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PubMed2004

Failure of follow-up gallium single-photon emission computed tomography and fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to predict the deterioration of a patient with cardiac sarcoidosis.

Although gallium-67-citrate (67Ga) scanning and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are useful in the assessment of disease activity in cardiac sarcoidosis, a patient with cardiac sarcoidosis in whom SPECT imaging with 67Ga failed to predict the deterioration in the clinical course is presented. A 53-year-old woman diagnosed with cardiac sarcidosis had 67Ga scanning and 67Ga SPECT, both of which showed abnormal high uptake. After treatment with corticosteroid, there was an apparent improvement in the 67Ga SPECT findings, and the dose of the corticosteroid was reduced. Subsequently, the disease activity of the cardiac sarcoidosis was thought to be well controlled, because abnormal uptake was not found on repeat 67Ga SPECT. However, 4 years after initial diagnosis, thinning at the basal ventricular septal wall and complete atrioventricular block were noted. Despite repeating the evaluation with 67Ga SPECT and additional fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG PET) after discovering this progression, neither of these examinations showed any abnormality. Unfortunately, in this patient, the disease activity of cardiac sarcoidosis was underestimated by the diagnostic imaging modalities.

Cardiomyopathies↗
PubMed1980

Sequential use of technetium 99m MDP and gallium 67 citrate imaging in the evaluation of painful total hip replacement.

Fourteen patients with 20 total hip joint replacements were studied for 14 painful prosthetic hips. Clinical examination, plain film radiographs and 99Tcm-MDP bone scans failed to differentiate between infection and mechanical loosening of a prosthesis. Sequential use of 99Tcm-MDP and 67Ga-citrate bone scans were performed in an attempt to discover underlying infectious process. Increased focal uptake of both radiopharmaceuticals over the same hip indicated an infectious process responsible for prosthetic loosening. There were no false positive gallium examinations. Sequential use of 99Tcm-phosphate compounds and 67Ga-citrate is recommended for differentiation between mechanical loosening of a prosthesis and loosening of a prosthesis secondary to an infectious process.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Gallium 67 scanning in rheumatoid arthritis.

Gallium 67 scans were performed on both knees of 38 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. There was a significantly higher level of 67Ga accumulation in those knees with clinically active synovitis (p less than 0.001). Synovial white cell concentration was also elevated in the group with active synovitis. The white cell concentration correlated with the 67Ga knee/femoral ratio at the p less than 0.001 level. 67Ga activity in the synovial fluid was predominantly in the supinate and activity was also present in the synovium. The findings indicate that 67Ga uptake occurs in rheumatoid joints and reflects the degree of synovial inflammation.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1994

Case report: uptake of pentavalent technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid by pigmented villonodular synovitis: comparison with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and gallium-67 scintigraphy.

The scintigraphic findings of a patient with pigmented villonodular synovitis are described and compared with the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging data. Intense uptake of pentavalent technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid without gallium-67 citrate uptake indicates that pigmented villonodular synovitis has the features of a hyperplastic or neoplastic lesion rather than an inflammatory lesion from the point of view of nuclear medicine.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Case report: imaging of central nervous system sarcoidosis with gallium-67 single photon emission computed tomography.

Involvement of the nervous system is an uncommon and underdiagnosed complication of sarcoidosis. We used gallium single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to define areas of meningeal involvement in a patient with neurosarcoidosis. This technique may be of value in the assessment of patients with sarcoidosis and suspected central nervous system involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

CT, MRI and gallium SPECT in the diagnosis and treatment of petrous apicitis presenting as multiple cranial neuropathies.

We present a rare case of petrous apicitis initiated by middle ear inflammation in a diabetic patient with multiple cranial neuropathies for early diagnosis of this potentially life-threatening condition. The lesion appeared as opacification of middle ear, petrous apex with aggressive bony destruction on CT and diffuse petrosal T(1) hypointensity with adjacent soft tissue propagation on MRI. Gallium-67 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan also contributed to evaluate response to therapy.

Cranial Nerve Diseases↗
PubMed1982

Bronchoalveolar lavage, serum angiotensin-converting enzyme, and gallium-67 scanning in extrathoracic sarcoidosis.

Results of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), 67Ga scanning, and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (SACE) assay are compared in the assessment of pulmonary involvement in ten cases of extrathoracic sarcoidosis. Standard clinical, radiologic, and pulmonary function tests detected no pulmonary changes in these patients, but BAL demonstrated an increased alveolar lymphocytosis in eight of ten cases. SACE levels were increased in two cases, and the thoracic gallium uptake was normal in all cases. BAL appears to be the best technique for diagnosing latent pulmonary involvement in extrathoracic sarcoidosis.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1984

Gallium scintigraphy in bronchogenic carcinoma. The effect of tumor location on sensitivity and specificity.

Fifty-one patients with primary lung cancer were evaluated using 67Ga citrate scintigraphy with respect to detection of peripheral primary, hilar metastasis, and mediastinal metastasis. The results demonstrated the necessity for an understanding of the criteria used in considering the gallium scintigram as either positive or negative, as well as the instrumentation employed in performing the test before any meaningful sensitivity and specificity figures can be derived within a given institution. Only with this understanding can actual strategy for instituting invasive procedures be achieved.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1989

Gallium lung scanning and bronchoalveolar lavage in crocidolite-exposed workers.

Gallium lung scanning is widely used to evaluate pulmonary inflammation in patients with interstitial lung disease but has not previously been reported in crocidolite-exposed workers. In order to characterize the pulmonary inflammation caused by crocidolite inhalation, GLS and BAL findings were related to chest x-ray film changes graded according to the ILO classification of roentgenograms of pneumoconioses. In individuals with roentgenographic evidence of asbestosis (CXR greater than or equal to 1/0, n = 15), 13 had a positive GLS and 13 had an abnormal BAL. In asbestos-exposed individuals with equivocal chest x-ray film changes (CXR 0/1, n = 12), six had a positive GLS and six had BAL changes (both GLS and BAL abnormal in three). In individuals with a normal chest x-ray film (CXR 0/0 n = 8), two had a positive GLS and two BAL changes (both abnormal in 1). These data demonstrate that most subjects with crocidolite-induced asbestosis have an abnormal GLS and BAL. In addition, many individuals with asbestos exposure and equivocal or no chest x-ray film changes have an abnormal GLS and/or BAL, suggesting the presence of active subclinical pulmonary inflammation in these individuals.

Asbestos↗
PubMed2000

Complexes of gallium(III) and other metal ions and their potential in the treatment of neoplasia.

The metal complexes of a variety of ligands show diverse pharmacological properties. The potential of these compounds as antineoplastic agents is underlined by the success of the clinically used platinum complex cisplatin (cis-[(NH(3))(2)PtCl(2)]). In the current review, specific examples of gallium, copper, ruthenium and titanium complexes are discussed with special relevance to their use in the treatment of cancer. Some of these complexes have demonstrated marked activity in a number of animal models and for some compounds, clinical trials are anticipated or have already begun. Collectively, the results in the literature indicate that the study of metal complexes as antineoplastic agents deserves continued intensive investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Pericardial abscess detected by Gallium-67 scintigraphy 40 years after cardiac surgery.

A 45-year-old female who had cardiac surgery 40 years earlier was transferred to our hospital because of refractory fever. Echocardiography showed an intrapericardial mass. Gallium-67 (67Ga) scintigraphy revealed abnormal accumulation at the same site of the intrapericardial mass and thoracoscopy revealed that the mass was a pericardial abscess (PA). After surgical resection, drainage and antibiotic therapy, her fever subsided and the abnormal accumulation of 67Ga disappeared. This case showed a very rare clinical course of PA and the importance of 67Ga scintigraphy for its diagnosis.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gallium-67 imaging in a patient with paracoccidioidomycosis: a case report.

A 26 year-old female was admitted with abdominal pain, fever and weight loss. The clinical and laboratory investigations led to the diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis. Gallium-67 whole body images correlated well with the clinical course of the disease and with the patient's prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Successfully treated complete atrioventricular block with corticosteroid in a patient with cardiac sarcoidosis: usefulness of gallium-67 and thallium-201 scintigraphy.

A 71-year-old male with sarcoidosis was followed for 6 years without steroid therapy. He was admitted because of complete atrioventricular block. Chest X-ray showed hilar lymphadenopathy. Echocardiogram showed mild left ventricular hypertrophy without local wall thinning. Cardiac sarcoidosis was diagnosed by a defect of Thallium-201 (Tl-201) imaging and abnormal uptake of Gallium-67 (Ga-67). After the start of corticosteroid therapy, complete atrioventricular block was recovered. Abnormal uptake of Ga-67 was improved. Tl-201 and Ga-67 are useful to diagnose cardiac sarcoidosis, to evaluate the lesion of cardiac involvement and to estimate the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Lack of gallium uptake in primary hepatic amyloidosis.

99mTc-sulfur colloid and 67Ga citrate hepatic scintigrams showed matching defects in a patient with diffuse primary amyloidosis. Amyloidosis should be added to the usual differential diagnosis of such matching lesions which includes cysts, fibrosis, most benign tumors, and occasional metastatic lesions which do not concentrate gallium.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Gallium-67 radionuclide imaging in acute pyelonephritis.

The symptoms and clinical course of patients with acute pyelonephritis are variable; likewise, urinalysis, blood cultures, and excretory urography may be normal or equivocal. The ability of gallium-67 to accumulate in areas of active inflammation was useful in the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis in 12 cases. A multiplane tomographic scanner was used for imaging four of these patients. Initial experience with this scanner is also discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Gallium scintigraphy in American Burkitt lymphoma: accurate assessment of tumor load and prognosis.

The radiographic evaluation of 18 children with American Burkitt lymphoma was analyzed retrospectively. Pretreatment gallium-67 (67Ga) scintigraphy, done in 12 children, was interpreted as normal in only three children. In the other nine children, 67Ga scans demonstrated more sites of tumor involvement than any other method. Pretreatment abdominal computed tomography and sonography were valuable for evaluating ascites, density and size of the liver and spleen, renal involvement, and the presence of lymphomatous soft-tissue masses. Sonography was less accurate at localizing tumor deposits, but more sensitive to small amounts of ascites. Any of these methods is an effective way of following response to chemotherapy. However, it appears that sequential 67Ga scintigraphy may have significant prognostic value, as those children whose scintigrams reverted to normal within 6 months have survived.

Adolescent↗