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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

A novel root-specific gene, MIC-3, with increased expression in nematode-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) after root-knot nematode infection.

A full-length cDNA, MIC-3, has been identified from a lambda ZAPII cDNA library constructed from the mRNA of nematode-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) roots after infection with root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). The putative open reading frame of MIC-3 encoded a protein of 141 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 15.3 kDa. Seven alternative polyadenylation sites have been identified for the MIC-3 transcripts, and the major transcripts are the longest ones. The MIC-3 gene contains a single intron within its coding region and belongs to a novel, multi-gene family containing up to six members. Expression of MIC-3 is root localized and specifically enhanced in the nematode induced, immature galls of resistant cotton line M-249, suggesting that MIC-3 may play a critical role in the resistance response to root-knot nematode.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed1998

Specific expression of an expansin gene during elongation of cotton fibres.

A differential screening experiment resulted in the isolation of a full-length cDNA clone encoding an expansin from cotton fibres. Nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence data showed that pGhEX1 encodes an expansin of 258 amino acids, with an N-terminal signal peptide. Northern blot analysis showed that the corresponding transcript is abundant in cotton fibre cells but absent in all other tissues tested, and that the gene is developmentally regulated during fibre elongation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Cellulase finishing of woven, cotton fabrics in jet and winch machines.

Some authors have reported that as the applied agitation rate increases, the apparent activity of the endoglucanases from Trichoderma reesei towards cotton cellulose increases more markedly than does the apparent activity of the cellobiohydrolases. This suggests that the quality of cellulase finishing effects on cellulosic textiles may be machine-type dependent. The present work using total crude, endoglucanase-rich and cellobiohydrolase-rich cellulases from T. reesei confirmed that the final properties of woven, cotton fabrics treated under realistic processing conditions in a jet machine, were measurably and perceivably different from those of the same fabrics, treated using the same processing conditions of temperature, time, pH, enzyme concentration and fabric to liquor ratio, but in a winch machine. The results are interpreted in terms of the effects of agitation rate on the adsorption-desorption behaviour of the T. reesei endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolases.

Cellulase↗
PubMed2000

Effects of mild night chilling on respiration of expanding cotton leaves.

Utilizing expanding leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Coker 312), the hypothesis that suboptimal night temperatures above those for putative phase transitions of mitochondrial lipids caused greater substrate control of night respiration and increased the control that respiration exerted on ATP-dependent metabolism was tested. Night respiratory CO(2) evolution rates for 5-7-day-old leaves growing at 30/19 degrees (day/night) nearly equaled those of leaves exposed to 28 degrees C nights, while leaves exposed to 15 degrees C nights had rates that were 42% of those at 28 degrees C. No restriction of respiration by carbohydrate supply was detected for leaves grown at either cool night temperature or when warm-grown plants were transferred to cool night conditions. Pyruvate utilization was more sensitive to mild chilling than glycolysis. Growth at 30/19 or 30/15 degrees C resulted in higher nocturnal ATP:ADP and energy charge for expanding leaves than growth at 30/28 degrees C, suggesting a lessening of respiratory control of ATP-dependent metabolism with long-term night chilling. However, cool night exposure resulted in reductions in total phosphorylated adenylates, and the low ATP content, most notably occurring during 15 degrees C nights, may have restricted some metabolic activity. The cause of these low ATP levels and their possible effects on cotton metabolism during chilling remain to be elucidated.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

The cotton swab technic for the culture of dermatophyte infections--its efficacy and merit.

A set of three comparison studies under varying conditions was performed to determine the efficacy of a cotton swab technic for obtaining material for culture of dermatophyte infections. Matched fungal cultures, one by swab and one by scrape, on each of 110 subjects showed that there was no difference in the two methods. The merits of this culture technic are explored and the conclusion is drawn that the cotton swab is an efficient and reliable adjunct to the practice of dermatology.

Arthrodermataceae↗
PubMed2001

Vaccination with recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara protects against measles virus infection in the mouse and cotton rat model.

Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) has been used as an experimental vaccine vector against respiratory infections. We have tested the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant virus expressing the hemagglutinin of measles virus (MVA-MV-H) using the mouse model of measles virus induced encephalitis and the cotton rat model for respiratory infection. MVA-MV-H proved to induce a TH1 response, neutralizing antibodies and conferred protection against both encephalitis and lung infection. The cotton rat is very sensitive to infection with replication competent vaccinia virus. In these animals MVA-MV-H proved to be a very well tolerated vaccine. However, the efficiency in the presence of MV specific maternal antibodies was low (even using a prime-boost strategy) and therefore might have to be improved.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) as an experimental host for the bovine liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica).

The results of a study testing the susceptibility of the hispid cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus, to infection with Fasciola hepatica are described. Ten cotton rats were placed into one of four test groups, one uninfected control or three animals each receiving two, five, or 10 F. hepatica metacercariae. Three of nine (33%) became infected, and two of these animals carried the infection to patency. At necropsy one animal had two mature F. hepatica within the common bile duct, and the other harbored a single fluke. Gross and microscopic changes, primarily of the liver, associated with infection are described, as are fecal egg counts throughout the duration of infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

"Cotton fever" in narcotic addicts.

Two patients presented to the emergency department with acute onset of fever and myalgia after injecting heroin reclaimed from previously used cotton filters. Their histories and clinical courses are illustrative of the symptom complex known to drug users as "cotton fever." Although the causative mechanisms are unknown, the syndrome does appear to have a benign, self-limiting course.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

QTL mapping for plant architecture traits in upland cotton using RILs and SSR markers.

Xiangzamian 2 (XZM2) is the most widely cultivated cotton hybrid in China. By crossing two parents Zhongmiansuo12 and 8891 and upon subsequent selfings, we got F8 and F9 populations having 180 recombinant inbred lines. Ten plant architecture traits were investigated in two years with this population. A genetic map was constructed mainly with SSR markers. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) conditioning plant architecture traits were determined at the single-locus and double-locus levels. The results showed that epistastic effects as well as additive effects of QTL played an important role as the genetic basis of cotton plant architecture. The QTL detected in our research might provide new information on improving plant architecture traits. The polymorphism of molecular markers between ZMS12 and 8891 were quite limited, while significant differences between their phenotypes were found and the hybrid XZM2 expressed high heterosis in yield. All these could be partly explained by the effect of epistatic QTL.

Breeding↗
PubMed2001

Hemoglobin-stimulated growth and antioxidant activities in cultured cotton cells.

Changes in cellular reactive oxygen scavenging enzymes were assessed in suspension-derived cells of cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) cv. Dhumad following culture with a commercial bovine hemoglobin (Hb) solution (Erythrogen) at 1:100-1:1000 (v:v). Mean (+/- SEM) fresh (f.wt.) and dry weights (d.wt.) of cells after 25 d of culture were significantly (p <.05) greater in medium supplemented with 1:750 and 1:1000 (v:v) Erythrogen, compared to controls lacking Erythrogen. For example, with 1:750 (v:v) Erythrogen, mean cell f.wt. and d.wt. were increased by 45 and 31%, respectively. Total soluble cellular protein increased by 141, 176, and 191% with Erythrogen at 1:50, 1:750, and 1:1000 (v:v), respectively. Cellular catalase and glutathione reductase activities decreased significantly (p <.05) following addition of low concentrations (1:1000 and 1:750 v:v) of Erythrogen to culture medium. However, increasing the concentration of Erythrogen to a maximum of 1:100 (v:v), caused a concomitant increase in catalase to a maximum of 62% over control. Mean total superoxide dismutase activity increased linearly with increasing Erythrogen concentration, reaching a maximum mean value over 2-fold greater than control with 1:100 (v:v) Erythrogen. A similar trend was observed in cellular H2O2 content, which reached a maximum of 98% over control with 1:250 (v:v) Erythrogen. These results demonstrate that culture of cotton cells with Hb solution causes changes in cellular oxygenation sufficient to modify cellular antioxidant status.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Salinity tolerance and antioxidant status in cotton cultures.

This investigation focuses upon cell growth and antioxidant status in cultured cells of cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) cvs. Dhumad (salt-tolerant, TOL), H-14 (medium salt-tolerant, MED), and RAhs-2 (salt-sensitive, SEN) exposed to saline stress (50-200 mM NaCl). Mean (+/- SEM) callus fresh weight (f.wt.) and dry weight (d.wt.) gains were significantly (p <.05) greater on Murashige and Skoog (MS) [1]-based medium with 50 mM NaCl for the TOL cv. (62% and 16%, respectively) over NaCl-free controls (2020 +/- 45 and 166 +/- 4 mg, respectively); comparable differences were not observed for the MED cv. A significant (p <.05) decrease in mean f.wt. occurred with the SEN cv. exposed to 50 mM NaCl. For all cvs., there were (p <.05) reductions in mean f.wts. in medium with >or=100 mM NaCl. At 200 mM NaCl, mean f.wt. decreases were 52% (TOL), 89% (MED), and 91% (SEN), respectively. A strong correlation existed between antioxidant status and growth of cells with NaCl. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities increased with increasing salinity in the TOL cv. to maximum values of 26.3 +/- 1.1 U mg(-1) protein and 1.05 +/- 0.01 AB(340 nm) min(-1) mg(-1) protein, respectively, at 150 mM NaCl; for the MED and SEN cvs., there were no changes in activities of these enzymes between control and salt treatments. Catalase activity decreased progressively with increasing salt concentration in all cvs. except for SEN with 100 mM NaCl, where mean catalase activity (1.75 +/- 0.04 AB(240 nm) min(-1) mg(-1) protein) was greater (p <.05) than control (1.13 +/- 0.08). Overall, cultured cotton cells provide an experimental system for investigating the role of antioxidants in salt tolerance at the cellular level.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2001

Study of composting of cotton residues.

A study on the composting of residues of cotton gin previously crushed or uncrushed is presented in this work. A multifactor analysis of correlation for each one of the treatments revealed that the final results obtained during the composting process of cotton residuals were very different according to whether the residues were crushed or uncrushed. Generally, the highest final values of macronutrients and micronutrients obtained were found when the composting process was carried out with the crushed residuals.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of a self-prepared cotton thread test (SP-CTT) and the Phenol Red Thread (PRT) test.

Two cotton thread tests (a self-prepared cotton thread test (SP-CTT) and the Phenol Red Thread (PRT) test) were performed on 46 dry eye and 37 normal Hong Kong (HK)-Chinese, all subjects being diagnosed by ophthalmologists in a private clinic. The mean SP-CTT value for the dry eye subjects (mean +/- SD: 6.2 +/- 4.2 mm/15s) was significantly lower than that of the normal subjects (8.3 +/- 4.3 mm/15s). However, no significant difference in the mean PRT value was found between the two groups (dry eye subjects: 10.7 +/- 4.5 mm/15s; normal subjects; 11.4 +/- 4.5 mm/15s). The specificity and sensitivity of the SP-CTT were 78.4% and 45.7 when a cut-off value of < or = 4 mm was used, and 56.8% and 65.2% when the cut-off value was changed to < or = 6.5 mm. Our results showed that the specificities and sensitivities of both tests were poor when applied to these dry eye patients.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Embryogenesis in Litomosoides carinii from pyridoxine deficient cotton rats.

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency was induced in cotton rats which were then infected with the filarial parasite Litomosoides carinii. Embryogenesis was assessed microscopically in worms taken from pyridoxine deficient cotton rats and from various categories of control animals. Embryogenesis was retarded in worms from pyridoxine deficient hosts and more abnormal embryos were present in such worms than in those from control animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Wax plugs and cotton buds.

Three hundred and ten patients were examined by otoscopy. Age, sex, social class and use of cotton buds for aural toilet were recorded. The incidence of visually occlusive wax plugs in the external auditory canals was not significantly different between users and non-users of cotton buds, either in children or in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Activities of glycogen phosphorylase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in adult worms of Litomosoides carinii recovered from pyridoxine deficient cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus).

This paper demonstrates that the activities of glycogen phosphorylase (GP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are reduced in adult worms of the filarial nematode Litomosoides carinii recovered from pyridoxine-deficient cotton rats when compared to worms recovered from pyridoxine-sufficient controls. GP, ALT and AST activities were determined in adult worms L. carinii recovered from cotton rat hosts over a 20-week experimental period. Activities of GP, ALT and AST in the parasite showed a direct correlation with the dietary pyridoxine intake of their host. Throughout the experiment, enzyme activities were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in worms from rats fed a pyridoxine-free diet ad libitum that in worms from rats fed either a stock colony diet, a pyridoxine-free diet ad libitum with daily supplementation of 100 micrograms pyridoxine or limited amounts of pyridoxine-free diet with daily supplementation of 100 micrograms pyridoxine. The lower than normal activity of GP, ALT, AST and other enzymes dependent on the biologically active derivative of pyridoxine, the coenzyme pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP), interferes with the protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of L. carinii and may in part cause the reduced establishment, development and growth of the parasite in pyridoxine-deficient hosts.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2001

Recovery of sodium sulfate from farm drainage salt for use in reactive dyeing of cotton.

Agricultural drainage salt generated during irrigation of crops in San Joaquin Valley, California, exceeds 600,000 tons annually and cumulates in the field at a rapid rate. As a result, the waste is occupying more farmland for salt storage and disposal, thus causing serious concern to the environment and the local agricultural industry. In searching for a potential solution to reduce or eliminate the waste, the research describe herein explored the feasibility of producing a value-added product, sodium sulfate, from the waste and utilizing the product in textile dyeing. The results indicated that sodium sulfate could be produced from the salt and could be purified by a recrystalization method in a temperature range within the highest and lowest daily temperatures during summer in the valley. The recovered sodium sulfate samples, with purities ranging from 67 to 99.91%, were compared with commercially available sodium sulfate used in reactive dyeing of cotton fabrics. The salt samples recovered from Mendota, California (>98.8% sodium sulfate), cause little color difference in the dyeing with selected reactive dyes. The purified salt (III) (99.91% sodium sulfate) is more applicable for reactive dyeing of cotton fabrics since it has no deleterious effect. The recovered sodium sulfate from certain areas in the valley could not be employed in reactive dyeing due to the high level of impurities present.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2000

Multiresidue analysis of cotton defoliant, herbicide, and insecticide residues in water by solid-phase extraction and GC-NPD, GC-MS, and HPLC-diode array detection.

A multiresidue procedure was developed for analysis of cotton pesticide and harvest-aid chemicals in water using solid-phase extraction and analysis by GC-NPD, GC-MS, and HPLC-DAD. Target compounds included the defoliants tribufos, dimethipin, thidiazuron; the herbicide diuron; and the insecticide methyl parathion. Three solid-phase extraction (SPE) media, octadecylsilyl (ODS), graphitized carbon black (GCB), and a divinylbenzene-N-vinyl pyrollidine copolymer (DVBVP), were evaluated. On GCB and ODS, recoveries varied depending on compound type. Recoveries were quantitative for all compounds on DVBVP, ranging from 87 to 115% in spiked deionized water and surface runoff. The method detection limit was less than 0.1 microg L(-)(1). SPE with DVBVP was applied to post-defoliation samples of surface runoff and tile drainage from a cotton research plot and surface runoff from a commercial field. The research plot was defoliated with a tank mixture of dimethipin and thidiazuron, and the commercial field, with tribufos. Dimethipin was detected (1.9-9.6 microg L(-)(1)) in all research plot samples. In the commercial field samples, tribufos concentration ranged from 0.1 to 135 microg L(-)(1). An exponentially decreasing concentration trend was observed with each successive storm event.

Chromatography, Gas↗