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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Glycine receptors: a new therapeutic target in pain pathways.

Although glycine receptor Cl- channels (GlyRs) have long been known to mediate inhibitory neurotransmission onto spinal nociceptive neurons, their therapeutic potential for peripheral analgesia has received little attention. However, it has been shown that alpha3-subunit-containing GlyRs are concentrated into regions of the spinal cord dorsal horn where nociceptive afferents terminate. Furthermore, inflammatory mediators specifically inhibit alpha3-containing GlyRs, and deletion of the murine alpha3 gene confers insensitivity to chronic inflammatory pain. This strongly implicates GlyRs in the inflammation-mediated disinhibition of centrally projecting nociceptive neurons. Future therapies aimed at specifically increasing current flux through alpha3-containing GlyRs may prove effective in providing analgesia.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biological action of electromagnetic fields of 4 MHz decametric waves].

Exposure to the amplitude-modulated electromagnetic field, 4 MHZ, 400, 200, and 100 V/m over two months for 16 hours a day was found out to bring low the adaptation potential of a number of bodily physiological systems in animals (non-linebred rats). Changes in the brain functional activity, cell-bound, and humoral immunity were ascertained to be the structural-and-functional basis of reorganization of physiological prosesses.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1977

[Architecture of the visual system of Discoglossus pictus (Oth)].

The retinofugal pathways of an "archaic" Anura Discogossus pictus were examinated with Fink-Heimer method following ablation of the retina and after survival times of 5--105 days at 14 degrees C. A description of the diencephalic and mensencephalic architectonics has been done in order to replace the visual system into the general pattern. The scheme of primary optic pathways and centers is similar in Discoglossus and Rana. However, some retinofugal fibers reach the posterolateral part of the ipsilateral tectum opticum. Beside this study, a Golgi study has shown the link which exists between the degeneration territories (neuropils) and the periventricular cell-masses by the way of the dendritic trees of multipolar, bipolar and pear-shaped neurons. An hypothesis about the notion of visual center is formulated. In the tectum, the distribution of degenerations allows to understand the existence of two visual behaviors: avoidance and prey-catching. The signification of the ipsilateral retinotectal pathway is discussed.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1988

Gaze control through superior colliculus: structure and function.

Structure, connectivity patterns and pharmacological properties of individual neuron types in the superior colliculus are reviewed together with a presentation of new data from reconstructions of identified single cells. Morphological aspects of the superior colliculus are critically related to its role in sensory orienting by eye and head movements.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1985

[Studies on interlimb coordination of the cat during locomotion].

Experiments were performed on cats with chronic spinal lesions, in order to decide which systems either interlimb-propriospinal systems or direct descending systems, plays important roles for coordination of overground locomotion of the cat. The phase relationships between homolateral, crossed, bilateral forelimbs and hindlimbs were analysed during locomotion. For 27 cats a single hemisection was applied at the level of C1 or T12. In 19 cats, the spinal cord was firstly hemisected at around T12, then 5-183 days after, contralateral thoracic cord around T8 was hemisected (T-T; thoracic-thoracic bilateral serial hemisection). Therefore in this group, only crossed descending propriospinal systems were preserved and all other propriospinal systems and direct descending systems were severed. In 9 cats following spinal cord hemisection at around C1, at interval of 11-71 days the second hemisection was carried out at thoracic cord about T12 (C-T; cervico-thoracic bilateral serial hemisection). In this group homolateral and crossed propriospinal systems were left intact. In the single hemisection group, the phase relationships of all the six combinations of limbs were quite similar to normal group. Hence for the control of the phase relation during locomotion, only onesided neuronal circuits were needed. In both T-T and C-T group, polar diagram analysis revealed that the phase relationships were completely disturbed in any combination of the forelimbs and hindlimbs. It was concluded that the direct descending systems rather than propriospinal systems play important roles in control of phase relationship during locomotion.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1984

Ascending and descending projections to the inferior colliculus in the rat.

The ascending and descending projections to the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (IC) were studied with the aid of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP-labelled cells were found in contralateral cochlear nuclei, where the majority of different cell types was stained. Few labelled cells were observed in the ipsilateral cochlear nuclei. HRP-positive neurones were found in all nuclei of the superior olivary complex on the ipsilateral side with the exception of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, which was never labelled either ipsilaterally or contralaterally. The largest concentration of HRP-labelled cells was usually observed in the ipsilateral superior olivary nucleus. Smaller numbers of labelled cells were present in contralateral nuclei of the superior olivary complex. Massive projections to the inferior colliculus were found from the contralateral and ipsilateral dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and ipsilateral ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Many neurones of the central and external nuclei of the contralateral inferior colliculus were labelled with HRP. Topographic organisation of the pathways ascending to the colliculus was expressed in the cochlear nuclei, lateral superior olivary nucleus and in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. HRP--positive cells were found in layer V of the ipsilateral auditory cortex, however, the evidence for topographic organisation was lacking.

Afferent Pathways↗