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PubMedDate not supplied

Bovine cryptosporidiosis in Denmark. 2. Cryptosporidia associated with neonatal calf diarrhea.

In recent years cryptosporidia have often been identified in diarrheic calves of under one month old, either as the sole pathogenic agent or in combination with other diarrhea-causing infectious agents. In 203 cases of bovine cryptosporidiosis, recorded over a period of two years, cryptosporidia were present in such great numbers that they would seem to be of causal significance. The calves were from three days to five weeks old. In 111 cases (55%) a monoinfection with cryptosporidia occurred, while in the rest of the cases mixed infections with other agents associated with calf diarrhea were demonstrated, especially rotavirus (61 cases) and coronavirus (32 cases); in addition, mixed infections with ETEC (four cases), septicaemic E. coli (two cases), salmonellosis (11 cases), and BVD and coccidiosis (one case each) were seen. In 87 (10%) of 849 4-21-day-old dead calves a massive occurrence of cryptosporidia was demonstrated. Extreme emaciation was noted in 36 of 122 autopsied calves. Most of these calves were more than 14 days old, and mono-infection with cryptosporidia was demonstrated in two thirds of them. In younger calves, more acute cases of cryptosporidiosis were commoner, often in connection with concomitant infections with rota- or coronavirus.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Hexamitiasis in carrier pigeons in the Netherlands].

Hexamitiasis in carrier pigeons caused by Hexamita columbae was reported for the first time in the Netherlands. Infections tend to occur from April to July in 6-8 week old birds. The patients were affected with diarrhoea, became emaciated and died. Mortality may be considerable. Parasites may be identified in unstained wet specimens of very fresh droppings. Treatment consists in administration of ronidazole during a period from seven to ten days. Optimum hygiene should be observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1967

Naturally occuring histoplasmosis in guinea pigs.

Histoplasmosis naturally occurring in laboratory guinea pigs is described in its clinical, necropsy, histological and mycological aspects.The animals if adult show a chronic disease with progressive emaciation and lameness of the hind legs. The young below three months of age died in 2 to 4 weeks presenting ruffled fur, great dorsal curvature and sometimes closed eyelids and catarrhal conjunctivitis. At necropsy the principal lesions were ulcerative gastritis, hemorrhagic and catarrhal enteritis, enlarged spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. Sometimes the liver, lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes and other organs showed lesions. Histological and mycological demonstration of the fungus completed the diagnosis and the surviving animals were burned and sanitation measures instituted. Histological evidence of histoplasmosis in a cow's lung from the area from which the grass was obtained for the feeding of the guinea pigs suggests an epidemiological link. Efforts will be made to isolate and demonstrate H. capsulatum in wild animals on the same area.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1970

The susceptibility of muskrats and snowshoe hares to experimental infection with a chlamydial agent.

Muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) and snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) were exposed experimentally by various routes to a chlamydial agent (designated strain M56) originally isolated during a die-off of muskrats and snowshoe hares which occurred in Saskatchewan during 1961. Both species were susceptible to experimental infection. Whereas M56 was highly lethal for snowshoe hares (18 deaths/19 exposed), it was less virulent for muskrats (6 deaths/20 exposed). The degree of susceptibility of muskrats to induced infections with M56 was influenced by the presence or absence of specific antibodies at the time of exposure. A febrile illness was observed in 11 of 20 muskrats. In the six that died, widespread focal necrosis was found in the liver. Following intraperitoneal or oral exposures, chronic infections were established and the agent was recovered from the brain and the small intestine up to 96 days post-infection. Specific antibodies were found in 11.8% of 127 sera of muskrats trapped form the wild in Saskatchewan, the Canadian Arctic, and Wisconsin. In snowshoe hares, M56 induced an acute, febrile, emaciating illness, and the almost invariable fatal course was short with terminal signs of opisthotonos, convulsions, and hypoglycemia. Snowshoe hares succumbed with intravenous doses of less than ten mouse intracerebral LD(50) of M56. The same syndrome was produced by intravenous, subcutaneous, and oral infections. M56 was found in high titers in all tissues examined. The highest titers were found in the liver and spleen which correlated with the pathology observed. M56 was recovered from female rabbit ticks (Haemaphysalis leporispalustris) engorging on experimentally infected snowshoe hares.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1979

[Verminous enteritis and thrombo-embolic colic in the horse. A description of 36 cases (author's transl)].

Based upon case reports from 36 cases of verminous thrombosis of arteria mesenterica cranialis--all of which were verified at necropsy--clinical symptoms, course and pathological lesions are described. Seventy five per cent of the patients were under 3 years old, and 73% of the cases showed initial signs during the period July-December. Salient clinical findings were, unthrifty appearance and emaciation, diarrhoea--observed in two thirds of the patients--and colic--observed in 50 per cent of the cases. Haematological and biochemical findings were inconclusive, yet, hypoproteinaemia was a rather frequent finding. At necropsy, enteritis and/or typhlocolitis were observed in 29 horses of which 8 horses had superficial lesions, 7 horses hyperplastic lesions and 12 horses diphteroid/necrotizing lesions. Fourteen per cent of the horses had renal infarctions. The findings are discussed in relation to recent observations on the epidemiology of Strongylus vulgaris infection and comparisons are drawn to findings in a material of horses with non-parasitic enteritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Lead poisoning in Canada geese: a case report.

A case report of lead poisoning in Canada geese at Cheyenne Bottom Wildlife Management Area in Kansas is presented. Seventy-nine dead geese and 10 geese too weak too fly were found by management personnel. Clinical signs in the live geese were weakness, lethargy, anorexia, emaciation and bile stained diarrhea. Seventeen geese were necropsied. Lesions were impacted roots and fibrous stalks in the esophagus and proventriculus and numerous lead shot in the gizzard. One to 44 lead shot (mean 13) were found in the 17 gizzards examined. The concentration of lead in liver and kidney was 9.21 to 102.56 ug/g (wet weight). The presence of lead shot in the gizzard, characteristic clinical signs, and the concentration of lead in the liver and kidney confirmed the diagnosis of lead poisoning.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Yersiniosis in a free-living fallow deer.

A case of yersiniosis in a free-living fallow deer is described. Pathological examination revealed an emaciated carcase with numerous abscesses of various sizes throughout the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Staining of material from the abscesses showed a small Gram-negative coccobacillus which was identified as Yersinia pseudotuberculosis type 1A.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1979

Experimental bovine trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma vivax and T. congolense). I. Sumptomatology and clinical pathology.

Twenty five cattle were infected with T. vivax, 25 with T. congolense, and 25 served as controls. Pathogenic clinical signs of trypanosomal infection were not observed. Secondary bacterial infections were common. Fever, increased heart and respiratory rates, anorexia, and emaciation developed. Elevations in parasitemai and body temperature were positively correlated in the T. vivax group. Infected groups were affected non-uniformly, with some animals in each group remaining asymptomatic and tending to have lower parasitemias. The T. vivax parasitemia was cyclic and the organisms had a genaration time of 7.9 SD 2.5 hours. The first peak of parasitemia in both infections was closely associated with the development of pancytopenia, i.e. anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. The bone marrow erythroid response in the T. congolense group was significantly greater thn that in either the T. vivax or control groups. Leukopenia was due to concomitant neutropenia and lymphopenia.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Brain metastasis of hepatoblastoma--a case report and review of literature].

Hepatoblastoma is a rare abdominal tumor which affects infant, especially two or three year old boy. The authors experienced a rare case of cerebral metastasis of hepatoblastoma. The patient was a 1 and one thirds year old boy who was admitted because of left hemiparesis, somnolent consciousness, and abdominal tumor in September 21, 1982. At admission physical examination showed massive epigastric tumor with emaciated and dehydrated condition. Neurological evaluation indicated left spastic hemiparesis, somnolent consciousness and bilateral choked disc. Laboratory data were leukocytosis, marked thrombocytosis and slight abnormality of the liver function test. Alpha-fetoprotein level was 61 X 10(4) ng/ml and human chronic gonadotropin 20 IU/l. Chest X-P was suspected to be multiple metastatic lesions. Celiac angiogram showed a giant malignant tumor of the liver. Cranial CT scan revealed an intracerebral mass in the right frontal lobe which was visualized an enhanced high density area by contrast enhancement with a cystic component. The patient was diagnosed metastatic tumors of the brain and the lung with primary hepatoblastoma. En bloc tumor removal with right frontotemporal craniotomy was performed. Histological diagnosis of the removed tumor was a well differentiated type of the hepatoblastoma. Postoperative course was fine as for consciousness and hemiparesis. With recent development of chemotherapy and medical treatment for infantile malignancy, the prognosis of hepatoblastoma has been improved. This report is believed to be the first operative case for metastatic brain tumor of hepatoblastoma.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

[Glucagonoma].

A 36 year old woman was admitted because of upper abdominal pain, fullness and weight loss. Pancreatic scintigram revealed abnormal accumulation of the radioisotope in the pancreatic head, and hepatic scintigram showed multiple filling defect in the bilateral lobe. Celiac angiogram demonstrated a tumor stain at the pancreatic head, encasement of the splenic artery and metastasis to the liver. The diagnosis of malignant glucagonoma was substantiated by high serum glucagon level of 1,100 pg/ml. Streptozotocin of 1.5g was administered intravenously once a week, totalling 9g. Thereafter, blood level of glucagon declined to the normal range, accompanied by improvement of diabetes mellitus and weight gain. At laparotomy, there was an over fist-sized mass at the body and tail of the pancreas, infiltrating the pancreatic head and periaortic region, and was found unresectable. On light microscopy, biopsied specimen was seen to be a tumor that contained glucagon. Secretary granules resembling A cell granules were observed by electron microscopy. She died of emaciation 6 years after the onset of the disease. Eighteen cases of glucagonoma reported in Japan, and 64 cases in Europe and the United States were reviewed in terms of the diagnosis and treatment.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1983

A simple classification of different types of trypanosomiasis occurring in four camel herds in selected areas of Kenya.

Camels from herds in four different areas of Kenya were sampled at regular intervals over periods of 9-15 months and examined for the presence of trypanosomiasis. Five hundred and eight camels divided into three age categories were studied. Trypanosomiasis caused by T. evansi, T. brucei and T. congolense was shown to be present in varying degrees in all the herds. Camels were divided into 5 types according to mortality, the presence or absence of circulating trypanosomes and antibody, and the presence or absence of emaciation and anaemia. Herd profiles were constructed according to the percentage of the different types over the whole of their respective study periods. Results indicated that camels in some herds show a calf-hood resistance to trypanosomiasis in endemic areas and that the disease may be present in a relatively stable situation. Some of the implications of these results are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Endocrine and metabolic disorders in anorexia nervosa. Their meaning].

The authors distinguish among the hormonal and metabolic disturbances found in Anorexia nervosa those, numerous, which are the results of emaciation only, and others which could be signs of central neuro-chemical dysregulation. The disturbances of the gonadotropic function and of the control of the "hunger-fattening" phenomena are probably of the latter type; however the nature of those dysfunctions and of their corresponding neuro-mediators remain so far hypothetical.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1983

Sequential histopathologic analysis of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane-induced hepatic megalocytosis and adenoma formation in the HPB mouse.

A temporal, gross, and histologic analysis of the livers of male HPB black mice maintained on a diet containing 500 ppm alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) was performed at 1, 3, 4, 8, 14, 21, 30, 33, 44, and 50 weeks. Grossly, progressive liver enlargement was first noticed at 3 weeks, hepatic nodules at 21 weeks, and emaciation at 30 weeks. Histopathologic liver alterations included universal hypertrophy of centrolobular hepatocytes first seen at 1 week and the merging of adjacent megalocytic zones at 3 weeks. At 21 weeks, microadenomata and macroadenomata were seen in 2 of 7 mice. At 30 weeks, adenomata occurred in 7 of 8 mice and at 33, 44, and 50 weeks in 6 of 6, 5 of 5, and 5 of 5 mice, respectively. Individual adenomata were composed of large well-packed cells with basophilic and acidophilic pale-staining or lipid-laden cytoplasm forming disorganized cords of variable thickness. Depending on the stage of development, adenomata were classified into 4 subtypes. Subtype I, the earliest form seen, arose within megalocytic areas and was composed of a small number of megalocytic cells exhibiting loss of polarity. Subtype II was smaller than a liver lobule. Subtype III was larger and at times resulted from the merging of adjacent subtype II nodules. Subtype IV included the largest adenomata, most of which resulted from coalescing smaller sized subtypes. Under the conditions of this experiment, neither hepatocellular carcinoma nor metastases in the lungs were detected. It was concluded that if alpha-HCH-induced hepatocellular adenoma is ever to give rise to hepatocellular carcinoma, this transformation must progress very slowly.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

Effect of repeated locoweed feeding on peripheral lymphocytic function and plasma proteins in sheep.

Seven healthy, adult, crossbred yearling ewes were given (orally) 340 g of locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus) every day for 10 weeks. Another 7 ewes were not fed the plant, but were housed similarly (controls). Blood samples were obtained once a week to evaluate the mitogen-induced lymphocytic responsiveness. For the locoweed-exposed ewes, there was decreased activity in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (a T-cell mitogen). This effect, although not statistically significant at all times, was consistent and became significant after 7 weeks. A similar response was observed in the blood cell cultures in the presence of pokeweed mitogen, but the differences were not statistically significant at most time points. For the locoweed-exposed ewes there also were gradual numerical decreases in total leukocyte and lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Peripheral leukocytes had cytoplasmic vacuolation. The results indicated that a selective effect may occur on cell-mediated immune responses. Serum proteins and gamma-globulins were not affected by locoweed treatment. Locoweed, certain species of Astragalus and Oxytropis, causes considerable economic loss to the livestock industry of western United States. Locoweed consumption by livestock can result in neurologic problems, emaciation, habituation, and reproductive alterations. The reproductive alterations include abortions, birth defects, and some interference with spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Signs of poisoning are CNS depression, rough dry coat, dull eyes, irregular gait, and excitement when stressed. The microscopic lesions are neurovisceral cytoplasmic vacuolations. Microscopic lesions are also observed in the fetuses and newborns of dams which were fed locoweed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Anorexia nervosa: the patient, her family and key family therapy interventions.

In a nation in which jogging, diets, and weight consciousness are so prevalent, it is easy to understand why middle class teenage girls want to become or stay thin. It is harder for us all to understand why some of these young women become so emaciated that they may die. We have tried to present information that will enable health care professionals to achieve a broader understanding of the clinical syndrome of anorexia nervosa and the family of the anorexic. Some key family therapy interventions that will enable the family system to become more adaptive to change have been highlighted and explained through the use of actual case material.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Operative and chemotherapeutic management of malignant glucagon-producing tumors.

Glucagon-producing tumors of the pancreas are among the rarest forms of islet cell tumors. Two patients are described in whom the characteristic dermatitis, glucose intolerance, weight loss, and anemia of the glucagonoma syndrome were due to a metastasizing islet cell carcinoma. In both, removal of the primary tumor with a distal pancreatectomy brought marked relief of all clinical symptoms for 1- and 2-year periods. Because streptozocin, the usual chemotherapeutic agent for these tumors, is quite toxic and frequently unsuccessful dimethyltriazenoimidazole carboximide (DTIC) was used for recurrence after operation. The first patient began taking DTIC when his rash reappeared and his immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) level rose to 6,000 pg/ml (normal, less than 200 pg/ml). Within 3 months, his rash was gone, and IRG level was 75 pg/ml. The second patient developed a neoplastic gastrocolic fistula and was extremely emaciated. With DTIC, the fistula healed, and he gained weight and returned to work. His IRG level has decreased from 2,975 to 200 pg/ml. No side-effects were noted during chemotherapy. Temporary palliation of malignant glucagon-producing neoplasms can be achieved by cytoreductive surgery. When the life-threatening symptoms of this syndrome recur, DTIC chemotherapy seems indicated because of its safety and effectiveness.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1983

Diarrhea in one to three week-old piglets associated with Clostridium perfringens type A.

Investigation on the aetiology of diarrhoea in piglets of one to three weeks of age revealed high numbers of Clostridium perfringens type A in intestinal contents of severely affected animals. Experimental infections with hysterectomy derived, colostrum deprived piglets performed in an isolator resulted in a clinical picture indistinguishable from the clinical signs observed under field conditions i.e. creamy diarrhoea, emaciation, abundant gas in the gut but usually low mortality rate. The predominant post-mortem findings were the presence of gas in the intestinal lumen and in the mucosa, superficial necrosis and villus atrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The state of research in anorexia nervosa and bulimia.

Recent studies suggest that some of the DSM III criteria for anorexia nervosa require revision. In particular exclusion for onset beyond 25, and a requirement for 25 per cent weight loss appear inappropriate, whereas amenorrhoea correlates better with anorectic psychology than weight. Although an increased incidence of affective disturbance among the relatives of anorectics and bulimics has been shown, the precise relationship with affective disorder remains unclear. Cortisol non-suppression and low MHPG excretion are related to weight loss. However, some areas of hypothalamic dysfunction cannot be explained by emaciation or diet. Pre-pubertal LH secretion patterns, absence of estrogen positive feedback on LH, and failure of LH response to clomiphene can persist despite normalisation of weight. Furthermore 1-dopa fails to induce the normal growth hormone response in weight restored anorectics, suggesting impairment at post-synaptic dopamine receptors. Body image studies have been varied, suggesting heterogeneity of body image distortion among anorectic subgroups. The role of family environment in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa has not been fully elucidated, although such a role in the relationship between bulimic symptomatology and personality disturbance have been suggested. Of the behavioral therapies, operant positive reinforcement that restores weight in a hospital setting has had the best results. Successful pharmacological approaches have included cyproheptadine (a serotonin antagonist), chlorpromazine and metoclopramide.

Adolescent↗