method is sensitive and detects all known eubacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bladder biopsies and sterile urine samples obtained by transabdominal puncture were studied from 11 patients with IC. As controls we studied 4 patients with other urological problems leading to partly similar symptoms and 5 healthy individuals. RESULTS: All samples from the IC patients were negative. One positive sample was obtained from a woman with a history of urinary tract infections who suffered from nonIC ulcerative cystitis. Her sterile urine sample yielded Lactobacillus acidophilus. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that an ongoing bacterial infection is not the cause of interstitial cystitis.

Cystitis, Interstitial↗
PubMed1997

Prevention of prematurity. A review of our activities during the last 25 years.

For 25 years we have been engaged in programs for prevention of prematurity. In the initial stages we tried to use lists which might indicate increased risk of prematurity to select groups with higher disposition in this direction, and to initiate more intensive care with these patients. The earlier results have been positive, but such programs required such high expenditure (of time, energy, and cost) that they could not permanently be maintained. Another supporting contribution for prematurity prevention was the introduction of vaginal disinfectant measures in cases of PROM. Historically, one of the most urgent tasks of obstetrics has been and is the reduction in the unwanted birth rate of very small prematures infants. Long-lasting impairments of these infants still occur too frequently. Ascending genital infections, particularly before 32 gestational weeks, are the most important cause of prematurity. This has been confirmed by the excellent results achieved after creating a complete barrier by an operative total cervical occlusion in cases with recurrent late abortions. It is difficult to realize programs for prematurity prevention based on socio-economic factors, because of the expense with the necessary increase in time and staff. Our new "Prematurity-Prevention-Program" is based mainly on the hypothesis that the ascension of genital infection directly affects prematurity. We found that in women with prematurity symptoms, signs of impairment of the immune system could be found, thus reinforcing the assumption that ascending infections are probably enhanced by such impairments. The best chance of preventing early prematurity is to employ a prophylactic screening program, preferably including self pH-measurement of all pregnant patients and paying additional attention to all other risk factors. The preliminary results of our "Prematurity-Prevention-Program" were encouraging. The rate of very small prematures with birth weight of less than 1.500 g in all participating pregnant patients is now clearly lower at 1.4% than in immediately previous pregnancies when the rate was 7.8%. The rate of extremely small infants of less than 1.000 g amounts now to 1.0%, compared to 4.0% previously. From another retrospective evaluation, we found that the earlier in the pregnancy the prematures are born, the more often their mothers have had pathologically elevated vaginal pH-levels upon admission. In premature births at less than 32 weeks of gestation, all fifteen of the mothers had increased pH-levels. For premature births of later gestation, the frequency was only 61%. Further, we noted that in 67% of all the nearly 700 pregnant patients evaluated, consistently normal pH-levels were present, while in 33% they were increased. In cases with increased vaginal pH-levels, lactobacillus acidophilus treatment was successful in more than 80% of the 75 patients after therapy of 5 +/- 3 days. By our program, we feel that a decisive step has been taken in achieving practical and efficient means of preventing premature births.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗