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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Preferential expression of a plant cystatin at nematode feeding sites confers resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and Globodera pallida.

The expression patterns of three promoters preferentially active in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana have been investigated in transgenic potato plants in response to plant parasitic nematode infection. Promoter regions from the three genes, TUB-1, ARSK1 and RPL16A were linked to the GUS reporter gene and histochemical staining was used to localize expression in potato roots in response to infection with both the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida and the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. All three promoters directed GUS expression chiefly in root tissue and were strongly up-regulated in the galls induced by feeding M. incognita. Less activity was associated with the syncytial feeding cells of the cyst nematode, although the ARSK1 promoter was highly active in the syncytia of G. pallida infecting soil grown plants. Transgenic potato lines that expressed the cystatin OcIDeltaD86 under the control of the three promoters were evaluated for resistance against Globodera sp. in a field trial and against M. incognita in containment. Resistance to Globodera of 70 +/- 4% was achieved with the best line using the ARSK1 promoter with no associated yield penalty. The highest level of partial resistance achieved against M. incognita was 67 +/- 9% using the TUB-1 promoter. In both cases this was comparable to the level of resistance achieved using the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV35S) promoter. The results establish the potential for limiting transgene expression in crop plants whilst maintaining efficacy of the nematode defence.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Identification of Fetuin-B as a member of a cystatin-like gene family on mouse chromosome 16 with tumor suppressor activity.

Studies of mouse models for multistage carcinogenesis have led to the identification of a susceptibility locus for skin tumor development (Skts9) in the proximal region of mouse chromosome 16. This chromosome region shows a loss of heterozygosity or an allelic imbalance in mouse skin and pancreatic islet carcinoma, and has been associated with angiogenesis. The microsatellite marker D16Mit2, which has the strongest linkage to skin tumor susceptibility, was used to screen a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library, leading to the identification of the histidine-rich glycoprotein (Hrg) and Fetuin-B as the most tightly linked genes. These genes are members of a cystatin-like superfamily that includes the neighboring genes Kng and Ahsg/Fetuin. Overexpression of Fetuin-B in skin squamous carcinoma cells led to suppression of tumor growth in nude mice. The neighboring genes Kng and Ahsg also have potential roles in angiogenesis and (or) tumor development, and several genes in this locus may be candidates for the Skts9 gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Serum cystatin C levels to predict serum concentration of digoxin in Japanese patients.

Cystatin C (Cys-C) has been recently paid great attention as a better endogenous marker of the glomerular filtration rate than creatinine (Cr). In this study, the usefulness of Cys-C was compared with Cr in terms of the estimation of the steady-state serum trough concentrations of digoxin in Japanese patients. Forty patients treated with digoxin and 56 healthy elderly subjects were participated in this study. The serum levels of Cys-C and Cr in the patients were higher than those in the healthy elderly subjects, but the increase of Cys-C was more predominant in the patients. Their levels were well-correlated for both of the healthy elderly subjects (r=0.691) and patients (r=0.774), but the serum concentrations of digoxin were better correlated with those of the reciprocal values of Cr (r=0.667) than those of Cys-C (r=0.383), presumably due to the fact that digoxin and Cr were excreted via both glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Cys-C is useful for the substratification of the patients diagnosed to have normal renal function with Cr of < 1.3 mg/dL into those with normal and pseudo-normal renal function, resulting in the corresponding serum concentrations of digoxin.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

[Cystatins].

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Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Commentary: clinical diagnostic use of cystatin C.

Clinicians recognize and compensate for limitations in estimating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using serum creatinine (sCr) measurements by the use of timed collections and mathematical manipulations of sCr. These limitations stem from that fact that sCr is affected by nonrenal influences, including muscle mass and disease state. In addition, sCr may not be sensitive enough to detect minimal declines in GFR in those patient populations in which it is important to recognize early decline. This brief review describes the limitations of sCr, and examines the contribution that sCysC may be able to make in the early recognition of declining renal function. The physiology of CysC is presented, as are the results of clinical investigations that suggest sCysC is in many instances superior to sCr in the recognition of early decline in renal function. Certain exceptions to this are noted.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1998

Analysis of tear proteins by one- and two-dimensional thin-layer iosoelectric focusing, sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and lectin blotting. Detection of a new component: cystatin C.

BACKGROUND: Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of tear proteins has not yet been carried out in a satisfactory way. Two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis, especially in the combination of IEF with SDS, is able to differentiate between proteins in detail. The purpose of this study was therefore to analyze tear proteins by 1D IEF alone and in combination with a 2D pattern, and by IEF followed by lectin staining. METHODS: Ampholines, covering a broad range from pH 3 to pH 10, were applied. After IEF, semi-dry blotting and incubation with a group II lectin and two group V lectins was performed. RESULTS: Tear proteins could be separated into 31 single bands. Tear-specific pre-albumin (TSPA), lactoferrin, sIgA, IgG and lysozyme were found to be main components. Isoelectric points (IEPs, pls) of all proteins separated were determined by comparison with IEF standards. 2D patterns of IEF and SDS electrophoresis were obtained for the main subunit components of lactoferrin, sIgA, TSPA, and lysozyme. An additional new component of considerable concentration was focused at pI 8.6 with a subunit MW of 14 kDa. With s-WGA a component at an IEP of 5.2 was visualized, representing transferrin. With SNA, lactoferrin stained as a sharp main band at pI 5.1 with three additional weaker bands at IEPs from 4.8 to 4.9. At IEPs between 4.4 and 6.1, multiple components of sIgA were stained with MAA. The sugar specificity of transferrin at pI 5.2 was beta-GlcNAc. Lactoferrin showed glycation with NANA-alpha-2-6-Gal or NANA-alpha-2-6-GalNAc, whereas the sugar specificity of sIgA was NANA-alpha-2-3-Gal. CONCLUSIONS: The investigative strategy applied here, including IEF alone, in combination with SDS-electrophoresis, and SDS-electrophoresis followed by lectin staining proved to be a reproducible method for tear protein analysis of hitherto unexperienced capacity. Lectin-stained bands of native tear proteins are not uniformly glycated by one sugar residue, but show various sugar specificities. IgA as a whole molecule is specifically glycated with NANA-alpha-2-3-Gal.

Adolescent↗