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Evidence for diploidy and mating in trypanosomes.

The question of whether any sexual process takes place at some stage of the life cycle of the trypanosome has often been raised and crosses between different drug-resistant strains have provided no convincing answer. Multinucleate forms of trypanosomes have been observed by electron microscopy but their significance and origin remain obscure. As part of a study aimed at examining the speciation and genetics of the Trypanosoma brucei complex of trypanosomes, a series of isolates from a population of T.b. brucei have been screened for electrophoretic variation in 19 enzymes. The results of this survey, reported here, provide strong evidence that trypanosomes are diploid and undergo random mating and recombination.

Animals↗

Homology and non-homology at the yeast mating type locus.

Four mutations of the alpha mating type locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been analysed to determine their relationship to the a mating type locus. Mat alpha+ recombinations are produced by mat alpha 2-/MAT but not by mat alpha 1-/MATa diploids. MAT alpha and MATa thus contain regions of homology (coding for at least part of MAT alpha 2) and regions of non-homology (coding for at least part of MAT alpha 1)-the genetic determinant for cell type is larger than the non-homologous sequence seen by DNA-DNA heteroduplexes and genetic analysis. The segment transposed in mating type interconversion includes both types of sequence.

Base Sequence↗

A recombination.

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Mutation↗

Cancer epidemiology in the last century and the next decade.

By the early 1980s, epidemiologists had identified many important causes of cancer. They had also proposed the 'multi-stage' model of cancer, although none of the hypothesized events in human carcinogenesis had then been identified. The remarkable advances in cell and molecular biology over the past two decades have transformed the scope and methods of cancer epidemiology. There have been a few new discoveries based purely on traditional methods, and many long-suspected minor risks have been estimated more precisely. But modern epidemiological studies often depend on genetic, biochemical or viral assays that had not been developed 20 years ago.

Body Weight↗

Solving the puzzle of mirror-image flowers.

Enantiostyly is a plant sexual polymorphism in which female sex organs are deflected to the left or right -- resulting in 'mirror-image' flowers -- but, although it occurs in at least a dozen unrelated families of flowering plants, its adaptive significance has been unclear. Here we show that a mendelian locus governs the inheritance of style orientation and that this curious form of sexual asymmetry functions to promote cross-pollination in bee-pollinated plants.

Animals↗