Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Cachexia”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Oxidation and metabolic interconversion in malignant cachexia.

Some patients with progressive malignant disease have an increase in basal metabolic expenditure as well as total caloric expenditure, but the findings are neither striking nor consistent. Studies of specific metabolic changes in such patients have shown the following. (a) The predominant substrate for energy in these subjects is fatty acid, as in normal humans. Comparative studies show, however, that greater proportions of the oxidative metabolism in patients with cancer are from fatty acids, particularly when exogenous glucose is available. While the free fatty acid levels in plasma decrease appropriately with glucose administration, current evidence suggests that the levels of free fatty acids themselves may not necessarily be directly related to the various disposal mechanisms. (b) Increased glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are present after overnight fasting in the patients with malignant disease, but these processes, which depend on liver metabolism, are appropriately suppressed with exogenous glucose. (c) Evidence is presented that leucine, an amino acid representative of branched-chain amino acids, is not under normal metabolic control in these subjects. For example, semistarvation does not result in diminished levels of branched-chain amino acids as it does in other patients. Also, glucose does not have its ordinary suppressive effect on branched-chain amino acid levels. Leucine turnover is increased in these patients as is the percentage of leucine flux which is oxidized. Limited data support the oxidation of this amino acid. All these data suggest that the peripheral effects of insulin and glucose may not be normally mediated in these subjects. They also suggest that amino acid metabolism and consequently protein metabolism may be unaffected by normal control factors in malignant disease.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1995

Supportive nutrition to prevent cachexia and improve quality of life.

Nutritional care of cancer patients should always be considered supportive, whether the oncologic aim is cure or palliation. The goals of nutritional care are to support nutritional status, body composition, functional status, and quality of life. Proactive nutritional assessment and early intervention are the cornerstones of success. Failure to address nutrition is associated with longer hospital stays, increased risk of complication and death, and higher health care costs. Supportive nutritional intervention mandates standardized, cost-efficient assessment and aggressive symptom management. The latter includes nutrition-impact symptoms along the entire gastrointestinal tract, sensory changes, psychologic distress, pain, and anorexia. Components of pharmacologic and behavioral intervention are discussed in the context of supportive nutrition of the patient with cancer.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1977

Synthesis rates of albumin and fibrinogen in patients with cardiac and pulmonary cachexia.

In five patients with chronic congestive heart failure or pulmonary insufficiency and otherwise unexplained weight loss synthesis rates of albumin and fibrinogen were studied with the 14C carbonate method described by Mc Farlane and Reeve. The following results were obtained. 1. Albumin synthesis rate was normal in 4 out of five patients. In one patient with proteinuria and low serum albumin it was markedly increased. 2. Fibrinogen synthesis rate was normal in three out of five patients. In two patients who had active inflammation just before or during the study it was increased. The results suggest, that in chronic congestive heart failure or pulmonary insufficiency the liver is able to maintain normal or even increased protein synthesis rates.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Proinflammatory cytokines, nutritional support, and the cachexia syndrome: interactions and therapeutic options.

BACKGROUND: Protein calorie malnutrition remains endemic in hospitalized patients with both acute and chronic inflammation secondary to either cancer, chronic infectious processes, surgical injury, trauma, or burns. For the patients who cannot support themselves by enteral feeding, total parenteral nutrition remains an essential tool to minimize nitrogen losses and replete the depleted patient. However, in patients with active inflammation, nitrogen retention and lean tissue accretion are often impaired during total parenteral nutrition. Production of humoral factors, including proinflammatory cytokines, regulates many of the anabolic and catabolic processes that accompany inflammation. METHODS: The investigators' experience with total parenteral nutrition and proinflammatory cytokines is reviewed. RESULTS: Cytokines such as interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and, in particular, interleukin-6 appear to play central roles in both the loss of skeletal muscle protein and the initiation of the acute phase response to inflammation, as well as in modulating the utilization of exogenously administered nutrients. CONCLUSIONS: Although innovative second- and third-generation nutritional formulations for the acutely ill patient may represent one approach for improving the effectiveness of total parenteral nutrition, understanding the humoral response to inflammation and modifying cytokine actions pharmacologically may prove equally effective in improving the utility of exogenously administered nutrients. Future studies need to determine whether the effectiveness of exogenously administered nutrients in the patient with inflammation can be improved by efforts to modulate the proinflammatory cytokine response through cytokine inhibitors or antagonists.

Animals↗