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PubMed2006

Genotyping by RAPD-PCR analyses of Malassezia furfur strains from pityriasis versicolor and seborrhoeic dermatitis patients.

Malassezia furfur is lypophilic yeast commonly associate with dermatological disorders. In the present work, we described the isolation of 47 M. furfur strains from three groups of patients: pityriasis versicolor (21 isolates), seborrhoeic dermatitis (15 isolates) and seborrhoeic dermatitis of the HIV positive patients (11 isolates). To investigate the identity of the strains at molecular level, DNA genomic of M. furfur strains were prepared and used to RAPD-PCR analyses. RAPD assay were carried out using two decamer primers and bands pattern generated were analyzed by an Unweighted Pair-Group Method (UPGMA). Dendrogram established a distinct differentiation between M. furfur isolates from pityriasis versicolor and seborrhoeic dermatitis patients with or without AIDS. We concluded that RAPD typing presented a high discriminatory power between strains studied in this work and can be applied in epidemiological investigation of skin disease causing by M. furfur.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of endometriosis with gestrinone (R-2323), a synthetic antiestrogen, antiprogesterone.

Twenty patients with endometriosis diagnosed by laparoscopy were treated with the antiestrogen, antiprogesterone gestrinone (R-2323) for 6 to 8 months. The drug was administered in a dose of 5 mg twice weekly. According to the American Fertility Society's classification of endometriosis, five patients were classified as having mild (Stage I), eight as having moderate (Stage II), and seven as having severe endometriosis (Stage III). All patients became amenorrheic at the end of the second month of treatment, and symptomless at the end of the third month. Of nine women who had the potential and the desire to conceive, three conceived within 3 months after termination of treatment. Two more became pregnant within 1 year, and another, 14 months after termination of treatment. Five pregnancies progressed to term. One patient aborted. Two of the three women who did not conceive had subfertile husbands. Major side effects recorded were seborrhea and acne, which subsided after discontinuation of therapy. Treatment of endometriosis with gestrinone offers the advantage of effective clearing of lesions with relatively low dosage and frees the patient from the daily administration of drugs required by similar conservative hormonal therapies.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1995

Common dermatoses.

Skin diseases are an essential part of primary care medicine. Most dermatologic care is delivered in an outpatient setting. The initial evaluation is usually performed by the primary care physician. Women account for nearly 60% of all visits for dermatologic complaints.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacology of antiandrogens.

Principally, antiandrogens affect all androgen-dependent organs and functions as for instance accessory sexual glands, spermatogenesis, skin and skin appendages, libido and potency, male sexual differentiation, longitudinal bone growth and bone maturation. Pharmacologically, it is important to distinguish between the steroidal antiandrogens of the cyproterone acetate type and the nonsteroidal pure antiandrogens (flutamide, anandrone). For the clinical use of cyproterone acetate and similar antiandrogens in both men and women the three main properties are important: Cyproterone acetate is antiandrogenic, it is a quite potent progestogen and it is antigonadotrophic. Based on pharmacological and biochemical backgrounds cyproterone acetate is used in the following indications: Androgen mediated disorders of the skin such as acne, seborrhoea, hirsutism, alopecia, advanced prostatic carcinoma, precocious puberty and male hypersexuality. In order to avoid undesired systemic side effects local application of antiandrogens, e.g. of cyproterone acetate, has been tried several times. All these attempts have failed probably because insufficient concentration of the antiandrogen at the pilo sebaceous unit. 17 alpha-propylmesterolone is active when given topically (hamster ear model) and has no systemic antiandrogenic effects. This antiandrogen is highly lipophilic and does penetrate preferentially through the hair follicle as has been shown by autoradiography.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1985

Distribution of keratin proteins in neoplastic and tumorlike lesions of squamous epithelium. An immunohistochemical study.

Seventy-six cases of tumorlike and neoplastic lesions from epidermis and oral epithelium were analyzed by a histochemical technique for the demonstration of keratin. Formalin-fixed paraffin sections were reacted with rabbit antihuman keratin antiserum (dilution of 1:40). The types of distribution of keratin in cells of lesions were classified into five categories: (1) regional, as found in normal squamous epithelia and benign hyperkeratinized lesions, and papilloma, and keratinized squamous cell carcinoma; (2) total, as seen in intensely keratinized lesions, such as verruca vulgaris and highly keratinized squamous cell carcinoma; (3) negative, as displayed by basal cell carcinoma; (4) scattered, as in the most poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas; and (5) mixed cellular, as found in both poorly and moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1991

"Goodbye Sunshine": effects of a television program about melanoma on beliefs, behavior, and melanoma thickness.

Of 333 persons interviewed after a television show about the effects of melanoma, 113 (34%) saw the show and 73% believed that the sun protection/skin examination message applied to them. Fifty-six percent of persons examined their own skin and 36% examined someone else's skin after seeing the program. Fifteen persons (4.5% of the total sample) planned to visit a doctor for an abnormal skin spot as a result of the program, of whom three actually did so within 4 weeks of the show. An increase of 167% was observed in the number of melanomas diagnosed in the 3 months after the show, compared with those diagnosed in the same period the year before. There was a significant shift in the proportion of tumors removed in the thin, easily cured stage. The high rate of diagnosis of new tumors and the high proportion of thin tumors was maintained a year after the program. By extrapolation from these figures, it is estimated that 208,000 Victorians out of a total population of 4.1 million intended to seek a consultation after a single television program. Of these, it is estimated that about 27,000 actually sought attention in the month after the viewing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ketoconazole 2% shampoo versus selenium sulfide 2.5% shampoo in the treatment of moderate to severe dandruff.

BACKGROUND: Ketoconazole is highly effective against the yeast Pityrosporum ovale, an organism believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of dandruff. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ketoconazole 2% shampoo versus selenium sulfide 2.5% shampoo and placebo shampoo in patients with moderate to severe dandruff. METHODS: Features assessed included adherent and loose dandruff scores, presence or absence of irritation, itching, yeast cells, and global improvement rating by the investigator. RESULTS: A total of 246 patients were included. Mean total adherent dandruff score declined throughout the treatment period with both ketoconazole 2% and selenium sulfide 2.5% shampoos significantly better than placebo at all visits. Ketoconazole was statistically superior to selenium sulfide at day 8 only (p = 0.0026). Both medicated shampoos were significantly better than placebo for reducing irritation and itching. Of the nine adverse experiences reported during the treatment phase, all involved patients treated with selenium sulfide 2.5% shampoo. CONCLUSION: Both ketoconazole 2% shampoo and selenium sulfide 2.5% shampoo are effective in the treatment of moderate to severe dandruff; however, ketoconazole 2% shampoo appears to be better tolerated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A 40-100 MHz B-scan ultrasound backscatter microscope for skin imaging.

There is a growing interest in high resolution, subsurface imaging of cutaneous tissues using higher frequency ultrasound, and several commercial systems have been developed recently which operate at 20 MHz. Some of the possible applications of higher frequency skin imaging include tumour staging, boundary definition, and studies of the response of tumours to therapy, investigations of inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema, and basic studies of skin aging, sun damage and the effects of irritants. Investigation of these areas is quite new, and the role of ultrasound skin imaging is continuing to evolve. Lateral resolution in the 20 MHz imaging systems ranges from 200 to 300 microns, which limits imaging applications to cutaneous structures which are relatively large in size. In this paper, a real-time ultrasound backscatter microscope (UBM) for skin imaging is described which operates in the 40-100 MHz range, providing axial resolution between 17 and 30 microns and lateral resolution between 33 and 94 microns. This improvement in resolution over current skin ultrasound systems should prove useful in determining the margins of small skin lesions, and in obtaining more precise, in vivo skin thickness measurements to characterize nonmalignant skin disease. Example images of normal skin, seborrhoeic keratosis and malignant melanoma illustrate the imaging potential of this system.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1987

Ketoconazole, leukotrienes, Paf-acether and nicotine as a hapten: the possible aetiology of seborrhoeic dermatitis.

There is evidence in some individuals that seborrhoeic dermatitis is an immuno-allergic reaction induced by nicotine as hapten. Nicotine is present in passive smoking, botanic areas, some foods at very low levels, smokeless tobacco and chewing gums. The successful use of topical ketoconazole as an anti-fungal treatment has been recently explained by its anti-leukotrienes properties in vitro, in vivo and by its capacity to inhibit the leukotrienes-mediated anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in the guinea-pigs. The occurrence of hypersensitivity to nicotine in seborrhoeic dermatitis remains to be determined, but an other original view is open for a better comprehension of an old disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

Abrogation of facial seborrhoeic dermatitis with homoeopathic high dilutions of tobacco: a new visible model for Benveniste's theory of 'Memory of water'.

The author describes the activity of homoeopathic high dilutions of tobacco to treat his familial facial seborrhoeic dermatitis induced by the hapten nicotine. A double-blind experiment against placebo and several treatments with continuous and single intakes of tobacco high dilutions led after a break to a late abrogation of dermatitis simulating a desensitization. These observations provide a new possible explanation for the placebo effect and facial seborrhoeic dermatitis is proposed as a new visible model for Benveniste's theory of 'Memory of water'.

Dermatitis, Seborrheic↗
PubMed1983

The comparative toxic effects of proprietary antidandruff, adult and baby shampoos on rabbit ileum.

Each of four antidandruff shampoos, containing zinc pyrithione, was statistically significantly more potent at blocking spontaneous contractions of rabbit isolated ileum than was any of four adult shampoos which in turn were each significantly more potent that any of four baby shampoos tested. The ileum model therefore appears to be sufficiently sensitive to distinguish between antidandruff, adult and baby shampoos. It is suggested that if those who carry out in vivo eye irritancy testing also test their products on the ileum model then, over a period of time, this in vitro test might be proved to be a viable alternative to many of the in vivo tests currently carried out.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Antiandrogens: clinical applications.

Antiandrogens, preventing androgen action at target tissue level, are used in the treatment of various androgen-dependent diseases. Pharmacologically these substances have either a steroidal structure, like cyproterone acetate (CPA) and spironolactone (SPL), or a non-steroidal structure, like flutamide (FLU). In women with hyperandrogenism (PCO syndrome, idiopathic hirsutism, acne), clinical benefit may be obtained with CPA, which also displays a progestational activity and an antigonadotropic effect. CPA (25-50 mg/day) is used in combination with ethinyl-estradiol (EE) (20-30 micrograms/day) in reversed sequential regimen. SPL, less effective than CPA may be employed in moderate hirsutism and acne at dosages of 100-200 mg/day. During SPL treatment menstrual irregularities are frequent: in this case an association with oral contraceptives is indicated. SPL + bromocriptine (2.5-5 mg/day) has been experienced with success in PCO syndrome. The pure antiandrogen FLU, inducing progressive increase in LH and testosterone secretion, may be used only in combination with oral contraceptives. In men antiandrogens have been tested in BPH and prostatic carcinoma. In BPH the decrease in nuclear receptors and DHT nuclear content during CPA or FLU may represent the rational base of the medical treatment. An improvement in urinary obstructive manifestation has been observed with CPA alone or associated with tamoxifen (100 mg + 100 mg day). In advanced prostatic carcinoma antiandrogens represent a good alternative to estrogen therapy with less side effects and in combination with surgical or medical castration (LH-RH analogues) achieve a complete androgen blockade. An increase in the percentage of remissions and survival has been reported.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cutaneous markers of HIV infection.

Despite the development of laboratory methods, dermatological symptoms are a basic index of the presence and physical course of HIV infection. HIV infection usually undergoes a long latent period, proceeds to a period of immunodeficiency-related symptoms, and ends in an advanced immunodeficiency state characterized by opportunistic infections and neoplasms. Occasionally, dermatological manifestations can be the first signs of asymptomatic disease, indices of advanced immunodeficiency, or symptoms of opportunistic infections or neoplasms. The variety of symptoms and signs for the skin during the course of HIV infection is a consequence of the progressing immunodeficiency and therefore indicates the underlying disorder. The use of these manifestations is a challenge for clinical praxis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗