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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Application, function, and effects of menthol in cigarettes: a survey of tobacco industry documents.

Menthol cigarettes are the only cigarette market category identified by use of a flavor additive and constitute more than a quarter of the overall market. Menthol also is used at reduced levels in many nonmenthol brands. Public health research has suggested patterns of use of mentholated brands as a potential explanation for the health disparities between Black (largely menthol) and White (largely nonmenthol) smokers and has explored the effects of menthol on smoker behavior, consumption patterns, and consequent delivery of smoke constituents. However, relatively few published studies have directly examined the physiological impact and function of menthol delivery in cigarettes. In this study, we review internal tobacco industry documents to assess industry research on function and effects of menthol in cigarettes. Industry documents describe a range of physiological effects of menthol, with important implications for use and consumption patterns. These effects include altered perception of tobacco smoke and its constituents via cooling, smoothing, and anesthetic effects; increased impact through stimulation of trigeminal receptors; interaction with nicotine controlling its perception, delivery, and uptake; and increased respiratory irritation and toxic effects. Further studies are needed to evaluate these findings. We conclude that the unique differences between menthol cigarettes and nonmenthol cigarettes must be considered in research, cessation treatment, and enactment of tobacco product regulations.

Central Nervous System↗
PubMed2006

Substring selection for biomedical document classification.

MOTIVATION: Attribute selection is a critical step in development of document classification systems. As a standard practice, words are stemmed and the most informative ones are used as attributes in classification. Owing to high complexity of biomedical terminology, general-purpose stemming algorithms are often conservative and could also remove informative stems. This can lead to accuracy reduction, especially when the number of labeled documents is small. To address this issue, we propose an algorithm that omits stemming and, instead, uses the most discriminative substrings as attributes. RESULTS: The approach was tested on five annotated sets of abstracts from iProLINK that report on the experimental evidence about five types of protein post-translational modifications. The experiments showed that Naive Bayes and support vector machine classifiers perform consistently better [with area under the ROC curve (AUC) accuracy in range 0.92-0.97] when using the proposed attribute selection than when using attributes obtained by the Porter stemmer algorithm (AUC in 0.86-0.93 range). The proposed approach is particularly useful when labeled datasets are small.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1999

35 mm film vs. digital photography for patient documentation: is it time to change?

35 mm photography is currently the standard method of documenting a patient's appearance and recording the post-operative changes. With rapidly advancing technology, the digital system is now capable of providing vivid pictures that have multiple advantages over conventional 35 mm photography. Namely, digital pictures are comparatively inexpensive to take, can be stored as digital information, easily retrieved, and immediate viewing and imaging are possible. For many applications in plastic surgery patient documentation, digital photography is now more affordable and flexible than the 35 mm film system. The following is a cost and quality comparison between the two systems.

Documentation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new approach to assessment and documentation of conscious sedation during endoscopic examinations.

Assessment and documentation of patient responses to treatment and/or invasive procedures are important facets of nursing care. The purpose of this article is to describe a tool for assessing and quantifying a patient's response to sedation and tolerance of a specific diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedure. Use of the conscious sedation scale will allow the nurse to objectively measure the patient's outcome. This tool will also facilitate better patient care and documentation and substantiate nursing intervention.

Procedural Sedation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transitioning from paper to computerized documentation.

Although charting forms have evolved over time to meet the changing needs in healthcare, little has changed in the process of documentation until the introduction of computers in healthcare in the late 20th century. The author describes three early nursing documentation systems and the evolution of the automated process. One of the important lessons learned about the move from paper to computerized charting is that the process is not "automatic."

Data Collection↗
PubMed1994

Improving clinical documentation quality.

A multidisciplinary documentation quality team was appointed four years ago with the charter to revise the admission nursing assessment form, eliminate the traditional handwritten nursing care plan, establish a method to utilize standards of care and standards of practice as the basis for individualizing the patient plan of care, establish flexible charting systems for specialty sections, and develop clear and concise guidelines to accompany specialty area documentation systems. This article provides an overview of the project and the outcomes realized through commitment, collaboration, and cooperation.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1999

Designing interdisciplinary documentation for the continuum of care.

An increased emphasis on integrated care delivery and the need to access information across the care continuum led to an assessment and modification of the current documentation system at Summa Health System in Akron, Ohio. The goal was to achieve more complete and concise interdisciplinary charting. This article describes the process the two-hospital system developed to achieve integrated documentation reflecting the patient's progress toward team-defined outcomes. Steps in the evaluation and modification of the old system, lessons learned, and results/implications for quality improvement are shared.

Continuity of Patient Care↗
PubMed2001

Critical incidents: effective communication and documentation.

Critical incidents can be defined at sentinel events, critical patient care issues, or any patient event outside the normal parameters of care. Nurses are central to maintaining the standard of care for patients in these situations. Miscommunication, including inadequate communication and illegible or incomplete documentation, forms a basis for many clinical and interpersonal problems in nursing practice. This practical article discusses expectations, both professional and legal, for avoiding and/or managing critical incidents. Suggestions for assessment parameters to report are included in table format, which the nurse can 'clip and use' as a reminder of data to have prepared before calling and/or presenting the problem. Steps are proposed for a logical, organized plan to help the nurse communicate more effectively. Recommendations for essentials of documentation regarding the verbal interaction and orders received are also presented.

Communication↗
PubMed1999

The twelve Cs of clinical documentation.

Going back to the basics is useful in challenging times. As we persist through the fallout from IPS, OASIS, and the new world of managed care, we should hold on to what we know works. The "12 Cs of Clinical Documentation" presented in this article can help new and seasoned staff document more effectively in less time.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1995

Computerized documentation in home health.

Computerized documentation in community health nursing is only now receiving the attention it deserves. The authors explain one agency's experience with adapting a computerized clinical documentation system to visiting nurses' needs and the nurses' responses to the process.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed1999

Documentation in the long-term care setting.

The challenge of delivering care in the long-term care setting has been sharpened in recent years by the increasing diversity of the U.S. population, the increase of the oldest elderly, and the percentage of Medicare patients with disabilities and dementia. The result is a heightened need for more gerontologic nurses. However, as nurses enter the long-term care arena to meet the demand, they experience confusion and frustration with the newly mandated Prospective Payment System (PPS) contained in the Balanced Budget Act of 1997. Under the PPS, accurate assessment and documentation is linked directly to the amount of reimbursement. Reimbursement, in turn, influences the quality of care for geriatric patients and the salaries for nurses. The author discusses the long-term care setting and the history and importance of the PPS documentation and offers a guide for PPS implementation in the long-term care setting.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Patient-centered documentation: an effective and efficient use of clinical information systems.

After 2 years of experience with a basic computerized system for documenting care, the nursing leaders in an inner city hospital undertook a redesign process to create an effective and efficient system for documentation that also provided data for monitoring care processes, patient outcomes, and staff performance. The basic system was a source of frustration and dissatisfaction for nurses, physicians, and managers. The redesigned system has exceeded the expectations of staff and physicians and delighted managers. Managers can now access the clinical data collected by the staff to create meaningful reports describing the patient population, identifying patients needs, monitoring staff compliance with care standards, and tracking improvements in care processes.

Documentation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Documented clinical experiences of primary care RN students: a preliminary report.

A student-patient encounter form was developed for documenting patients' visits in the practicums of three primary care courses--obstetric-gynecology, pediatrics, and general adult patients--and from January 1973 to June 1974, 22 registered nurse students completed 1,027 student-patient encounter forms. Health problems were identified, using the Weed system and classified by the International Classification of Disease adapted for use in the United States. The study demonstrated that the encounter form facilitated the documentation of base-line data for student practicums. Preliminary analysis of the data revealed that: 1) health problems of patients classified as "without sickness" were important in the case loads of registered nurse students in obstetric-gynecologic and pediatric practicums; 2) health problems of patients classified as "symptoms of ill-defined conditions" were also important in all three student practicums, particularly with general adult patients: and 3) students encountered a cluster of health problems in dealing with patients in the three practicums. The study suggested a need to develop a classification scheme for health problems encountered in primary care nursing services.

Chicago↗
PubMed1986

Personal documents and nursing theory development.

Personal documents, notably autobiographical accounts, supply a compelling realm of phenomenological data for nursing theory, providing insight and understanding into the nonnormative nature of health and health-related experience. Personal documents occasion a discussion of empathic understanding as an analytical component of human science and illness as an occasion of heightened personal awareness. Triangulation research strategies are advocated as a means of incorporating personal experience data in nursing research.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Documentation of characteristics of early hospital readmission of elderly patients. A challenge for inservice educators.

Researchers conducted a retrospective review of 127 hospital records over a 3-month period to examine factors related to early hospital readmissions of patients age 65 and over. The leading diagnoses resulting in early readmissions were related to heart and circulatory problems, with a mean of 12.5 days between discharge and readmission. Gaps in documentation and the need for including qualitative data are discussed. Staff development educators are central to implementing strategies to correct these documentation deficiencies.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Documenting participation in an employer-sponsored disease management program: selection, exclusion, attrition, and active engagement as possible metrics.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to document participation in a large employer-sponsored disease management program. METHODS: This retrospective study tracked participation and attrition rates for asthma, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and congestive heart failure programs over a 4-year period. RESULTS: Across all four illnesses, only 25% of those identified had any participation. Over 12 months, only 7% continued participating. Of the 93% who were lost, 35% were excluded, 15% could not be contacted, 25% declined to participate, and 17% dropped out over time. All groups improved their adherence to recommended treatment guidelines. Nonparticipants showed the greatest absolute improvement in receiving recommended medical services; however, they also had the lowest rate of service use at baseline and remained lowest at follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Documenting active engagement and attrition rates may provide useful information for decision-makers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Assessing and documenting general competencies in otolaryngology resident training programs.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to: 1) implement web-based instruments for assessing and documenting the general competencies of otolaryngology resident education, as outlined by the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME); and 2) examine the benefit and validity of this online system for measuring educational outcomes and for identifying insufficiencies in the training program as they occur. METHODS: We developed an online assessment system for a surgical postgraduate education program and examined its feasibility, usability, and validity. Evaluations of behaviors, skills, and attitudes of 26 residents were completed online by faculty, peers, and nonphysician professionals during a 3-year period. Analyses included calculation and evaluation of total average performance scores of each resident by different evaluators. Evaluations were also compared with American Board of Otolaryngology-administered in-service examination (ISE) scores for each resident. Convergent validity was examined statistically by comparing ratings among the different evaluator types. RESULTS: Questionnaires and software were found to be simple to use and efficient in collecting essential information. From July 2002 to June 2005, 1,336 evaluation forms were available for analysis. The average score assigned by faculty was 4.31, significantly lower than that by nonphysician professionals (4.66) and residents evaluating peers (4.63) (P < .001), whereas scores were similar between nonphysician professionals and resident peers. Average scores between faculty and nonphysician groups showed correlation in constructs of communication and relationship with patients, but not in those of professionalism and documentation. Correlation was observed in respect for patients but not in medical knowledge between faculty and resident peer groups. Resident ISE scores improved in the third year of the study and demonstrated high correlation with faculty perceptions of medical knowledge (r = 0.65, P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: Compliance for completion of forms was 97%. The system facilitated the educational management of our training program along multiple dimensions. The small perceptual differences among a highly selected group of residents have made the unambiguous validation of the system challenging. The instruments and approach warrant further study. Improvements are likely best achieved in broad consultation among other otolaryngology programs.

Adult↗