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PubMed2001

Self-reported hand dermatitis in California veterinarians.

BACKGROUND: Veterinarians are exposed to allergens, dirt, and chemicals, but there are very few epidemiologic data on dermatoses veterinarians. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to get information about skin diseases in veterinary work. METHODS: A sample of California veterinarians were sent a questionnaire, which was returned by 73% (n = 1,416). RESULTS: History of skin atopy was reported by 11% and respiratory atopy by 63%. Dermatoses during their career were reported by 46%, and hand and/or forearm dermatitis was reported more than once and during the past year by 22% of women and 10% of men. Dermatitis with work-related exacerbating factors was reported by 28%. Almost 1 of 5 veterinarians reported animal-related skin symptoms. Other aggravators were medications (2%), gloves (4%), and other chemicals (7% of respondents). Of those with animal-related dermatitis, 65% reported only 1 animal (dog, 66%; cat, 29%; horse, 9%; and cattle, 8%), and 66% reported the symptoms appeared in minutes after the contact. In logistic analysis, the risk factors for the appearance of hand/forearm dermatitis during the past 12 months and more than once during their career, were: history of skin atopy (odds ratio, 3.5), childhood hand dermatitis (odds ratio, 3.4), history of respiratory atopy (odds ratio, 2.0), and female sex (odds ratio, 1.9). CONCLUSIONS: Veterinarians' skin symptoms were common and often caused by immediate allergy to 1 or few animal species.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative treatment between thalidomide and transfer factor in severe atopic dermatitis].

AIMS: The atopic dermatitis is an chronic inflammatory illness of the skin. It exists an interrelation complex of factors gene, environmental, and psychological that contribute to the development and severity of the illness. The immunol aberrations significant is the answer increased of IgE specific antibodies toward antigens common, the liberation is increased of immunol mediators by the basophils and mast cells, eosinophils peripheral and local, besides enlarges the biphasic activity Th1/Th2 with liberation of cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), GM-C5F, and decrease of IFN-gamma by the cells Th1. Leung to report a knowledge upon the bases immunopathologies of it atopic dermatitis has immunopathologies clinical important for the diagnosis and processing. Alternatives multiples of processing by the same complexity of the illness exist. OBJECTIVE: To compare the security and the clinical efficacy of the thalidomide and the factor of transfer in the atopic dermatitis severe. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Were studied patient with diagnosis of atopic dermatitis severe in agreement with the criterions of Hanifin and Rajka that they entered to the service of Allergy and Immunology Clinical of the Hospital Regional Lic. Adolfo López Mateos (public hospital). They were included 19 patient (women 12 and men 7, with age average 30 +/- 4 years). They were distributed in two groups. The first group of 5 patient administration thalidomide 200 mg/d during six months. The second group am administered the factor of transfer a total of 15 units by road oral during six months. Studies of laboratory for appraisal were requested immunology and metabolic pretreatment and pretreatment. RESULTS: In the group A dealt with thalidomide 5 patient and the group B dealt with FT, both presented a statistically significant decrease, as for the extension of the wounds (p < 0.01), and 1 am observed greater reduction in the intensity of the symptoms, the SCORAD total (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively) with statistical difference among them. None presented alterations immunologies and metabolic secondary to the use of the two drugs and not there was the need to suspend the processing. During the period of study, the patient were maintained controlled to the allergic rhinitis and the asthma. DISCUSSION: In the atopic dermatitis by its secondary clinical complexity to the multifactors etiologic, the alternatives of processing utilized in the present study are an option the security and efficacy, I am observed better clinical.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Food allergy and atopic dermatitis in low birthweight infants during early childhood.

UNLABELLED: The prevalence rates of food allergy and atopic dermatitis in low birthweight infants were evaluated. In Fukuoka City, Japan, between July 1994 and September 1997, sufficient information including birthweight, gestational age, sex, feeding method and a history of food allergy was obtained from questionnaires at the well-baby check-ups of 21766 infants (18 mo of age) and 4378 children (3 y of age). All the children were examined by pediatricians with regard to the existence of atopic dermatitis. The prevalence rate (8.1%) of food allergy in infants with low birthweight (<2,500 g) was significantly lower than that (11.2%) in infants with normal birthweight (> or = 2,500 g) at 18 mo of age (p = 0.0002). Atopic dermatitis was also observed at a lower prevalence rate (1.2%) in infants with low birthweight than in those with normal birthweight (2.3%) at the same age (p = 0.0041). However, this significance was lost at 3 y of age. Other characteristics including male sex and breast-feeding showed independent risks for the development of food allergy and atopic dermatitis at both ages. CONCLUSION: This study found that low birthweight was significantly associated with a lower risk of both food allergy and atopic dermatitis at 18 mo of age.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis].

There is a wide variety of criteria in regard to the etiology of atopic dermatitis of neurodermitis. The allergic factor may play a very important role in its etiology. There is neither a general agreement on the importance of food allergy in this regard. Broadly considered, these patients may evoke intense positive reactions to intradermal tests to food and inhalative allergens, nevertheless it will be possible to establish that the lesions appear or disappear after the exposure of suppression of the antigens which evoked the positive reaction. On this basis, many dermatologists deny the allergic etiology in atopic dermatitis, even though in most instances no food skin tests are performed. In this study, 110 patients, both children and adults of both sexes, suffering from atopic dermatitis are investigated. The onset in most of the cases is before the age of six months, following the ages between 1-10 years; the groups between 6 months and one year, and 10-20 years followed a descending order per decade until 70 years. 60.9% of the cases showed food allergy to one or more food items. In 39% of the cases, no food allergy was found. The food-stuffs more commonly involved were: milk (37.7%), egg (26.3%) and fish (20.9%), followed by coca, wheat flour, seafood, fruits, vegetables and meat. A remission of the reaction followed the suppression of the allergen. Intestinal parasitosis is evaluated in relation to atopic dermatitis. 30.9% of the 110 cases were affected with intestinal parasitosis, being the most common the flagelates (lamblias), protozoa (amoeba) and nematodes (ascaris, tricocephalus and oxijrus). Finally, a concurrence is found between atopic dermatitis and other allergic diseases in 81 cases (73.6%), being bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis the most frequent, and allergic rhinitis, urticaria and Quincke's edema less frequent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[An epidemiological survey of schistosome cercarial dermatitis among the residents living along the banks of the Huaihe River system].

AIM: To make an epidemiological survey of schistosome cercarial dermatitis among the residents living along the banks of the Huaihe River. METHODS: Making inquiries about signs and symptoms of schistosome cercarial dermatitis, and physical examinations of manifestation in the residents (fishermen and peasants). Cercariae shed from the Radix auricularia collected in the field were used to infect ducklings. The eggs and miracidia separated from the feces of the full grown ducks bred by fishermen were used to infect Radix auricularia. RESULTS: Schistosome dermatitis locally known as "duck itch" (meaning duck-fecesdermatitis) was discovered among the residents living along the Huaihe River bank. The main signs and symptoms of the dermatitis included diffuse erythema or red papular eruption with areorae, urticae, urticant itch or titillation around the affected areas (including thoracic part, abdomen and lower limbs etc). The cercariae with eye spot were found from Radix auricularia collected from Huaihe riverside and were identified to be the species of Trichobilharzia can both hatch miracidium, which laboratory-reared Radix auricularia were infected with miracidia hatched from the two types of eggs, rhomboid eggs and crescent eggs, found in the feces of full grown ducks bred by fishermen and shed the same cereariae with eye spot. Besides, adult worms of Trichobiharzia were obtained by dissecting both experimentally infected ducklings bred in the laboratory and naturally infected ducks bred in the Huaihe river-side area. The above-mentioned eggs, miracidia, cercariae and adult worms were all identified to belong to the life-phase of Trichobilharzia. CONCLUSION: The epidemic disease known as schistosoma cercarial dermatitis harmful to the health of the residents living along the banks of Huaihe River is caused by the cercariae of Trichobilharzia.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Allergic contact dermatitis to the Comfeel hydrocolloid dressing].

INTRODUCTION: Allergic contact dermatitis is frequent in patients with chronic leg ulcers. However, it rarely occurs with modern wound dressings and is exceptional with hydrocolloids. CASE REPORT: A 66-year-old woman was treated for a leg ulcer with the Comfeel plus(R) transparent hydrocolloid dressing for two months. She developed a pruriginous, erythematous and vesiculous dermatitis under the hydrocolloid plaques. Patch tests for the Comfeel plus(R) transparent hydrocolloid, the Comfeel plus(R) hydrocolloid, balsam of Peru and epoxy resin were positive. Only the positive test for the Comfeel plus(R) transparent hydrocolloid was clinically pertinent. The histological examination of the positive test was suggestive of eczema. DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, allergic contact dermatitis to Comfeel plus(R) hydrocolloid dressings has not been reported. Most previous studies which included systematic patch-testings in patients with leg ulcers showed high sensitization rates for various allergens, but no allergy to hydrocolloids. Only isolated cases of allergic contact dermatitis to another hydrocolloid (Duoderm E(R)) have been reported. Our case report shows that allergic contact dermatitis is a possible side-effect of Comfeel plus(R) hydrocolloid dressings. However, it seems exceptional. Since the patch-tests failed to identify the constituent responsible for this allergy in our observation, comprehensive allergologic investigations should be repeated in further cases.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Atopic cataracts in a child with atopic dermatitis: a case report and review of the literature.

Cataracts induced by atopic dermatitis rarely occur in adolescent and young adult patients suffering from this problem. Lenticular opacity is an important ocular complication in atopic dermatitis. Although the cause of atopic dermatitis and its ocular complications are unknown, cataracts have been observed to develop and progress during periods of exacerbation of the dermatitis. We report the case of a 16-year-old boy with atopic dermatitis who abruptly developed cataracts in both eyes while suffering from severe skin itching which began 2 months before the initial examination. His peroxidation test result was very high, and we postulate the retinal peroxidation might play a key role in cataractogenesis. Lens aspiration and intraocular artificial lens implantation were performed smoothly with restoration of visual acuity in both eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Basal concentration of Substance P (SP) and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in the blood serum of children with allergic dermatitis].

UNLABELLED: Substance P (SP) and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) neuropeptides play a role in the immediate and late type of hypersensitivity as well as in neurogenic inflammation. This suggests their participation in the etiology of allergic dermatitis. In the changed skin of patients with allergic dermatitis considerable increase of nervous endings was found containing SP and VIP. The aim of the study was the evaluation of SP and VIP concentration in blood serum of children with allergic dermatitis in the course of food allergy. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We determined by radioimmunological method on empty stomach concentration of SP and VIP in the blood serum in 19 children, aged between 6 and 24 months with allergic dermatitis of various intensity. In the 6 children with alimentary tract symptoms and deficiency of body mass we have done biopsy of the small intestine mucosa. RESULTS: Obtained medium values of SP and VIP were higher in the examined group in the comparison to the control group, but we did not find any statistical significance. However, in the group of children with co-existent malabsorption syndrome we found higher concentration of both neurohormones and we found statistical significance in the concentration of SP in comparison to children from the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Although SP and VIP are mainly secreted to the surrounding tissues and in a smaller degree endocrinally to the blood, increased level of these neurohormones in the blood serum in children with allergic dermatitis may confirm their contribution to the pathomechanism of this form of allergy.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2003

[Epicutaneous test with inhalers in the study of atopic dermatitis].

In some 80% of patients with atopic dermatitis, the presence of specific IgE is found when facing food or environmental allergens. It has also been demonstrated in a sub-group of patients with atopic dermatitis that the dermatitis lesions are exacerbated following the ingestion or inhalation of allergens, and that they improve with reduction of exposure to allergens. Although the prick method and the determination of specific IgE in serum are highly sensitive techniques, epicutaneous tests, applying the allergen directly to the skin, might be the ideal diagnostic method since they reproduce the characteristic inflammatory response of the disease on the affected organ itself, the skin. However, there is great variability in the results obtained through epicutaneous tests with aeroallergens, basically due to methodological differences, which are reviewed in this paper. Finally, we present the results of carrying out epicutaneous tests with inhalant allergens on our patients with atopic dermatitis and controls, where some 27% of positive patches were obtained, basically with acari, and in those patients with more severe dermatitis, without there being complete concordance with the prick technique. For this reason, the epicutaneous test appears to be a method of allergological diagnosis that might be useful and complementary to the routine techniques of the prick method and the determination of specific IgE in serum, but it is in need of suitable standardization.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

[Skin tests with Pityrosporum ovale extract in atopic dermatitis].

The etiology of atopic dermatitis is multifactorial. Immediate-type sensitivity to the lipophilic yeast, Pityrosporum ovale, may be important, especially in a subgroup of patients with dermatitis predominantly in the head and neck region. 100 patients with atopic dermatitis were investigated by means of skin prick tests, including Pityrosporum ovale extract. Positive tests were found more often in atopic patients with "head and neck"-dermatitis, but the correlation between a positive prick test to Pityrosporum and the severity of atopic dermatitis, estimated by means of clinical criteria and total IgE, was even higher.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Comparative study on the effects of ointments of tinidazole, hydrocortisone and clobetasol on animal models for inflammatory dermatitis in mice.

To understand further the possible clinical effects of tinidazole ointment at relatively high concentration (2%) for atopic dermatitis (AD), we performed a comparative study with readily available topical corticosteroids, clobetasol propionate (0.005 or 0.05%) and hydrocorotisone butyrate (0.1%) (hereafter referred as clobetasol and hydrocortisone, respectively), on inflammatory dermatitis in mice. We also observed the effects of combined application of tinidazole with clobetasol (0.005%, one tenth of the clinical use) in comparison with tinidazole itself, clobetasol (0.05%) or hydrocortisone (0.1%) on the animal model. All ointments suppressed inflammatory dermatitis induced by trinitrochlorobenzen (TNCB) or oxazolone. The rank order of the potency to suppress the ear edema was clobetasol (0.05%), tinidazole (2%) with clobetasol (0.005%) > clobetasol (0.005%) > tinidazole (2%) in TNCB-induced dermatitis, and hydrocortisone (0.1%), clobetasol (0.05%) > tinidazole (2%), tinidazole with clobetasol (0.005%) > clobetasol (0.005%) in case of oxazolone-induced dermatitis. We confirmed that tinidazole (2%) suppresses immediate and late phase reactions in mice passively sensitized with anti-DNP IgE Mab. In addition, tinidazole (2%) was much more potent than hydrocortisone (0.1%) in suppressing the amount of scratching, presumably due to itching, in passively sensitized mice. These results indicate that the advantage of using ointments of tinidazole would be that it has stronger anti-itching effects than corticosteroids.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2003

Contact dermatitis in adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19 are exposed to a series of substances capable of causing contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVES: (1) To study the frequency and characteristics of allergic contact dermatitis in adolescents, (2) to characterize the group being studied, and (3) to verify the main sensitizing substances among this age group. METHODS: From 1996 to 2001, 1,027 patients with a suspicion of contact dermatitis were analyzed, and patients between 10 and 19 years of age were selected. These patients were submitted to contact tests. RESULTS: Among the 102 adolescents, 93 (91%) were female and 9 (9%) were male. The face was the area most affected by dermatosis. The contact tests were positive in 64 patients (56%), whereas in 45 (44%) they were negative. The main location of the contact dermatitis was the face (36%). The substances with higher frequencies of sensitization were nickel sulfate in 33 (31%) patients and tosylamide-formaldehyde resin in 13 (12%) patients. CONCLUSION: Contact dermatitis in adolescents was more frequent in white girls and on the face. The substances with greater frequency of sensitization were nickel sulfate and tosylamide-formaldehyde resin. These two substances are related to adolescent habits and behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of the prevalence of pastern dermatitis in German Coldblood horse breeds].

The prevalence of pastern dermatitis was investigated in 917 German Coldblood horses aged 2.5 to 26 years. Pastern dermatitis was prevalent in Black Forest Draught horses with 47.5% and in South German Draught horses with 58.5%. High prevalences were found in Mecklenburg (76.4%), Saxon-Thuringa (84.3%), Schleswig (86.0%), and Rhenisch German Coldblood (96.1%) horses. All four legs or both hind legs were affected most frequently. The most prevalent forms of pastern dermatitis were crusted and hyperkeratotic-hyperplastic. The occurrence of pastern dermatitis was dependent of age. The statistical analysis using a generalized linear model and a probit function showed the significant influence of the breed, age at examination, sex, position of the leg, interaction of breed by age at examination, and breed by position of the leg. So the analysis indicated that pastern dermatitis is a serious problem in all German Coldblood breeds investigated here.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Tacrolimus ointment in the treatment of eyelid dermatitis.

The safety and efficacy of tacrolimus ointment 0.1% (Protopic) in the treatment of atopic dermatitis of the eyelids were assessed in an open-label clinical trial of 21 patients with moderate to severe eyelid dermatitis. Of those 21 patients, 20 received study drug and were followed. Patients applied tacrolimus ointment 0.1% twice daily for 8 weeks and were followed for 2 additional weeks after the last day of treatment. Complete eye examinations were conducted throughout the study. Efficacy was assessed through the investigator's evaluation of the patients' individual signs and symptoms of eyelid dermatitis and the physician global assessment (PGA) of eyelid clinical response. Improvement in the investigator's evaluation of the signs and symptoms of eyelid dermatitis was observed during the study. A total of 80% of patients (16/20) experienced marked improvement or better in PGA at 8 weeks. Adverse events were limited to local burning and itching after the first few applications of study medication. Of the 20 patients, 12 reported burning (60%), and 5 reported itching (25%). There was no statistically significant increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) during the study compared with baseline. In addition, none of the patients developed cataracts or glaucoma during the study. In summary, tacrolimus ointment 0.1% may be a safe and effective treatment option for patients with moderate to severe eyelid dermatitis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

Pimecrolimus: new preparation. Me-too: too many risks, not beneficial enough in atopic dermatitis.

(1) Symptomatic treatment of atopic dermatitis is initially based on simple measures and moisturising creams. Topical corticosteroids are reserved for treatment of inflammatory exacerbations. (2) After topical tacrolimus, marketing authorisation has been granted in France for a second topical immunosuppressant, pimecrolimus, as a short-term symptomatic treatment for atopic dermatitis in children from the age of two years, and intermittently for long-term prevention of new exacerbations. (3) Short-term treatment with pimecrolimus has been tested in three trials in children with mild to moderate dermatitis (against the excipient), in one adult trial against the excipient, and in one dose-finding study in adults that included a group treated with topical corticosteroids. (4) Longer term treatment periods of 6 to 12 months have been tested in two trials versus excipient in children, and two adult trials, one versus moderately active topical corticosteroids. (5) These trials show that pimecrolimus works better than the excipient, but not nearly as well as moderately active topical corticosteroids. Pimecrolimus has not been compared with topical corticosteroids in children, the age group most vulnerable to atopic dermatitis. (6) The commonest adverse effects observed in clinical trials were local and included a burning sensation at the site of application and skin infections. Systemic adverse effects (mainly infections) were most marked in infants. Long-term risks, especially the risk of skin cancer, have not been assessed. (7) In practice, the reference treatment for exacerbations of atopic dermatitis is a topical corticosteroid; in children, it seems best to begin with a weak preparation. There is no reason to use pimecrolimus, which is less active than topical corticosteroids and whose potential long-term adverse effects, especially in children, are unknown.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2004

North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch-test results, 2001-2002 study period.

BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis is a significant cause of cutaneous disease affecting many individuals in the home and at the workplace. Patch testing is the most worthwhile diagnostic tool for the evaluation of patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: This study reports the results of patch testing from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2002, by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG). METHODS: Patients were tested with an extended screening series of 65 allergens. A standardized patch-testing technique was used. Data from these patients were recorded on a standardized computer entry form and analyzed. RESULTS: Sixty-five allergens were tested on 4,913 patients. The top 10 allergens remain the same in this study period as in the 1999-2000 study period: nickel sulfate (16.7%), neomycin (11.6%), Myroxilon pereirae (balsam of Peru) (11.6%), fragrance mix (10.4%), thimerosal (10.2%), sodium gold thiosulfate (10.2%), quaternium-15 (9.3%), formaldehyde (8.4%), bacitracin (7.9%), and cobalt chloride (7.4%). Of the 4,913 patients tested, 69% had at least one positive allergic patch-test reaction. Of all patients, 15.8% had occupation-related dermatitis; 15.4% were determined to have irritant contact dermatitis, and 11.1% of the 15.4% had a relevant reaction to an occupational irritant. Of all patients tested, 16.7% had a relevant reaction to an allergen not in the NACDG standard series, and 5.5% had a relevant reaction to an occupational allergen not in the standard series. CONCLUSION: Our findings once again reinforce the need for a more comprehensive group of diagnostic allergens than those found in the standard screening kits. The usefulness of patch testing is enhanced when a greater number of allergens are tested, especially nonstandard allergens occupationally encountered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Successful cyclosporine treatment for atopic dermatitis in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).

A juvenile (1 year old ) female rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) developed a chronic active skin condition characterized by pruritus, erythema, alopecia, scaling, exfoliation, and lichenification. Lesions were limited to the ventrum, specifically rostral mandible and neck, axilla and inguinal regions, distal extremities, and interdigital regions. Differential diagnoses included infection, dietary deficiency, metabolic abnormality, endocrinopathy, and immunological injury. Diagnostic tests included complete hemogram, serum chemistry, skin scrapes for ectoparasite detection, hair plucks for dermatophyte culture, and a serum-based hypersensitivity panel. All results were within normal limits. Dermal biopsies revealed lesions consistent with active allergic dermatitis, and a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis was made. Oral cyclosporine (5 mg/kg daily) rapidly eliminated clinical evidence of dermatitis. Histologically, lesions resolved after 12 months of treatment. Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition for which there are neither pathognomonic clinical or diagnostic features nor a single successful therapy. Basic criteria such as pruritus, lichenification, a chronic course, and history of allergies strongly support the diagnosis. One successful therapeutic agent is a macrolide calcineurin inhibitor, cyclosporine. It represents a safer class of immunomodulatory drugs than corticosteroids and provides targeted alteration of lymphocyte function. To our knowledge this case represents the first reported successful treatment of atopic dermatitis in a nonhuman primate utilizing cyclosporine.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

[Efficacy of specific immunotherapy in the treatment of children and youngsters suffering from atopic dermatitis. Part I. Evaluation of clinical score].

Despite undoubted progress in the field of allergology and clinical immunology we still lack an effective and secure therapeutic methods in many cases of atopic dermatitis. The aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy of specific immunotherapy performed for the time period of 3 years with Novo-Helisen Depot allergy vaccines in the group of 36 children and youngsters with atopic dermatitis, allergic to house dust mites (24 patients) and grass pollen allergens (12 patients). The control group consisted of 20 patients with atopic dermatitis and analogous IgE-mediated airborne allergy treated with conventional methods. Clinical evaluation of patients was performed before treatment and after 36 months of therapy and was based on severity and extensiveness of skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis index: W-AZS. Clinical efficacy of specific immunotherapy was significantly higher than efficacy of conventional methods (p < 0.001). It was concluded that in selected patients with atopic dermatitis with IgE-mediated airborne allergy this method of treatment could be a promising alternative.

Adolescent↗