Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Handicapped”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Quality of life, disability and handicap in patients with toxic oil syndrome.

AIM: This paper reports an investigation of the quality of life of patients most severely affected by toxic oil syndrome and the association between quality of life and disability variables, handicaps and depression. BACKGROUND: In 1981, an epidemic occurred in Central and Northwestern Spain. The illness, now called toxic oil syndrome (TOS), appeared to be caused by consumption of oil mixtures containing rapeseed oil denatured with aniline and affected over 20,000 individuals. Today, it is classified as a chronic disease that has resulted in a large number of sequelae. METHOD: From the 1031 people classified with permanent disability, a random sample of 292 individuals was selected. A structured interview was carried out to investigate the clinical aspects. The Nottingham Health Profile Questionnaire was used to assess quality of life. To study the relationship between quality of life and disability, handicap and depression, a univariate analysis was carried out. The chi-square test was used for inter-group comparisons. A P-value of 0.05 was adopted as the limit for inclusion of a variable in the multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was undertaken using logistic regression. RESULTS: Two hundred and fourteen patients were interviewed (79% response rate). Mean age was 59.3 (sd: 12.7) years. Quality of life mean score was 52.8 (sd: 22.6). The variables associated with poorer quality of life perception were depression [odds ratio (OR) = 9.66, confidence interval (CI) = 3.71-25.15], role-related disabilities (occupation role: OR = 2.82 CI = 1.28-6.22) and mobility (bending/picking up: OR = 4.74, CI = 2.31-9.72), as well as economic problems (OR = 1.62, CI = 1.07-2.46). CONCLUSION: The quality of life of those most severely affected by TOS is poor. Their health profile is characterized by depression and important functional and psycho-social disabilities that limit daily living activities and social roles, and are related to self-perceptions of poor quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Age and mortality trends in residents of an institution for the mentally handicapped.

Ten years' statistics of age and mortality trends in a large institution are reported. It is shown that the residents are still an ageing population and that the higher mortality of the mentally handicapped is largely due to deaths from respiratory causes, as previously reported. Down syndrome is separately analysed and shows a sharp rise in mortality at a considerably earlier age than other mentally handicapped residents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of adoption of the intellectually handicapped: a retrospective analysis of 137 cases.

The current shortage of babies for adoption has led increasingly to the adoption of infants with evident as likely handicaps. An analysis of 137 infants surrendered for adoption over a period of thirty years who suffered from some degree of intellectual handicap provides information on the outcome of this type of adoption. An objective rating scale was used to examine the relationship of the child in the adoptive family (or in the foster family if this was the alternative to adoption). It was shown that a third of the adoptees had a good or belonging relationship in the family. In less than a quarter the relationship had failed badly. The remainder had problems which were being handled in a satisfactory manner, considering the difficulty of the situation. The measured variables which worsened the outcome were a severe or profound degree of retardation, the presence of a genetic disorder in the child, increasing age and difficult behaviour, particularly when a child of borderline or dull normal intelligence was placed with an "intellectual" family. The knowledge of the natural parents family medical history, even in the presence of a genetic disorder, favoured the adoptive relationship. The presence of a congential anomaly in the child led to deferral of adoption but did not increase the likelihood of institutionalisation in this series. All these families required continuation of advice and support and suitable facilities for the care and education of the child.

Adoption↗
PubMed1983

A register of mentally handicapped individuals using a microcomputer.

The Kensington and Chelsea and Westminster Mental Handicap Register described in this paper was commissioned by the Area Planning Team for the Mentally Handicapped, on behalf of the two local authorities and the Area Health Authority. The register was designed and implemented for the authorities by the Kensington and Chelsea and Westminster Health Information Unit, which forms part of the Department of Community Medicine of Westminster Medical School.

Computers↗
PubMed1984

Evaluating community care for the mentally handicapped adult: a comparison of hostel, home and hospital care.

While community care for mentally handicapped adults has been received enthusiastically, there have been few attempts to evaluate this form of care. This paper reports a study of two hostels for mentally handicapped adults. By employing an experimental research design, it aimed to test the hypothesis that small, community based residences provide an environment in which individuals can acquire the skills necessary for independent living. Using Gunzberg's Progress Assessment Charts as an indicator, the residents of one hostel achieved significant improvements in the areas of self-help, communication, socialization and occupation over the year following admission. A group of matched controls living at home showed no such improvements, and a group of matched controls living in hospital showed a less certain and less dramatic improvement. A small group of people living in a second hostel also showed significant gains in social competence. The paper also discusses problems in the design and implementation of experimental studies in this field.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The mentally handicapped adult's concepts of good and bad acts.

As a component of a pretraining investigation of the moral knowledge of 100 mentally handicapped adults (56 females, 44 males), the spontaneous definitions of 'good' and 'bad' acts were acquired. The results suggest that these concepts are predominantly consequence oriented and that mentally handicapped adults experience confusion in the use of these two terms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Mental handicap, psychosis and thyrotoxicosis: a demonstration of the usefulness of an integrated community and hospital service.

A case is described of a moderately mentally handicapped woman referred to the local community mental handicap team with a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder--manic phase. There was a possible association between her manic state and hyperthyroidism. Assessment and management were complicated by the development of neuroleptic-induced catatonia. The desirability of access to a local general psychiatric unit is discussed.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1985

How to keep quiet: some withdrawal strategies in mentally handicapped adults.

In mental handicap, communication is frequently disrupted not only by the lack of linguistic skills but also by behaviour problems, in particular communicative withdrawal. Three cases illustrate types of withdrawal and interview features and show how the Communicative Style Scale (CSS) is used to analyse strategies by which mentally handicapped subjects maintain withdrawal.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Visual discrimination learning in mentally handicapped adults: comparative effects of two-choice and multiple-choice training methods on stimulus generalization performance.

The hypothesis that in mentally handicapped subjects a multi-choice discrimination learning method would result in superior generalization performance to the traditional two-choice method was investigated experimentally. Twenty-four mentally handicapped adults matched for age, intelligence and duration of institutionalization were divided into two equal groups and given visual discrimination training using a differential reinforcement, prompt-fading procedure. The groups were allocated separately to a two-choice and four-choice training condition in which the discriminative stimulus was associated with one and three non-discriminative stimuli respectively. Following training, stimulus discrimination performance was compared on a generalization test comprising increasing levels of distraction. The results showed a clear advantage for multi-choice training over two-choice. However, it was found that during generalization testing discriminative performance deteriorated as a function of increasing distraction in both groups, suggesting an underlying selective attention defect. Such a defect may be characteristic of stimulus generalization performance in the mentally retarded. Multi-choice discrimination learning appeared partly to counteract major generalization failure when the ratio of non-discriminative to discriminative stimuli was high.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Psychiatric and behaviour disturbance in mental handicap.

This study reports on the relationship between behavioural and psychiatric perceptions of mentally handicapped subjects. A Standardised Psychiatric Interview schedule was found to characterise psychiatric problems in the mentally handicapped along eight dimensions: depression, neurasthenia, psychoticism, phobias, histrionic elation, hypochondria, mental retardation and medication effects. A Behavioural Disturbance Scale characterised disturbances along six dimensions: aggressive conduct, mood disturbance, withdrawal, antisocial conduct, idiosyncratic mannerisms and self-injury. The relationships between the two modes of assessment were investigated using multiple regression. Clinical features were not expressed in behaviour disturbances, nor were they related to age, sex or hospitalisation. The communicativeness of an interviewee was, however, found to limit the detection of depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Cognitive changes after social skills training with young mildly mentally handicapped adults.

There have been several recent reports which indicate that social skills training may be a useful technique for helping mentally handicapped adults who have social defects. These reports have focused on the acquisition of skills and abilities and there has been a relative lack of emphasis on cognitive factors. In general clinical work, the author has been aware that cognitions are crucial in the social performance of mildly mentally handicapped people and this paper uses three case studies to illustrate the importance of cognitions in their social functioning. The case studies provide examples of poor self concept, lack of confidence, anxiety-related self statements and antagonistic attitudes towards interaction. They also illustrate that it is not necessary for patients to change their social skills for there to be concurrent cognitive changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The health status of mild to moderate intellectually handicapped adolescents.

To assist in the planning of school health services for the intellectually handicapped, a comprehensive evaluation of physical and emotional health, and social competence was completed on a group of students attending a school for educably retarded adolescents (IQ ranging form 60 to 85). This evaluation included a review of the school health records, a medical history, physical examination, and a parent-completed questionnaire assessing their child's behaviour and social competence. Abnormal physical findings included short stature (24%), impaired vision (49%) and impaired hearing (20%). In six of eight female and seven of nine male subscales of deviant behaviour, 20% or more of the students scored abnormally high (above the ninety-eighth percentile). An extreme degree of social isolation was found in 35% of the sample. Only 31% had a primary care physician, while 63% utilized episodic emergency room care. Handicapped adolescents participating in this study demonstrated a high prevalence of physical, emotional and socialization problems compounded by inadequate primary care supervision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Cognitive and behavioural profiles of the elderly mentally handicapped.

In 148 mentally handicapped in-patients aged between 65 and 88 years, evidence was found for ongoing intellectual development in adulthood until late middle-age. This was usually followed by a decline in intellectual functioning which became significant in 18%. For these, intellectual deterioration was associated with deficient self-care skills, poor orientation and staff reports of deterioration. It was not related to previous ability levels or prolonged hospitalization. For the entire sample, competence in self-care skills was high though behaviour disturbance was present in about half. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the care and training of the elderly mentally handicapped.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Intestinal obstruction as a cause of death in the mentally handicapped.

This paper reviews the occurrence of symptoms of intestinal obstruction in mentally handicapped people. A retrospective study was done on all residents dying in mental handicap hospitals over a 7-year period. It was noticed that people dying of intestinal obstruction were younger, male, gave a history of constipation, other gastrointestinal problems and dietary indiscretion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Sensorimotor intelligence in severely mentally handicapped children.

The pattern of cognitive development in severely mentally handicapped children was assessed with the Uzgiris-Hunt (1975) Scales of Infant Psychological Development, which measure pre-verbal sensorimotor intelligence. The normative data on which Uzgiris & Hunt constructed the Scales were used for the comparison. The results indicated considerable deficits in the handicapped children, particularly in imitation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Adaptation of the Zung self-rating anxiety scale for people with a mental handicap.

There are few instances of studies which elicit mentally handicapped subjects' views of their own anxiety. This may be because the assessments available are inappropriate and poorly understood by the client group. The present study sets out to adapt the Zung self-rating anxiety scale for use with mentally handicapped subjects. Items were rephrased to ensure understanding, although a small degree of standardization may have been lost in this process. Similarly, response presentations were altered to ensure a reliable understanding on behalf of subjects. It was found that a simple response concerning presence or absence of the anxiety symptom was most reliable.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The mentally handicapped person with epilepsy: a comparative study investigating psychosocial functioning.

A sample of institutionalized, mentally handicapped adults who suffered from epilepsy was compared with a matched control group without epilepsy in order to investigate profiles of adaptive skills and of behavioural disturbance. Results suggested that mentally handicapped people with epilepsy have consistently poorer life skills than their peers with no epilepsy but behavioural disturbance was not significantly elevated, except for a small sub-group whose epilepsy was resistant to pharmacological control. These results are discussed with reference to past research and management implications are considered.

Activities of Daily Living↗