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PubMed1998

[Gender in view].

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Americas↗
PubMed2002

[Adolescent psychiatry addiction centers--necessary and effective? Treatment follow-up of adolescent psychiatric treatment and rehabilitation for adolescent drug addicts].

194 patients who were referred to adolescent psychiatry inpatient unit (98) and a drug rehabilitation unit (96) in 1999 and 2000 were compared as to sociodemographic variables, comorbidity and course of treatment. Female patients were overrepresented in the psychiatry unit, whereas in the rehab unit more immigrants or referrals from juvenile detention were treated. Most psychiatry patients were comorbid with at least one, a quarter with more than one additional diagnosis and had less polysubstance dependence (69%). Due to a drop out rate of 71% in the patients with a criminal justice status, rehab patients did not complete treatment as often as psychiatry patients. Three years after their first dismissal and, in some cases, after several new admissions, 60% of rehabilitation clients completed the program. Both settings have their own right in the system because comorbid patients need highly individualized therapy, and rehab patients need programs able to address school-based, family-related, and gender-specific issues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Issues regarding practical validity and gender bias of the Perceptual Abilities Test (PAT).

A brief history of the Dental Admission Test is provided, with emphasis on the development and utilization of the Perceptual Abilities Test (PAT). Concerns regarding the predictive utility of the PAT are discussed, and alternative approaches to assessing perceptual and motor skills are examined. To assess the predictive validity of the PAT, scores were collected for 492 students who graduated from the University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry over a ten-year period. Scores were compared to Preclinical Operative Dentistry practical exam scores for each subject. Correlational analysis indicated the PAT maintains a statistically significant capacity for predicting technical performance in dental school, but the practical significance of the predictive capacity is limited. The results also indicate a gender bias favoring male applicants. Implications regarding continued reliance by admissions committees on the Perceptual Abilities Test are discussed and recommendations are provided, including modification of the PAT, use of the PAT only as a gross screening tool, and discontinuing the use of the PAT in making dental school admission decisions.

Aptitude Tests↗
PubMed2003

What schools can do to help gay/lesbian/bisexual youth: a harm.

In recognition of the fact that heterosexism is one of the most significant realities of adolescents' day-to-day experiences in school, this paper examines the school environment in terms of disempowering and empowering aspects. It is argued that failure to take a proactive stance to help youth with gender identity issues is a major cause of psychological problems, leading in some cases to suicide, alcohol and other drug abuse, and homelessness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Achieving professional autonomy for nursing.

A profession's specific skills are supported by an organised and internally consistent body of knowledge. Through the introduction of the nursing process and 'holism', nursing is striving to gain professional autonomy and an identity independent of medicine. The status of nursing cannot be raised without tackling the issue of gender.

Holistic Nursing↗
PubMed1995

AIDS prevention with adolescents.

Prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among adolescents is increasingly recognized as an important public health priority. Sexual risk acts associated with HIV/AIDS transmission (unprotected sexual intercourse with multiple partners of unknown serostatus) are typically initiated by late adolescence, with many youths engaging in sexual relations earlier. Despite being well informed about HIV/AIDS and having positive attitudes toward HIV/AIDS prevention, adolescents have not changed their behavior in response to the pandemic. AIDS-prevention programs must be tailored to consider stereotypic sex roles, gay youths' sexual orientation, and substance abuse. Intensive prevention programs focusing on helping youths perceive HIV as a problem, motivate them to act safely, and implement safe acts by acquiring coping skills, access to condoms and health care, and identifying individual barriers to implementing safe acts have successfully reduced adolescents' risk acts. However, avenues for broad-scale dissemination of such programs or alternative models to change youths' behaviors must be identified.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Family vs career: nursing student discourses.

This empirical study of first year nursing students examines their perspectives on nursing as a career, family commitments and the influence of gender equity issues on their future life goals. This paper returns to and reflects on what the students have to say as they attempt to give meaning to their lives, goals and experiences. What emerges are a plurality of meanings and competing discourses as the students negotiate and make sense of their world as nursing students.

Adaptation, Psychological↗