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PubMed1988

Family functioning of adolescents who parent and place for adoption.

While an extensive body of knowledge on adolescent sexual behavior and outcome has developed, current sociological and psychological studies of adolescents who place their babies for adoption are scant, often with inconclusive results. The level of family of origin functioning of adolescent parents and placers is even less frequently studied. This cross-sectional study of 84 adolescents attending an alternative high school for pregnant girls who recently made a placement or parenting decision assesses the family environment of teenagers in order to provide a broader understanding of these characteristics, which would assist practitioners in provision of services to this population. Using FACES II as the measure of family cohesion and adaptability, it was hypothesized that: (1) adolescent parents or placers would describe their families as being less functional than adolescent norms, (2) adolescents who placed their children for adoption would describe their families as being more functional than adolescents who parented their children, and (3) adolescents from the more functional families would report greater satisfaction with the placement decision than those from less functional families. Results indicate that Hypothesis 1 was supported, but contrary to Hypothesis 2, there were no significant differences in family functioning between placers and parents. Also, when comparing the discrepancy between adolescents' current and ideal family descriptions, no between-group differences were found. Because the vast majority of the respondents were satisfied with their placement or parenting decision, Hypothesis 3 also was not supported. Research needs and practice applications stemming from this study are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

An investigation of verbal interaction, knowledge of sexual behavior and self-concept in adolescent mothers.

Variables commonly considered to be major factors in contributing to the incidence of adolescent pregnancy may be only part of the total pattern. This study sought to examine the adolescent mothers' communication with significant others and their knowledge about sex, pregnancy, and birth control methods. Self-concepts of the adolescent mothers were compared with those of the published norms of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. The study included 23 adolescent mothers between the ages of 13 and 19 who were gravida 1 as indicated by their medical records. They were given a questionnaire constructed from previous research. They also completed a communication scale and the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. The findings of the present study indicated that most adolescent mothers considered their communication with their parent mothers to be one of mutual understanding. However, it appears that most adolescent mothers obtain much of their information about sex, pregnancy, and birth control methods from significant others. The self-concepts of these adolescent mothers were lower in comparison to the norm. The results indicate a need for further research in the area of adolescent sexual development, sex education in the school, and increased involvement of parents in the communication of sexual mores.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Adolescent pregnancy: effects of family support, education, and religion on the decision to carry or terminate among Puerto Rican teenagers.

Why do some pregnant teenagers decide to carry to term while others terminate their pregnancy? This study examined the influence of family relationships and support, religion, and education on the decision to carry or to abort. A nonrandom sample of 43 pregnant Puerto Rican teenagers (21 who carried and 22 who aborted) were interviewed in 1982 using a 34-item interview schedule. It was found that girls in the carry group were more significantly influenced and supported by family and friends than were those in the abort group. Fathers were the least influential persons in both carry and abort groups, while mothers were the most influential in the carry group, and sisters in the abort group. Brothers, boyfriends, and best friends were more influential for carry girls than for abort girls. Contrary to expectations, girls in the abort group reported a greater degree of religiosity than did those in the carry group. Further, girls who received strong support from family and friends reported a higher degree of satisfaction with their decision than did those who received less support. Finally, girls in the abort group were more likely to continue their education than were those in the carry group. Overall, the findings of this study have immediate implications for research and counseling services. Practitioners should focus on the girls in conjunction with their families in order to achieve better results in both treatment and preventive services.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1987

Epidemiology of contraception with steroids in Western Europe.

A study of contraceptive practice, essential knowledge and communication concerning contraception as well as the related perceptions was conducted among women aged 15-44 in Italy, France, Great Britain, Spain and the Federal Republic of Germany in the years 1984 and 1985. The pattern of contraceptive use and its differential varied strongly between countries. Knowledge, information and communications were observed to be different to a similar degree. Motives for changing contraceptive methods were largely inspired by concern for health and, to a lesser degree, reliability. Perceptions of contraceptive methods were found to be reasonably well in concurrence with reality, with the important exception of the perceptions of the health hazards of the pill which were largely overestimated, giving oral contraception and injustified bad image where effects on health are concerned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Electrophysiological contributions to the study of attention].

A selective review of electrophysiological studies of attention and attentional behavior is presented. The emphasis is placed on the contribution of cerebral event-related potentials (ERP) (evoked potentials) to the clarification of major issues, such as the role of peripheral versus central mechanisms and testing of hypotheses regarding selective attention. A number of clinical studies dealing mostly with diagnostic applications and therapeutic trials is discussed. The difficulties of interpretation and integration with other sources of knowledge on behavioral physiology are briefly discussed.

Attention↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Satisfied IUD acceptors as family planning motivators in Sri Lanka.

In this study, government midwives were teamed with currently satisfied IUD acceptors to strengthen field motivational and recruitment efforts. The objective was to increase the number of new IUD acceptors. In the experimental study areas, a total of 3,019 new IUD acceptors were recruited. Time series regression analysis revealed a significant difference between the experimental and comparison areas that was over and above what might be expected on the basis of the past history of differences between these two areas. These and other findings suggest that teaming currently satisfied acceptors with government field-workers can have a substantial impact on the recruitment of new family planning users.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1985

Factors associated with married women's selection of tubal sterilization and vasectomy.

Multivariate analyses of data from 248 married women scheduled for tubal sterilization and 165 wives of men scheduled for vasectomy indicated that male and female sterilization methods were selected for different reasons and under different circumstances. More specifically, the woman who underwent tubal sterilization was more likely to have perceived that she had greater influence than her husband over the sterilization decision, to have had cesarean section or vaginal delivery in association with sterilization, to have chosen tubal ligation because her spouse refused to undergo the alternative procedure or because it was convenient to combine it with delivery or other surgery, and to have had a spouse who was unwilling to be sterilized because of possible side effects associated with vasectomy. The woman whose husband underwent vasectomy was more likely to have been very fearful of surgery in general or especially fearful of reproductive surgery, to have known many men who already had had a vasectomy, to have perceived that her husband was more strongly motivated than herself to terminate childbearing, to have had a spouse who participated in birth control, and to have chosen vasectomy because it was easier or less expensive or because her physician advised against tubal sterilization.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive use during lactation in developing countries.

Contraceptive use by breastfeeding women in developing countries has led to concern about potentially harmful effects of steroid contraceptives on the health of breastfed children. In this paper, breastfeeding women's use of the pill and hormonal injections is investigated using survey data from 17 Latin American, Asian, and African countries. The results indicate that while the proportions of breastfeeding women who use these methods were small in most countries at the time of the surveys, the proportion using the pill was not inconsequential. In general, younger lactating women with higher education and more live births who live in urban areas are more likely to use the pill than other breastfeeding women.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1985

Childrearing of firstborns by adolescent and older mothers.

Adolescent and older mothers of firstborn infants were observed and interviewed to learn about their childrearing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Adolescent mothers knew as much about developmental milestones and had equally positive attitudes about childrearing as older mothers. No significant differences existed between groups during observed sessions of direct childcare interactions. However, adolescent mothers scored significantly lower than older mothers on a measure of overall stimulation provided for the infant. Also, adolescents relied more on relatives and their mothers for help and information about childcare, while older mothers turned more often to friends. Implications of these results for providers of service to adolescent mothers are discussed.

Adolescent↗