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PubMed2005

Complications of body piercing.

The trend of body piercing at sites other than the earlobe has grown in popularity in the past decade. The tongue, lips, nose, eyebrows, nipples, navel, and genitals may be pierced. Complications of body piercing include local and systemic infections, poor cosmesis, and foreign body rejection. Swelling and tooth fracture are common problems after tongue piercing. Minor infections, allergic contact dermatitis, keloid formation, and traumatic tearing may occur after piercing of the earlobe. "High" ear piercing through the ear cartilage is associated with more serious infections and disfigurement. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are advised for treatment of auricular perichondritis because of their antipseudomonal activity. Many complications from piercing are body-site-specific or related to the piercing technique used. Navel, nipple, and genital piercings often have prolonged healing times. Family physicians should be prepared to address complications of body piercing and provide accurate information to patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Atypical presentation of a unilateral septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus.

A 7 year-old boy with unilateral septic cavernous sinus thrombosis following a pyoderma in the eyebrow is described. Problems in diagnosis and the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the management are highlighted. Patient recovered with mild residual sequelae. The unique feature of this case was absence of chemosis and non-toxic presentation of the patient.

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis↗
PubMed2005

Piebaldism.

A 46-year-old man presented with a history of a congenital pigment disorder. On physical examination hypopigmented and depigmented patches were present on the mid-forehead, anterior chest, and extremities. He also had loss of pigment of the medial eyebrows and a white forelock. The patient has a family history of a similar congenital pigment disorder, the pattern of which is indicative of the autosomal dominant disorder piebaldism.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Visualizing facial shape regression upon 2nd to 4th digit ratio and testosterone.

Sex steroids are supposed to moderate the differences between male and female facial characteristics. Studies on women's preferences for male faces reported increased preferences for facial architecture developed under the influence of testosterone as this may indicate masculinity, dominance and social status. Recent research demonstrates that facial sexual dimorphism does not only develop at puberty but may be organized much earlier in ontogeny. However, the actual cause and timing of variation in facial shape due to sex-steroids remains speculative. This study uses data from Neave and colleagues who measured digit ratio (2D:4D) as a proxy to prenatal testosterone and also salivary testosterone samples in order to study differential effects of androgens on perceived male facial shape. Male facial shape was regressed upon 2D:4D ratio and circulating levels of testosterone by means of geometric morphometric methods. We found some evidence for opposite effects of early androgen action (via 2D:4D ratio) on the upper and the lower face respectively (i.e. low 2D:4D ratio results in a relatively robust and prominent lower face), whereas circulating testosterone seems to cause a rather uniform elongation of the face. Local deformations primarily show pronounced and medially tailed eyebrows for the shapes associated with increasing salivary testosterone. These preliminary results suggest that prenatal and pubertal testosterone have differential effects on male facial shape that should be considered in future studies on women's preferences towards male facial appearance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Exogenous ochronosis.

We describe a case of a 70-year-old woman who had been using a skin-lightening cream containing hydroquinone for a previous diagnosis of melasma. She presented a hyperpigmentation predominantly on her cheeks and eyebrows. The biopsy showed deposition of yellow-brown globules in the dermis. A diagnosis of exogenous ochronosis was made. An attempt of treatment using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser has been initiated recently.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incontinentia pigmenti: a case report.

Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a genodermatosis with an X-linked dominant mode of inheritance, characterized by ectodermal, mesodermal, neurological, ocular, and dental manifestations. The purpose of this case study was to report the oral and dental manifestations of an IP case in a Venezuelan pediatric patient. A 9 year-old Venezuelan girl was evaluated. She showed macular pigmented lesions in her face, trunk, back, legs, and fingers as well as abnormal hair distribution, alopecia on the vertex, and hypoplasia of eyebrows. During the dental examination, conical shaped-teeth and delayed dental eruption was evidenced. The microanalytical examination showed dentin without significant alterations in the mineralization except for hypermineralization in focal areas. In addition, a decrease in the enamel mineralization was observed.

Child↗
PubMed2006

[The orbital implant after exenteration of the orbit with the preservation of the eyelids and the conjunctival sac].

In ophthalmology, the orbital exenteration presents the most mutilating surgical procedure. The surgical technique presented by authors, preserves the eyelids and conjunctival sac. This surgical procedure was suggested and repeatedly performed in adult patients with extensive benign tumors (mostly meningeomas) by J. Otradovec and J. Safár. The enucleation of the eyeball preceded this type of surgery. The final state made it possible to put the prosthesis into the conjunctival sac. Today we inform about further development of this surgical technique and according to our own experiences we widen its indications to some malignant tumors (rhabdomyosarcoma and metastases of the retinoblastoma, etc.) in children. The initial cutaneous incision starts in the eyebrow area and is directed toward the bone of the orbital rim. The preparation of the tissue underneath the intact conjunctival sac to the lower aspect of the bone orbital rim follows. After folding the conjuctival-cutaneous sac back, the real content of the orbit is exenterated in the classical manner. After the hemostasis in the orbital apex, the flap is returned to its primary position and suturing of the primary incision in anatomical layers terminates the surgery. The authors refer about a boy, now 17 years old, who underwent at the age of three years the exenteration of the orbit in this manner due to a rhabdomyosarcoma. The authors also refer about the development and application of a special type of prosthesis made from silicone rubber--implant grade--filling out the orbital space and forming the anterior segment of the eye. The prosthesis was created from a classical orbital implant, regularly used in enucleation surgery and a conjunctival implant, a convex-concave plate with diameter of 20 mm. Both parts are made from the same type of silicon rubber and were connected together by vulcanization. The orbital implant was eliptically extended according to the measurements of the orbital casting made from dental impression matter. The cosmetic part, simulating the colored iris and the pupil, was prepared from a polyester sheet, painted with acrylic paint. It was fixated on the conjunctival prosthesis and covered with a transparent silicone foil. For the first time, the prosthesis was applied at the age of seven years, and during the next ten-years period, it was three times exchanged mostly for a bigger model. This procedure guaranteed proper growing of the orbital area and symmetrical development of the face. The prosthesis also carries out the prosthetic role and cosmetically it looks similarly like after the enucleation without the implant.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2006

[Clinical management of deep facial burn].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the better clinical methods for the management of deep facial burn with optimal quality. Methods Fifty-four patients with deep facial burns were enrolled in the study and were divided into delayed skin grafting group (n=48) and early escharectomy group (n=6). In delayed grafting group, after the erosion of new born granulation tissue to the basal layer with blade holder or with peel or eschar shaving method at 3 postburn weeks (PBW) according to the eschar separation and granulation growth status, the whole face of the patients were divided into 10 regions and were then covered by split thickness auto skin. The same treatment was performed on the patients in early escharectomy group at 1 PBW. Physical therapy and plastic surgery were applied after skin grafting, and the patients were followed up from 3 month to 11 years. The first operation time, postburn facial operation time, operation times to repair the whole face, blood content of Hb, the amount of blood transfusion and hemorrhage and the prognosis were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no difference between the two groups in regards to the first operation time, the total operation times,blood concentration of Hb before and after operation,and the amount of blood transfusion during the operation (P > 0.05). The operation time in delayed grafting group (21.9 +/- 3.2) d was obviously later than that in early escharectomy group (12.6 +/- 1.3) d, (P < 0.05). And there was evidently less amount of hemorrhage during operation(98 +/- 52) ml/100 cm2 than that in early escharectomy group (331 +/- 121) ml/100 cm2 (P < 0.01). The facial appearance of the patients in delayed grafting group was plump with more elasticity and richer expression compared with those in early grafting group. There exhibited different degrees of microstomia and both eyebrow defect in both groups during and after 1 postoperative year. In addition, mild to moderate ectropion and hypertrophic scar on the conjunction of grafted skin could appear in 80% of these patients. These deformities might be corrected by several times of plastic surgery. CONCLUSION: Based on the principle of arranging skin grafts according to the cosmetic and functional area units, split thickness skin grafting can provide satisfactory results for the repair of deep burn injury involving whole face when the wounds were treated with eschar peeling, tangential excision, escharectomy, granulation tissue scaling, or early escharectomy. In comparison with early escharectomy, eschar peeling, tangential excision, escharectomy, or granulation tissue scaling can get better results with less bleeding, full and round facial appearance, more elasticity of grafted skin and richer facial expression appearance after the operation. Meanwhile, effective physical therapy and scheduled plastic surgery after skin grafting can also be very important in achieving cosmetic results in the repair and reconstruction of whole facial deep burn.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Clinical efficacy of Q-switched Alexandrite laser for pigmentary skin diseases in 4656 patients].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Q-switched Alexandrite laser in the treatment of pigmentary skin, diseases ( PSDs). METHODS: Totally 4 656 patients with PSDs were treated with Q-switched Alexandrite laser. These PDSs included nevus of Ota, seborrheic keratosis, tattoo, naevus fusco-caeruleus zygomaticus, cafe-au-lait-spots, lentigo, naevus of Ito, and spilus naevus. The outcomes and adverse events after treatment were oberserved. RESULTS: The response rate was 92.31% and the cure rate was 55.39% for nevus of Ota after six times of treatment, and the cure rate was 100% after nine times of treatment. The response rate was 100% for freckles, seborrheic keratosis, and naevus fuscocaeruleus zygomaticus after four times of treatment. The response rate was more than 77.18% and the cure rate was more than 50% for tattoos after three times of treatment, including amateur tattoo, artificial eyebrow, eyelid lines, and traumatic tattoo. However, after four times of treatment, the response rate and the cure rate were only 50. 00% and 21.43% for cafe-au-lait spots, and 50.00% and 25.00% for spilus naevus, respectively. The response rate was 35.29% for lentigo and 25.00% for naevus of Ito/ spilus naevus after four times of treatment. CONCLUSION: Q-switched Alexandrite laser is effective in the treatment of nevus of Ota, seborrheic keratosis, tattoo, and naevus fusco-caeruleus zygomaticus, but has limited efficacy for cafe-au-lait-spots, lentigo, naevus of Ito, and spilus naevus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Temporal lift].

UNLABELLED: The temporal lift belongs to the traditional face lift which is in fact temporo-cervico-facial. It also forms part of the face lift "upper part of the face" which is in fact temporo-frontal. It is to say that it relates to a junction zone between the superior and inferior part of the face. OBJECTIVES: In a first part the authors recall the essential anatomical data including the eyebrow, the Charpy's fat pad, the galea and the temporoparietal fascia, the nerves (temporo-facial branch of the facial nerve and supra-orbital nerve) and the veins (sentinel vein). Then they expose the various surgical techniques (galeapexy, endoscopic temporal lift, brow lift, facial threads, standard fixing Endotine forehead, botulinic toxin. This makes it possible to define in a more precise way the indications and counterindications of the temporal lift. CONCLUSION: The indications of the temporal lift are the lateral ptosis of the tail of the brow. On the other hand, the total ptosis requires a frontal lift. In this case one can associate a concomitant blepharoplasty. The temporal lift is frequently carried out in a way combined with a cervico-cheek lift. The prospects for technical progress to improve perenniality of an isolated temporal gesture are large and will allow us to widen the indications.

Blepharoplasty↗
PubMed2006

[Treatment of chalazion with incision and curettage in African patients of the negroid race].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of incision and curettage in the treatment of chalazion in black African patients. METHODS: In a prospective study performed between February 1999 and February 2000, 25 black African patients with chalazion (27 eyes, 30 chalazions), ranging in age from 15 to 51 years (mean age +/-SD, 25.2 years +/-7), were treated with incision and curettage. Measurements of eyebrow height, pretarsal skin height, crease height, inferior eyelid height and the palpebral fissure height were performed before and after treatment. Success was defined as a total disappearance or a decrease in size (less than one millimeter). RESULTS: Success was achieved in all of 25 patients. Recurrence occurred in 3.0% after 5 to 6 weeks. During a mean +/-SD of 4.7 months +/-2.9 of follow-up, fistula (3.0%) was noted as postincision ocular complication. After treatment, a significant decrease of pretarsal skin (P = 0.018) and inferior eyelid height (P=0.004) measurements and an increase in palpebral fissure height measurement (P = 0.025) were noted. CONCLUSION: Incision and curettage in chalazion treatment appears to be effective in managing chalazion in black African patients as reported in previous studies in Caucasian patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Pediculosis.

Pediculosis can be caused by two distinctly different organisms, the head louse and the pubic louse. Although differing anatomically, they produce equivalent disorders, with itching, bites, and nits on the hairs. The head louse causes disease of the scalp, while the pubic louse lives in short hair in the pubic regions, the body, the axillae, the eyebrows, and the eyelashes. Both can be treated with gamma isomer of hexachlorobenzene, but various mixtures of pyrethrins seem more effective. The body louse, which exactly resembles the head louse, is the only one that can transmit disease. Treatment of body louse infestation is mainly cleanliness: washing the patient and changing his clothing.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, macular degeneration syndrome: a further contribution.

EEM syndrome is a rare condition characterised by ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly and macular dystrophy. Additional abnormalities such as alopecia, cataract, absent eyebrows, and oligodontia may occur. We report two brothers and a sister born to consanguineous parents with EEM syndrome. EEM syndrome differs from other ectrodactly syndromes by the characteristic findings in the ocular fundus showing extensive retinochoroidal atrophy with diffuse retinal pigmentation and mild arteriolar attenuation at the posterior pole. In contrast to other ectrodactyly syndromes autosomal recessive inheritance is most likely.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Partial trisomy of long arm of chromosome 4 as a result of dir dup (4)(q27q31.3) de novo.

The phenotype of a girl at age of 12 years with a partial trisomy 4q caused by unique direct duplication 4q27 --> q31.3 included the thick, broad and straight eyebrows, upward slanting palpebral fissures, a deep-set eyes, narrow bridge and long back of the nose, flattened philtrum columns, narrow of vermilion borders of both upper and lower lips, protrusion of maxillary alveolar processus and anterior teeth together with shortened and posteriorly situated mandible, malocclusion corresponding with II class of Angle and long fingers, narrowing towards distal phalanges has been described. Further investigations are needed to delineate the clinical spectrum of features essential for partial trisomy 4q.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1990

[Loose anagen hair syndrome].

In 1984, Zaun described a new type of pilary dysplasia characterized by easily pluckable hair. We were able to observe three patients with this anomaly, and this paper is an attempt at reviewing the subject on the basis of these new cases compared with those previously published. Clinical features. The major sign of the anomaly is that hairs can be pulled off in tufts easily and painlessly, and promptly grow again (our cases). In all cases reported so far the hair was blond or dark-blond; in some patients it is described as scintillating (our cases). The hair shaft is usually thin (one of our cases), but it may be of normal caliber (two of our patients). In the occipital region the hairs are entangled, dry and short (our cases). They are implanted wide apart or at normal intervals (our patients); areas of alopecia are sometimes encountered (our cases). Hair growth may be slow (one of our cases) or of normal speed (two of our cases). The eyelashes and eyebrows, as well as other body hairs, are normal in all patients (fig. 1). Microscopy. The trichogram is exclusively composed of anagenic and dystrophic roots (our cases). Pathological examination by biopsy of the scalp is characteristic: transverse and oblique sections of the follicles show that the hairs are oval, triangular or trapezoidal in shape (fig. 7). Alterations of the inner epithelial sheath are also present, including keratinization and early decomposition (fig. 8), lack of complementation (fig. 7) and fissures between the cuticle of the inner epithelial sheath and of the hair, in the keratogenic area (fig. 9). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alopecia↗
PubMed2006

Partial trisomy 1p (1p36.22-->pter) and partial monosomy 9p (9p22.2-->pter) associated with achalasia, flexion deformity of the fingers and epilepsy in a girl.

We report on a 12-year-old girl presenting with mental retardation, trigonocephaly, midface hypoplasia, upward-slanting palpebral fissures, arched eyebrows, bilateral epicanthal folds, hypertelorism, a flattened nasal bridge, a short nose, anteverted nares, a long philtrum, a small mouth, micrognathia, low-set ears, a short neck, long digits, flexion deformity of the fingers of the hands, hypoplasia of the labia majora, hyperplasia of the labia minora, flat feet, dysphagia, frequent regurgitation, prominent esophageal dilation, and achalasia. Seizures were noted since 5 years of age. Cytogenetic analysis of her peripheral blood revealed a karyotype of 46,XX, der(9)t(1;9)(p36.22;p22.2)pat. Achalasia, an uncommon esophageal motor disorder, has not been previously described in association with either a deletion of 9p or a duplication of 1p.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Removal of wrinkles and redundant skin in the region of the forehead.

On the basis of an analysis of recent results in 160 patients operated on for the purpose of removing wrinkles and redundant skin from the region of the forehead, and of an analysis of the author's own material in 80 patients operated on by means of a method elaborated by the author conclusions were drawn concerning the incision used in this operation. The incision is carried out depending on the height of the frontal region. Indications for the intervention on the frontal muscle were determined. Directions concerning the extent of the operation were revised. It has been found that a more extensive, wide mobilization of tissues including the bridge of the nose, the regions of the eyebrows and the temples along with the frontal region, yields more pronounced and lasting results.

Forehead↗
PubMed2006

[Synthetical treatment for facial paralysis using static and dynamic techniques].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate a synthetical technique combining static and dynamic states for treating facial paralysis. METHODS: From October 1993 to November 2005, 93 patients (26 males, 67 females; aged 9-69 years; illness course, 6 months to 24 years) with facial paralysis were admitted for treatment, of whom 48 were unknown in their pathological origins, 32 had a history of intracranial or ear operation, 13 had their facial paralysis related to trauma. We applied synthetical techniques for treating facial paralysis, including denerved muscle (extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis) free graft using an operating or chemical technique, temporal muscular flap suspending, treatment of eye closure by uplifting zygomo-malar tissues and temporal muscular flap suspending, brow lifting by the Buried Guiding Suture Appliance, Botox injection, and the nerve amputation of normal side for mandibular marginal ramus paralysis. RESULTS: After the treatment for 82 patients with the method of the denerved muscle free graft combining femoral muscular flap suspending, 3 patients with the method of uplifting zygomo-malar tissues combining temporal muscular flap suspending for eye closure, 15 patients with the method of the Buried Guiding Suture for eyebrow lifting, 4 patients with the Botox injection and nerve amputation of normal side for the mandibular marginal ramus paralysis, 93 patients had a good therapeutic result. The follow-up for 3 months to 10 years in all the patients revealed that 75 patients were satisfied with their treatment results and 13 patients were almost satisfied according to the criteria for the facial symmetrical checking and the House-Brackmann grading system. The technique had advantages of a complete survival of the related small muscles, a hidden incision, less trauma for the Botox injection, and the denerved muscles for surrounding nerve inserting. CONCLUSION: The synthetical technique combining static and dynamic states for treating facial paralysis is a good therapeutic method and the therapies for facial paralysis should vary with the different conditions of the paralysis. We advocate an individuation treatment for facial paralysis.

Adolescent↗