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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The value of fluorescein fundus angiography in evaluating optic disc oedema.

43 patients with blurred disc margins were studied by means of fluorescein fundus angiography. The differentiation between very early disc oedema and a normal disc was possible, due to an increased capillary network, some microaneurysms and the late fluorescence located in a special circular manner at disc margin. It was not possible to differentiate between optic neuritis and papilloedema, although minor differences may exist. Ischaemic optic neuropathy is a type of optic disc oedema which clearly differs from other causes of oedema when studied by fluorescein fundus angiography. The method is especially suitable in differentiating pseudopapilloedema from genuine oedema of the optic disc.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Fluorescein angiography of the iris. A correlation of microangiopathy in the iris and retina.

Fluorescein angiography of the iris using filters that eliminated pseudofluorescence was performed. In 10 of 40 non-diabetic healthy eyes, a fine-grained leakage of dye occurred from capillaries of the pupillary margin (PML). In 87 of 94 diabetic eyes with or without retinopathy a PML was present. The vascular changes of the iris were compared with those of the retina as disclosed by fundus fluorescein angiography. In 14 of 18 eyes without retinopathy PML was observed. In 25 of 28 eyes with non-proliferative retinopathy there was a PML, 12 of those in addition showed extravasation to the iris stroma. All 48 eyes with proliferative retinopathy showed PML. In addition, 19 of these had extravasation to the iris stroma and 26 iris neovascularization. When iris neovascularization is present, larger fibrovascular proliferations are usually found in the vitreous space, often associated with recurrent vitreous haemorrhages or retinal detachment. Iris angiography yields valuable information on the vitreo-retinal diabetic sequelae and is useful for selection of such eyes for vitrectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Choroidal fluorescein angiography in rabbit.

The extreme permeability of the choriocapillaris to sodium fluorescein makes angiography with this tracer unsuitable to show the choroidal vascular bed. In order to prevent this profuse leakage, the choroidal circulation is visualized with fundus angiography after injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labelled dextrans of different molecular weight: 20 000, 40 000, 70 000, and 150 000. It is shown that the two first dextrans leak out of the choriocapillaris rather rapidly, whereas the last two dextrans remain intravascularly long enough to enable good demonstration of choroidal vessels. The practical application of these findings is discussed, and it is concluded that the dextran with molecular weight 70 000 should be preferred for use in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Fluorescein angiography in diabetic children. A follow-up.

The present study is a fluorescein angiographic follow-up of 60 diabetic children (aged 12 -- 16 years). At the follow-up, with two-thirds of the children in pubescence, fluorescein angiography revealed diabetic retinopathy in 10 (17%) of the children. The results indicate puberty as a probable determining factor influencing the onset of the diabetic retinopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

A medication monitor and fluorescein technique designed to study medication behaviour.

Methods were developed to study medication behaviour, in order to obtain accurate and detailed information on the patterns of drug-taking in medication with eye drops. A medication monitor was designed, which recorded the date and hour each time the medication bottle was opened. A fluorescein technique was designed to study the ability of patients to administer the eye drops into the conjunctival sac. Some problems in the measurement of medication behaviour are discussed. In a group of patients with open-angle glaucoma, for whom pilocarpine eye drops three times daily had been prescribed, 18% of dose intervals had a duration of 12 h or more and 11% had a duration of 4 h or less. Fluorescein tests indicated that the patients were usually able to administer the eye drops correctly.

Fluoresceins↗
PubMed1982

Optic disc drusen--a photographic study. I. Autofluorescence pictures and fluorescein angiography.

As part of an examination of 180 patients with optic disc drusen, autofluorescence pictures had been taken in 116 patients and fluorescein angiograms in 67 patients. The superficial optic disc drusen often show a very bright nodular autofluorescence, but more important is the diffuse, not so intensive autofluorescence that the buried drusen may show. Thus, a diagnosis of hidden drusen can also be made if autofluorescence can be demonstrated. Fluorescein angiography may also reveal the buried drusen that do not show autofluorescence, and it may be of help in the differential diagnosis of pseudopapilloedema from true papilloedema. It may also indicate anomalous vascular patterns that may be associated with optic disc drusen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A case comparison study of carbon disulfide retinopathy and diabetic retinopathy using fluorescein fundus angiography.

To clarify the pathological difference of retinal changes between carbon disulfide (CS2) and diabetic retinopathies, fluorescein fundus angiograms of 92 workers with CS2 retinopathy (Group I) were compared with those of 37 cases with diabetic retinopathy (Group II) and 40 workers who had not been exposed to CS2 (Group III). The results were: 1) Ellipsoid or loop-shaped microaneurysms were observed in 25% of Group I, and in 5% of Groups II and III. 2) Fluorescein leakage from vessels was observed in Group II, but not in Groups I and III. 3) An avascular area of the retina was observed in Groups I and II. The avascular area in CS2 retinopathy was small and local and showed no tendency of enlarging. 4) Atrophic/degenerative changes of the pigmentary epithelium were observed in 40% of Group I, 11% of Group II and 15% of Group III.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Fluorescein angiography in the long-term follow-up of choroidal melanoma after conservative treatment.

Three patients showed a growing choroidal melanoma, of them 2 in the only eye. The tumours were treated with Ru106/Rh106 plaques and surrounded by argon or krypton photocoagulation. The patients were followed up for 34-36 months by regular fluorescein angiography. In areas in which the radiation effect was optimal most choroidal and retinal vessels disappeared within 3-6 months. Outside this area occlusion of the vasculature as well as progressing atrophy of the tumour and the overlying retinal pigment epithelium were seen to continue for more than 12 months after treatment. Disappearance of the leaking vessels of the tumour may be the most reliable fluorescein angiographic sign of tumour regression following conservative treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The blood-retinal barrier permeability to fluorescein in normal subjects and in juvenile diabetics without retinopathy.

The blood-retinal barrier permeability to fluorescein was determined in 20 eyes from 17 normal volunteers (mean age 31 years) and in 20 eyes from 19 juvenile diabetics without apparent retinopathy (mean age 35 years - mean duration of diabetes 6 years). The permeability was in normal subjects (1.1 +/- 0.4) X 10(-7) cm/sec (mean +/- 2 X SD) and in juvenile diabetics (1.1 +/- 0.7) X 10(-7) cm/sec (mean +/- 2 X SD). Thus a break-down of the blood-retinal barrier cannot be demonstrated as a very early and general phenomenon in the early course of the diabetic disease. The fluorescein diffusion coefficient in the vitreous body was determined and juvenile diabetics without apparent retinopathy showed a diffusion coefficient of (0.80 +/- 0.25) X 10(-5) cm2/sec (mean +/- 2 X SD), which was the same as in normals where the diffusion coefficient was (0.69 +/- 0.46) X 10(-5) cm2/sec (mean +/- 2 X SD).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Progression of gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. A long-term follow-up by fluorescein angiography.

Fundus fluorescein angiograms of 21 gyrate atrophy patients were evaluated. In 16 of 21 patients between 2 to 13 angiograms were taken during the follow-up which extended from 1.6 to 13.4 years. In 5 of 21 patients the fluorescein angiography was done once. Optic disc drusen occurred in 3 patients. Optic disc atrophy was not observed. Some attenuation occurred in the retinal arteries in the far-advanced stages. Up to the midretinal venous phase 5 of 13 patients had a markedly increased visibility of the larger choroidal vessels in areas of ophthalmoscopically intact retina. Pigment epithelial window defects presented in 17 of 21 patients. In 4, they were seen to enlarge into patches of chorioretinal atrophy during this long-term follow-up. Contrary to the general notion, the macula was affected frequently, i.e. in 9 of 21 patients; In 6 the pigment epithelial window defects presented in the macula, one had bilateral cystoid macular oedema, and in 2 patients the patches of chorioretinal atrophy were central.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Photosensitization by fluorescein dyes and tetracycline drugs at an oil/water interface.

Measurements were made of the changes that occur in the interfacial tension of isopropylbenzene when floating on water containing between 10(-5) and 10(-3) M of various fluorescein dyes and tetracycline drugs and irradiated for up to 240 min with ultraviolet light. Singlet oxygen was found to be an active intermediate in the reactions. The results are discussed in relation to adverse photosensitization in-vivo due to fluorescein dyes and tetracycline drugs.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

Characterization of uptake and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate and carboxyfluorescein diacetate by intracellular esterases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which result in accumulation of fluorescent product.

Flow cytometry is a rapid and sensitive method which may be used for the detection of microorganisms in foods and drinks. A key requirement for this method is a sufficient fluorescence staining of the target cells. The mechanism of staining of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and 5- (and 6-)carboxyfluorescein diacetate (cFDA) was studied in detail. The uptake rate of the prefluorochromes increased in direct proportion to the concentration and was not saturable, which suggests that transport occurs via a passive diffusion process. The permeability coefficient for cFDA was 1.3 x 10(-8) m s-1. Once inside the cell, the esters were hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases and their fluorescent products accumulated. FDA hydrolysis (at 40 degrees C) in cell extracts could be described by first-order reaction kinetics, and a rate constant (K) of 0.33 s-1 was calculated. Hydrolysis of cFDA (at 40 degrees C) in cell extracts was described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics with an apparent Vmax and Km of 12.3 nmol.min-1.mg of protein-1 and 0.29 mM, respectively. Accumulation of fluorescein was most likely limited by the esterase activity, since transport of FDA was faster than the hydrolysis rate. In contrast, accumulation of carboxyfluorescein was limited by the much slower transport of cFDA through the cell envelope. A simple mathematical model was developed to describe the fluorescence staining. The implications for optimal staining of yeast cells with FDA and cFDA are discussed.

Biological Transport, Active↗
PubMed1971

Effect of simulated solar radiation and sodium fluorescein on the recovery of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus from aerosols.

Almost 90% of the Trinidad strain of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus survived for 1 hr after aerosolization into a dark environment at 30% relative humidity (RH), and 78% survived for 1 hr at 60% RH. After exposure to simulated solar radiation (584 mcal per cm(2) per min) 0.02% of the aerosolized virus survived for 1 hr at 30% RH and 0.006% survived for 1 hr at 60% RH. When 1.0 mg of sodium fluorescein per ml was added to suspensions prior to aerosol dissemination (to determine physical loss of aerosol), no virus was detected after 30 min at either RH upon irradiation. Sodium fluorescein also exhibited some toxicity (31% survival at 60 min) for nonirradiated aerosols of VEE virus at 60% RH; no effect was noted at 30%.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1961

Fluorescein amine media for rapid differentiation of staphylococci.

Kimler, Alexander (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.). Fluorescein amine media for rapid differentiation of staphylococci. J. Bacteriol. 82:106-109. 1961.-By modifying conventional media to include blood, mannitol, and fluorescein amine, staphylococci may be isolated and identified directly. Staphylococcus aureus, mannitol positive, fluoresces, whereas Staphylococcus epidermidis, mannitol negative, does not.

Amines↗
PubMed1961

Labeling procedures employing crystalline fluorescein isothiocyanate.

Griffin, Charles W. (Baltimore Biological Laboratory, Baltimore, Md.), Theodore R. Carski, and George S. Warner. Labeling procedures employing crystalline fluorescein isothiocyanate. J. Bacteriol. 82:534-537. 1961.-The effect of altering the ratio of dye to protein in the labeling of three immune globulins with crystalline fluorescein isothiocyanate was the purpose of the study. Direct staining of group A streptococci and rabies-infected mouse brain, and indirect staining of Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) comprised the three immunological systems selected for investigation. Maximal specific staining and minimal nonspecific background staining were demonstrated by the use of low dye-to-protein labeling ratios.

Animals↗
PubMed1964

TYPING OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE. I. PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF TYPE I FLUORESCEIN-LABELED ANTIBODY.

Karakawa, Walter W. (Connecticut State Department of Health, Hartford), Earle K. Borman, and Clarence R. McFarland. Typing of group A streptococci by immunofluorescence. I. Preparation and properties of type 1 fluorescein-labeled antibody. J. Bacteriol. 87:1377-1382. 1964.-Unadsorbed, fluorescein-labeled globulins derived from rabbits immunized with acid-extracted M-protein of type 1 streptococci (plus adjuvant) were found to have high fluorescent-antibody (FA) staining titers and to be considerably more type-specific than were similar preparations derived from whole-cell immunization. Appropriate adsorption rendered the anti-M reagent entirely type-specific without appreciable loss of titer; whole-cell reagent was appreciably weakened in FA titer by comparable adsorption. Type-specificity was confirmed by parallel bactericidal, long-chain, and precipitin studies. Removal of reactivity by adsorption with homologous M protein was complete, confirming that the FA reaction was truly a manifestation of an M anti-M protein system. The data indicate that the development of FA reagents specific for the streptococcal types is feasible.

Animals↗
PubMed1964

USE OF A FLUORESCEIN-LABELED SONICALLY DISRUPTED BACTERIAL ANTIGEN TO DEMONSTRATE ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS.

Eveland, Warren C. (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor). Use of a fluorescein-labeled sonically disrupted bacterial antigen to demonstrate antibody-producing cells. J. Bacteriol. 88:1476-1481. 1964.-Cells obtained by primary tissue culture of the spleens of chickens immunized with sonically disrupted Escherichia coli O111 organisms were stained with a fluorescein-labeled homologous antigen by use of direct immunofluorescent methods. Brilliant staining of the cytoplasm in cells from immunized birds appeared to be diffuse in certain cells and rather globular in others. In contrast, cells from nonimmunized birds showed no staining at all. The cells involved in the specific reaction appeared to be those of the lymphocyte-monocyte-plasma cell types, as shown when stained by the May-Grunwald-Giemsa method. Preparations stained by the methyl green-pyronin technique revealed an increase in the pyrinophilic cells in the preparations from the immunized birds, thus demonstrating increased amounts of ribonucleic acid in these cells, which in turn is consistent with the presence of antibody globulin. Specificity of the reaction was confirmed also by (i) staining antibody-coated E. coli O111 organisms with the conjugate, (ii) precipitin reaction with specific antibody, and (iii) specific agglutination with circulating antibody from the immunized birds.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1966

Fluorescence and viability of Proteus mirabilis stained directly with fluorescein isothiocyanate.

Grunberg, E. (Hoffman-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, N.J.), and R. Cleeland. Fluorescence and viability of Proteus mirabilis stained directly with fluorescein isothiocyanate. J. Bacteriol. 92:23-27. 1966.-Washed cell suspensions of Proteus mirabilis, under the proper conditions, stained well with fluorescein isothiocyanate with little or no loss of cell viability. The speed and intensity of the reaction was dependent on both the concentration of dye and pH. Within a range of pH 3.0 to 10.0, staining was most rapid at pH 5.0 to 6.0, with a slower and less intense reaction occurring at the other pH values. As the concentration of dye at either pH 5.0 or 9.0 was increased from 10 to 1,000 mug/ml, there was an increase in the rate of staining but a decrease in cell viability. After 24 hr of incubation at 4 C, pH 5.0, and a dye concentration of 10 mug/ml, all cells were stained, the majority exhibiting intense fluorescence with little or no loss of viability noted. In preliminary experiments with Staphylococcus aureus, similar results were obtained. Of various other fluorescent dyes tested, only rhodamine isothiocyanate was found to give satisfactory staining.

Fluoresceins↗