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PubMed2002

Lung inflammation induced by concentrated ambient air particles is related to particle composition.

The objectives of this study were (1) to determine whether short-term exposures to concentrated air particles (CAPs) cause pulmonary inflammation in normal rats and rats with chronic bronchitis (CB); (2) to identify the site within the lung parenchyma where CAPs-induced inflammation occurs; and (3) to characterize the component(s) of CAPs that is significantly associated with the development of the inflammatory reaction. Four groups of animals were studied: (1) air treated, filtered air exposed (air-sham); (2) sulfur dioxide treated (CB), filtered air exposed (CB-sham); (3) air treated, CAPs exposed (air-CAPs); and (4) sulfur dioxide treated, CAPs exposed (CB-CAPs). CB and normal rats were exposed by inhalation either to filtered air or CAPs during 3 consecutive days (5 hours/day). Pulmonary inflammation was assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and by measuring the numerical density of neutrophils (Nn) in the alveolar walls at the bronchoalveolar junction and in more peripheral alveoli. CAPs (as a binary exposure term) and CAPs mass (in regression correlations) induced a significant increase in BAL neutrophils and in normal and CB animals. Nn in the lung tissue significantly increased with CAPs in normal animals only. Greater Nn was observed in the central compared with peripheral regions of the lung. A significant dose-dependent association was found between many CAPs components and BAL neutrophils or lymphocytes, but only vanadium and bromine concentrations had significant associations with both BAL neutrophils and Nn in CAPs-exposed groups analyzed together. Results demonstrate that short-term exposures to CAPs from Boston induce a significant inflammatory reaction in rat lungs, with this reaction influenced by particle composition.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Wild rice, hypoallergenic rice--immunologic comparison.

Rice is a cereal that is mainly produced and widely consumed in Asian countries including Korea. Several reports have suggested a role of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity in asthma and eczema associated with ingestion or inhalation of rice. In Japan, hypoallergenic rices are used for a substitute of common rice in some atopic patients. We performed this study to identify major allergens of rice and changed allergenicity in cooked and hypoallergenic rice. We purified crude extracts from a variety of rice and analyzed their protein distributions by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Based on UniCAP test and skin-prick test, we selected sera with high sensitivity and analyzed specific IgE binding to rice by immunoblotting. In addition, the inhibition rate among some rice was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and CAP test. As the result of this study, rice with various origins and polishing levels had no difference in protein band pattern. After cooking, it was difficult to detect protein bands distributed in raw rice; and, even through IgE immunoblot analysis, it was impossible to differentiate between wild and hypoallergenic rice. In addition, both wild and hypoallergenic rice still had IgE binding activity on their remaining protein bands. In conclusion, almost all proteins of rice were excluded or weakened in the process of boiling and IgE binding activity still remained even in hypoallergenic rice.

Antigens, Plant↗
PubMed1984

Identification of desmosomal surface components (desmocollins) and inhibition of desmosome formation by specific Fab'.

Specific antibodies against the components of desmosomes, the adhesive junctions of epithelial cells, have been used to determine which components are located on the cell surface. Three criteria have been used: fluorescent antibody staining, immuno-gold labelling and electron microscopy, and quantitative measurements of antibody binding using [125I]protein A. When these techniques were applied to living Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells, antibodies against only two desmosomal components, glycoproteins of approximately 115 X 10(3) Mr and 100 X 10(3) Mr, bound to the cell surface. Antibodies against all other components, the 230 and 205 X 10(3) Mr proteins (desmoplakins), the 150 X 10(3) Mr glycoprotein and the 82 and 86 X 10(3) Mr proteins reacted in fluorescent antibody staining only after cells had been fixed and made permeable. MDBK cells were cultured in the presence of univalent fragments (Fab') of anti-desmosomal antibodies for periods from 24 h to 72 h. After these times cells were fixed, made permeable, and stained with anti-desmoplakin antibody to assay for desmosome formation. Fab' derived from anti-100 X 10(3) Mr protein specifically inhibited desmosome formation, whereas Fab's from anti-desmoplakin, anti-150 X 10(3) Mr and anti-82 and 86 X 10(3) Mr proteins were without effect. We conclude that the 100 X 10(3) Mr and the immunologically related 115 X 10(3) Mr components are located on the cell surface and are directly involved in cell-cell adhesion. We have named them desmocollins to denote that they are involved in the adhesive function of desmosomes. The modulation of desmocollin distribution during monolayer formation and establishment of epithelial polarity has also been studied. Fluorescent and immuno-gold labelling using Fab' or IgG at 4 degrees C revealed that desmocollins were initially evenly dispersed over the cell surface. Staining with IgG at 37 degrees C caused the desmocollins to "patch' but not to "cap'. With the establishment of confluency, desmocollins were gradually removed from the upper surfaces of the cells (or masked and rendered inaccessible to antibody) being confined to the lateral and probably basal regions of the cells. Treatment of confluent monolayers with 3 mM-EGTA rendered the desmocollins stainable, probably by causing their release from lateral constraint. Desmocollin staining at the cell surface was not appreciably reduced during 5 h of EGTA treatment, suggesting that desmocollins, unlike desmosomal plaques, may not be internalized after junction breakdown.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

ENA/VASP proteins: multifunctional regulators of actin cytoskeleton dynamics.

The spatial and temporal regulation of the actin cytoskeleton is fundamental to several cellular processes as diverse as cell motility and immune responses. At the molecular level, the remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton depends on two key events: actin filament nucleation and elongation. Seminal studies on the actin-based intracellular motility of the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes have been instrumental for the characterisation of a class of actin filament elongating factors, the proteins of the Ena/VASP family. Ena/VASP proteins enhance actin filament elongation via the recruitment of profilin:actin complexes to sites of active actin remodelling such as the tips of spreading lamellipodia and the surface of intracellular Listeria. Moreover, Ena/VASP proteins not only enhance actin filament elongation but also influence the activity of the Arp2/3 complex and counteract the inhibition of actin polymerisation by capping proteins. These findings, taken together with the observation that Ena/VASP proteins can influence actin filament architecture by affecting the actin filament branching activity of the Arp2/3 complex, define Ena/VASP proteins as multifunctional organisers of the actin cytoskeleton.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1964

A TREATMENT FOR SEBORRHEA CAPITIS (CRADLE CAP).

Forty-eight infants with seborrhea capitis were treated with a preparation containing a polypeptide-fatty acid complex and tyrothricin in a propylene glycol vehicle, to determine if this material was non-toxic and if it was effective in the treatment of infantile seborrheic dermatitis. In this uncontrolled study, the preparation was effective in 45 of 48 infants so treated; a possible mild sensitivity reaction was observed in one infant.

Dandruff↗
PubMed2006

Use of capecitabine after renal allograft transplantation in dog erythrocyte antigen-matched dogs.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the use of a capecitabine (CAP)-based regimen after renal transplantation in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, pilot study. ANIMALS: Healthy, unrelated, dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA)-matched, adult beagles. METHOD: Standard heterotopic renal transplantation with native nephrectomy was performed in 7 dogs. Dogs received oral, twice daily, CAP (250 mg/m2), cyclosporine-A (CsA) (4 mg/kg), ketoconazole (5 mg/kg), and prednisolone (0.25 mg/kg). After 90 days the surviving dogs were euthanatized and complete necropsy was performed. RESULTS: Seven transplants were performed. All dogs survived surgery. Six dogs had acute neurotoxicity, which resulted in death or euthanasia of 2 dogs within 2 days of surgery. In the remaining dogs, toxicity resolved rapidly with cessation of drug administration. Thereafter, modification of the regimen minimized toxicity. The 5 remaining dogs survived to study end; 4 dogs had no evidence of graft rejection. Necropsy examination was mostly unremarkable in all dogs. There were no major changes in CBC or biochemical values, except for a significant increase in serum calcium. CONCLUSIONS: CAP appeared well tolerated in most dogs. Toxicity occurred but abated with modification of the drug regimen. Efficacy for postoperative immunosuppression cannot be determined by this study, although results are promising. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CAP-CsA-prednisolone is an effective, oral immunosuppressive regimen for prevention of acute allograft rejection in DEA-matched beagles. Further studies on dose, toxicity, and efficacy compared with current immunosuppressive regimens are needed before use in clinical practice.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Rituximab treatment for resistant antiphospholipid syndrome.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) can be challenging to treat. As they are rare, clinicians are not often exposed to these complex diseases. For the patient resistant to standard treatments new therapeutic directions can be perplexing, especially in the context of ongoing thromboses and bleeding episodes. We describe 3 patients, 2 with APS and one with CAPS, resistant to conventional medications, who responded to treatment with rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. Since rituximab infusion, all the patients have had stable platelet counts and no further episodes of bleeding or thromboses.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Leukocytes and arteriosclerosis].

Human atherosclerotic plaques contain two type of leucocytes: 1. Monocytes/macrophages comprise almost two thirds of the cells in the center of the lesion (lipid core), and a quarter of the cells in its periphery (fibrous cap); 2. T lymphocytes comprise 10 to 15% of the plaque cells. Polymorphonuclear granulocytes are only present in very small number. The abundance of leucocytes, together with sclerosis and proliferation of mesenchymatous cells (arterial smooth muscle cells), confer to atherosclerosis the aspect of a chronic inflammatory reaction, a fact which has been recognised for a long time. Monocytes/macrophages may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis in several ways: stimulation of the fibro-muscular reaction, endothelial injury, accumulation of intimal lipids. The role of T lymphocytes is still poorly understood. According to some observations, they might be involved in an immunological reaction of the arterial wall which could be determinant in the evolution of the lesion. Arterial leucocytes have somewhat complicated, but also widened our pathogenic hypotheses of atherosclerosis. A major issue now is to identify the nature of the arterial aggressions which provoke the involvement of leucocytes, and the reasons why the defences they oppose are overwhelmed to result eventually in severe thrombo-occlusive events. Recent evidence has strengthened the possibility that viral infection plays a role in atherosclerosis. Beyond their pathogenic interest, these acquisitions might soon provide interesting therapeutic approaches.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1997

[Cellular antigen stimulation test (CAST)--applicability in the diagnosis of insect toxin allergies].

In the CAST, blood leukocytes are prestimulated with the cytokine IL-3 and exposed to allergen(s). Mainly basophiles react by synthesizing sulfidoleukotrienes (sLT), namely LTC4 and its metabolites LTD4 and LTE4. They are detected by ELISA technique. 66 patients with suspected allergy to hymenoptera venoms were evaluated. Allergic reactions comprised all severity grades (I-IV ref. H. L. Mueller). The workup included skin tests (up to 1 microgram/ml, Pharmacia), measurement of specific serum IgE with RAST-CAP (Pharmacia), and CAST with three concentrations of bee (Apis mellifera) and wasp (Vespula spec.) venom (Aquagen ALK). A control group of 13 nonallergic, RAST-CAP negative individuals was established. CAST demonstrated pronounced variations of individual s-LT synthesis in patients and controls. The use of elevated cut-offs improved the results, while the use of three allergen concentrations did not increase reliability. Diagnostic accuracy of CAST was evaluated by comparison with skin tests as the "gold standard". With bee venom and a cut-off at 3 standard deviations, a sensitivity and specificity of 73%/71% was obtained. Wasp venom showed better results at 2 standard deviations, with a sensitivity and specificity of 68%/100%. CAST results were not influenced by the severity of the allergic reaction nor by the time lapse since the sting had occurred. In conclusion, CAST is a valuable test in insect sting allergy. However, established methods such as skin tests and RAST-CAP achieve better results. CAST should therefore be considered a supplementary method in cases where established methods fail. It remains to be shown whether CAST can be used as a parameter for monitoring patients who have undergone immunotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Immunologic characterization of natural and recombinant Mal f 1 yeast allergen.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with atopic dermatitis (AD) often have IgE antibodies against protein components of Malassezia furfur. The cDNA encoding one of these proteins (Mal f 1) has recently been cloned and sequenced. OBJECTIVE: We sought to express recombinant Mal f 1 (rMal f 1) allergen in large quantities by using different expression systems. The primary aim was to characterize the IgE-binding properties of rMal f 1 in comparison with its natural counterpart in M furfur extract. METHODS: We have expressed and purified Mal f 1 from prokaryotic (Escherichia coli) and eukaryotic cells (baculovirus-infected insect cells). The rMal f 1 produced in both systems has been tested for the ability to be recognized by IgE from patients with specific serum IgE to M furfur by using immunoblotting and the Pharmacia CAP System RAST FEIA. RESULTS: Sixty-one percent of sera from 95 patients showed positive RAST responses to the rMal f 1 produced in the baculovirus expression system and 43% to the E coli -produced rMal f 1. Both the E coli - and baculovirus-produced proteins can specifically inhibit IgE binding to a 36-kd protein band (Mal f 1) in immunoblotting, indicating that the recombinant proteins contain the majority, if not all, the IgE-binding epitopes of Mal f 1. Recombinant Mal f 1 is able to release histamine from basophils of an atopic individual. CONCLUSION: We have expressed and purified rMal f 1, which can bind IgE in a way resembling natural Mal f 1. The ability to produce recombinant allergens with similar properties to their native counterparts has many potential uses, such as accurately diagnosing causes of IgE-mediated allergy.

Allergens↗
PubMed1994

Intestinal microbial translocation: immunologic consequences and effects of interleukin-4.

BACKGROUND: Administration of a chemically defined, liquid, elemental diet (CDD) results in intestinal microbial translocation, but the immunologic consequences of this process are unclear. This study evaluated the effects of CDD feeding and interleukin-4 (IL-4) administration on mesenteric lymphocyte, peritoneal macrophage (PMO), and hepatic Kupffer cell (KC) functions. METHODS: BALB/C mice (n = 60) were randomized to receive a paired feeding of regular diet (RD) or a CDD for 14 days. Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and cecum were cultured for bacteria. Mixed lymphocyte response and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte function of MLN lymphocytes were assayed. PMO and KC were harvested to measure tumor necrosis factor production, macrophage binding of fluorescent-labeled lipopolysaccharide, and Candida albicans phagocytosis (CAP) and killing (CAK); KC-hepatocyte interaction was assessed by hepatocyte protein synthesis. In a second study 75 BALB/c mice received RD, CDD, and CDD+IL-4 (30,000 units/mouse intraperitoneally). MLN lymphocyte and PMO functions were measured and intestinal immunoglobulin A levels were determined. RESULTS: Oral feeding of a CDD resulted in significant impairment of mesenteric lymphocyte mixed lymphocyte response and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte functions and decreased PMO tumor necrosis factor production, fluorescent-labeled lipopolysaccharide binding, CAP, and CAK. KC function was preserved in CDD-fed mice. Administration of IL-4 significantly reduced the incidence of bacteria positive MLN and increased PMO superoxide production, CAP, CAK, and MLN lymphocyte mitogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Use of IL-4 may be beneficial in situations where intestinal microbial translocation contributes to sepsis.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The major allergen (parvalbumin) of codfish is encoded by at least two isotypic genes: cDNA cloning, expression and antibody binding of the recombinant allergens.

The major allergen (parvalbumin) from cod, designated Allergen M Gad c 1, has been intensively studied both from the structural and immunological sides. In the present study, transcripts of two isotypic parvalbumin genes in Atlantic cod were identified and characterized. Subsequently, subfragments were inserted into the expression vector pET-19b, generating plasmids with coding capacity for complete parvalbumin polypeptides fused to an N-terminal his(10) tag. Most of the recombinant products were found in the soluble fraction of the expression host Escherichia coli. The target proteins showed to react with polyclonal antibodies raised against Allergen M and demonstrated binding to specific IgE from 12 sera of patients allergic to cod in ELISA inhibition experiments. Sera with classes 4 and 5 CAP FEIA exhibited also strong binding to recombinant parvalbumins in immunoblots.

Allergens↗
PubMed2002

Development of new IgE specificities to allergenic components in birch pollen extract during specific immunotherapy studied with immunoblotting and Pharmacia CAP System.

BACKGROUND: New IgE sensitizations to proteins in allergen extracts have been shown to occur during allergen-specific immunotherapy (IT). However little is known about the kinetics of the changes in antibody reactivities. METHODS: Twenty-four allergic children and adults were treated with birch pollen rush IT (RIT). Fifteen matched patients served as allergic controls. Sera were obtained at regular intervals for up to three years and analyzed with immunoblotting and Pharmacia CAP System with recombinant (r) birch pollen allergens (rBet v 1, rBet v 2, and rBet v 4). RESULTS: All birch-allergic patients had specific IgE to the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, but only three had IgE to rBet v 2 and/or rBet v 4 at the beginning of the study. New IgE sensitizations developed in 65% of the birch RIT-treated patients when studied by immunoblotting. Twenty-nine percent of the patients developed new sensitizations to rBet v 2 and/or rBet v 4 during RIT as measured by Pharmacia CAP System. Generally, new specific IgE reactivities occurred after at least one year of RIT, and only at low levels (< 1 kUA/l). CONCLUSIONS: Sensitization to additional allergenic pollen components frequently occurs during prolonged birch RIT. However, the IgE levels are low and the clinical relevance is not known.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Cow's milk protein-specific IgE concentrations in two age groups of milk-allergic children and in children achieving clinical tolerance.

BACKGROUND: IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is usually outgrown in children by the age of 3 years. The immunological responses to cow's milk proteins in children who achieve tolerance, in comparison with those who remain allergic, however, are not well described. OBJECTIVE: To compare the level of cow's milk protein-specific IgE among children with documented CMPA under the age of 3 years, another group over the age of 9 years (persistent allergy), and in another group of children in whom clinical tolerance developed. METHODS: Stored sera from children with CMPA were analysed for IgE antibodies specific for whole cow's milk, casein, whey, alpha-lactalbumin (ALA), beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) using the Pharmacia CAP System FEIA. RESULTS: Within each group of CMPA children, the concentration of specific IgE antibody to casein proteins was not significantly different from that to whey proteins. However, children in the group with CMPA over 9 years of age had significantly greater concentrations of whole milk (P = 0.02) and casein-specific (P = 0. 04) IgE antibodies compared with the group of children with CMPA under age 3 years. Children under the age of 3 years had a higher median concentration of casein-specific IgE (20.2 vs. 5.5, P = 0.04) than another group of 11 children (mean age 3.5 years), who later lost their milk allergy. Out of 16 children who lost sensitivity to milk, 75% had milk-specific IgE levels below 14.3 kUA/L (median, 1.3 kUA/L). CONCLUSIONS: Although a dominant allergenic milk protein fraction was not identified within either of the two age groups, those with persistent CMPA over age 9 years had significantly elevated levels of milk and casein-specific IgE compared with younger children with CMPA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Independence of H-2 and viral antigens on the cell surface and absence of H-2 antigens on murine leukemia virus and mouse mammary tumor virus particles.

By indirect immunoelectron microscopy we tested for the presence of H-2 antigens on murine mammary tumor virus (MMTV) and murine leukemia virus (MuLV) particles. The association of H-2 antigens and viral antigens on the virus-infected cell surface was investigated with antibody-induced redistribution. Mammary tumor cells and leukemia cell lines with different H-2 genotypes and carrying different MuMTV or MuLV were used. No H-2 antigens could be demonstrated on the envelope of MMTV and MuLV particles, even after the permeabilization of their envelopes with saponin. On the surface of virus-infected cells antibody-induced patching or capping of the viral antigens did not result in copatching or cocapping of the H-2 antigens. In the reciprocal tests no co-redistribution of viral antigens with H-2 antigens was seen. Our experiments failed to show any physical association between H-2 antigens and MMTV or MuLV antigens on the cell surface.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

Relevance of the determination of serum-specific IgE antibodies in the diagnosis of immediate beta-lactam allergy.

BACKGROUND: Allergic reactions to beta-lactams are the most frequent cause of adverse drug reactions mediated by specific immunologic mechanisms. They can be explored by in vivo and/or in vitro tests. The measurement of serum-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) presents several advantages: safety, simplicity, and availability to nonallergologist physicians. OBJECTIVES: To establish the diagnostic value of specific IgE determination in the diagnosis procedure of immediate beta-lactam allergy. METHODS: The in vitro determination of beta-lactam-specific IgE antibodies was compared in three well-defined groups of patients (n=45): one with negative skin tests and a positive drug provocation test, another with positive skin tests, and a third control exposed population with good tolerance. Two techniques were used: the CAP-FEIA system (Phadia) commercially available and a homemade radioallergosorbent test (RAST). RESULTS: The specificity of CAP-FEIA ranged from 83.3% to 100% and sensitivity from 0% to 25% depending on initial clinical manifestations. The specificity of RAST was between 66.7% and 83.3% and sensitivity 42.9% and 75%. In the subgroup of patients with an anaphylactic shock and negative skin tests, the sensitivity and specificity of RAST were 75%. Positive and negative predictive values were 45.5% and 77.1% with CAP-FEIA and 38.5% and 81.5% with RAST, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that, although the specificity of beta-lactam-specific IgE measurement is good, sensitivity is low. Immunoglobulin E measurement should be limited to patients with a clinical history of anaphylactic shock and negative skin tests in order to avoid a drug provocation test. More sensitive assays should be developed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Non-allergic type of atopic dermatitis among patients of Allergic Diseases Diagnostic Center, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań].

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of unclear etiopathogenesis. It belongs to the group of atopic diseases and an IgE-mediated uptake and antigen focusing of environmental allergens by IgE-bearing dendritic cells is assumed to be a central immunopathogenetic event resulting in clinical appearance of AD. In case of non-allergic (intrinsic) type of AD, non IgE-related factors are involved in the process. Potential immunological and clinical differences between allergic and non-allergic type of the disease are still being investigated. The aim of our study was to evaluate prevalence of non-allergic and allergic type of AD among patients of Allergic Diseases Diagnostic Center, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań between 2001 and 2002. We investigated 161 patients with AD and selected factors influencing course of the disease such as age, gender, month of birth, population of the region and characteristics of sensitizing allergens were analyzed. Allergological diagnostics consisted of skin prick tests and measurements of total and antigen specific IgE concentrations in sera of investigated patients (FEIA CAP). Non-allergic type of AD was registered in 38.5% of the investigated population. There was no significant difference between allergic and non-allergic type of AD in terms of month of birth and living conditions (urban areas or countryside). Especially in the case of children evaluations of total and antigen specific IgE serum concentrations were helpful in verification of skin prick test results. In the group of patients with allergic type of AD grass pollen allergens were sensitizing most frequently and finally type of sensitizing airborne allergens may be at least partially related to the environmental characteristics of the region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The Mr 95,000 gelatin-binding protein in differentiated human macrophages and granulocytes.

Cultured adherent human macrophages and a promonocytic cell line, U 937, were previously shown to produce a Mr 95,000 gelatin-binding protein. The protein has no immunologic cross-reactivity with the well-characterized gelatin-binding protein fibronectin and the Mr 70,000 gelatin-binding protein produced by a variety of mesenchymal or epithelial cell types (T. Vartio et al, J Biol Chem 257:8862, 1982). In the present study the Mr 95,000 protein was found in Triton X-100 extracts of granulocytes purified from human blood buffy coat. The protein, as isolated by gelatin-agarose, was immunologically cross-reactive with the corresponding macrophage protein in immunoblotting assay. When peripheral blood and bone marrow cells were examined for the presence of the Mr 95,000 protein by indirect immunofluorescence, positive staining was detected only in differentiated granulocytes but not to any significant extent in metamyelocytes, myelocytes, promyelocytes, or in normal or leukemic blasts. In granulocytes the protein had a granular cytoplasmic distribution. In freshly prepared monocyte cultures, the Mr 95,000 protein was detected in low amounts in the cytoplasm, while along with differentiation of the cells into macrophages, the immunofluorescence increased in a reticular and vesicular cytoplasmic pattern and in a juxtanuclear cap, probably representing the Golgi complex. In conclusion, the Mr 95,000 gelatin-binding protein was specifically detected in macrophages and granulocytes and may thus serve as a differentiation marker for these phagocytic cells.

Adult↗