SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Repair of large skull defects is indicated as well to improve cosmetic as to protect the brain. A simply and easy to use procedure for exact duplication of cranial bone flaps used in cranioplasty is described. The original bone flap must be available to produce the definitive prosthesis.
BACKGROUND: Orbital implants are used to prevent post-enucleation-syndromes and to improve prosthesis motility. PATIENTS AND METHOD: 20 patients without and 32 patients with orbital implants were examined 6 to 14 years after enucleation. Maximum prosthesis motility in 4 directions, width of the palpebral fissure and vertical difference of the eye axis were measured using Kestenbaum glasses. The apex of the prosthesis was measured with a Hertel exophthalmometer. The post-enucleation-syndrome was assessed by a 4 point scale by the investigators. RESULTS: Post-enucleation-syndromes are significantly (p < 0.01) less pronounced in patients with orbital implants, also prosthesis motility is significantly (p < 0.05) larger. The width of the palpebral fissure and the vertical difference of the eye axis is not significantly (p > 0.05) altered. CONCLUSION: Primary orbital implants allow for prevention of a post-enucleation-syndrome and a better functional and cosmetic outcome.
From 1980-1983 the funnel chest of 29 patients (age range 6-40 years) was surgically corrected using Ravitch's method. In 25 patients clinical and cosmetic follow-up investigations were possible. The psychological investigation consisted of standardised interviews with special questions concerning the problems that patients with funnel chest have to deal with. In 16 cases the result of the operation was good, in 7 cases satisfying, 2 patients had a poor result. The presence of a funnel chest did have a psychological impact on most of the patients, who were inhibited in their psychosocial activities. Surgical correction changed these restrictions in most of the patients in a positive way. We conclude that the psychosocial indication for surgical correction of the funnel chest is justified, since our results strongly support this indication.
Food, drug, and cosmetic dyes of the xanthane type (analogs of fluorescein) were applied to isolated molluscan ganglia and changes in the electrophysiological properties of identified neurons were monitored. The synthetic coloring agents increased the resting membrane potential and conductance of the neurons in a dose-dependent manner by increasing the potassium permeability of the membrane relative to that of other ions. The relative activity of these anionic dyes was highly correlated with their lipid solubility. The structure-activity study of the effects of the dyes on molluscan neurophysiology provides a basis for estimating the toxicity and brain uptake of the dyes in vertebrates, and predicting their effects on metabolism and blood clotting.
CONCLUSIONS: Following nasal septal surgery, minor aesthetic changes may occur in up to 39.5% of patients and major changes in up to 4.5%. As part of the informed consent procedure, the potential for cosmetic changes should be discussed with all patients undergoing nasal septal surgery. OBJECTIVES: To objectively measure aesthetic changes following nasal septal surgery using pre- and post-operative photographic documentation and to highlight issues surrounding informed consent for nasal septal surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population comprised 75 patients undergoing nasal septal surgery (septoplasty, submucous resection or revision nasal septal surgery). The main outcome measures were measurement of aesthetic changes (tip projection, supra-tip depression and columella retraction) using standardized pre- and post-operative photographic documentation examined by two independent observers. Patients' subjective perception of a change in shape of their nose was assessed using a visual analogue scale. The presence of any septal perforations was recorded at the follow-up visit (mean 15 months, range 8-13 months, standard deviation 4.2 months). RESULTS: The agreement between the two observers was very good when we considered a 1 mm difference as insignificant. Changes were arbitrarily defined as minor if < or =2 mm, and major, if > or =3 mm. With tip projection there was a minor change in 39.5% and major in 4.5% of patients. Supra-tip changes were minor in 6.7% and major in 1.3%. Minor columella changes occurred in 22% of patients, but there were no major changes. There was no statistically significant correlation between patients' subjective perception of changes in the shape of their nose with objectively measured changes. The septal perforation rate was 6.7%. Multivariate analyses (ANCOVA) showed no statistically significant influences of age, gender, grade of surgeon or type of nasal septal procedure.
We describe a simple cracking method for removing the zygomatic arch. The drilling line of the zygomatic arch is partially drilled from the back, and the surface is left undrilled. The zygomatic arch is cracked during its removal in order to secure its position for later fixation. Dead bone spaces can be avoided by this method and the zygomatic arch can be replaced in its original position. By adding this procedure to the standard technique, this cracking method is a simple, safe and useful way to achieve better cosmetic results.
We report the use of a twist drill method for placement of external ventricular drains and ventriculoperitoneal shunts. We have found this method to be efficient and safe, and provides an excellent cosmetic effect.
In the cosmetic tongue split operation, the anterior tongue blade is split along the midline of the tongue. The goal of this case study was to obtain preliminary data on speech and tongue motility in a participant who had performed this operation on himself. The participant underwent an articulation test and a tongue motility assessment, as well as an ultrasound examination. Tongue motility was mildly reduced as a result of tissue scarring. Speech was rated to be highly intelligible and acceptable by 4 raters, although 2 raters noticed slight distortions of the sibilants /s/ and /z/. The 3-dimensional ultrasound demonstrated that the synergy of the 2 sides of the tongue was preserved and that the patient compensated for the tongue split with increased medio-lateral compression of the two sides of the tongue. It is concluded that the tongue split procedure did not significantly affect the participant's speech intelligibility and tongue motility.
In the early international literature, up to now only very few cases are reported with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and a significant improvement of Cobb angle after conservative management. In the recent literature the possibility of an improvement of Cobb angle at skeletal maturity after brace treatment is mentioned no more. The application of physiotherapy and braces is widely rejected while the standards of conservative measures differ greatly worldwide. So it seems necessary more than ever to present the possibility of successful conservative measures nowadays. More detailed case reports with long-term follow-up using defined protocols are needed to provide appropriate standards for replication by others. The purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate the possibility of significant improvement of curvature angle and cosmesis after the application of long-term physiotherapy and brace treatment in a girl with a curve of more than 50 degrees where spontaneous resolving is not usual. A pre-menarchial girl (although being Risser 2) with a Cobb angle of 53 degrees was treated by exercises and curve-specific bracing for more than 3 years. Two years after the start of the weaning period, the Cobb angle was 36 degrees with a marked and stable cosmetic improvement at the age of 18 years. This case report shows that conservative treatment can improve both cosmesis and curvature in immature patients with AIS. The results of such treatment is appreciated by the patients because of the significant reduction of the truncal deformity as documented by surface topography.
BACKGROUND: Athletics-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have become a high-profile national problem with substantial morbidity. METHODS: To investigate an MRSA outbreak involving a college football team, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of all 100 players. A case was defined as MRSA cellulitis or skin abscess diagnosed during the period of 6 August (the start of football camp) through 1 October 2003. RESULTS: We identified 10 case patients (2 of whom were hospitalized). The 6 available wound isolates had indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns (MRSA strain USA300) and carried the Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin gene, as determined by polymerase chain reaction. On univariate analysis, infection was associated (P<.05) with player position (relative risk [RR], 17.5 and 11.7 for cornerbacks and wide receivers, respectively), abrasions from artificial grass (i.e., "turf burns"; RR, 7.2), and body shaving (RR, 6.1). Cornerbacks and wide receivers were a subpopulation with frequent direct person-to-person contact with each other during scrimmage play and drills. Three of 4 players with infection at a covered site (hip or thigh) had shaved the affected area, and these infections were also associated with sharing the whirlpool > or =2 times per week (RR, 12.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-109.2). Whirlpool water was disinfected with dilute povidone-iodine only and remained unchanged between uses. CONCLUSIONS: MRSA was likely spread predominantly during practice play, with skin breaks facilitating infection. Measures to minimize skin breaks among athletes should be considered, including prevention of turf burns and education regarding the risks of cosmetic body shaving. MRSA-contaminated pool water may have contributed to infections at covered sites, but small numbers limit the strength of this conclusion. Nevertheless, appropriate whirlpool disinfection methods should be promoted among athletic trainers.
BACKGROUND: This study examined the factors that motivate women to seek cosmetic breast augmentation surgery. METHODS: Twenty-five breast augmentation surgery candidates completed measures of body image dissatisfaction, sociocultural influences on physical appearance, marital and sexual satisfaction, and self-report questionnaires that assessed other motivations for surgery. Thirty physically similar women who were not interested in breast augmentation also completed the measures. RESULTS: Replicating previous studies, breast augmentation candidates, compared with controls, reported greater dissatisfaction with their breasts. The two groups, however, did not differ on overall body image dissatisfaction or greater awareness or internalization of sociocultural influences on physical appearance. Breast augmentation patients reported more positive sexual functioning compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, breast augmentation patients appeared to be motivated by their feelings about their breasts rather than direct or indirect influence from external sources, such as romantic partners or sociocultural representations of beauty. These findings provide new information on the motivations behind breast augmentation and dispute several stereotypes about the factors that influence the pursuit of this surgery.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most common laparoscopic operation in the world and is accepted as the standard procedure for cholecystectomy. Although use of miniendoscope in diagnosis of gynecological disease has been performed for decades, using a 2-mm mini-laparoscope for cholecystectomy is new. From November 1996 to January 1997, 14 patients (6 men, 8 women; mean age 47 years) with gallbladder stone disease were treated by mini-laparoscopic cholecystectomy at National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. The entire procedure was done through four ports (an 11-mm subumbilical working port, a 2-mm subxiphoid video port, one 2-mm mid-clavicular retraction port, and one anterior axillary retraction port). The operative time for these patients ranged from 30 to 150 min, with an average time of 79.29 min. Suturing was not necessary for the three 2-mm wounds. The estimated blood loss was minimal, and no intraoperative transfusions were required. All patients were able to tolerate feeding within 8 h. The average postoperative hospital stay was 1.57 days. Neither complications nor operation-related mortality were seen. In conclusion, mini-laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a feasible and safe procedure with nearly scarless wounds with a much better cosmetic effect, especially for young female patients.
The alternative approach to the cosmetic problem of mild or partially corrected pectus excavatum is presented. A case report with a discussion of the use of silicone in this problem is undertaken. An extremely simple method of implant casting is demonstrated.
A case of transient total blindness during a cosmetic blepharoplasty is presented and the factors that might have contributed to produce this complication are emphasized. A brief review of the literature is given, followed by the current thought regarding diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of this catastrophic complication.
Selecting appropriate patients for facial cosmetic surgery can reduce patient management problems as well as increase the number of patients satisfied with their treatment and with the aesthetic result. In addition to medical considerations, the psychological make-up of a particular patient should play an important role in the decision to operate. Research with 55 patients undergoing aesthetic regenerative facial surgery has produced data which indicate particular personality characteristics to consider in the selection process. These four characteristics--self-evaluation of attractiveness, anxiety, fear, and expectation--are represented by the acronym SAFE; they are presented in this article along with the techniques for a surgeon to use when evaluating a patient for each characteristic. This method aids in selecting SAFE patients for surgery.
An effective and practical method of oxygen administration during cosmetic facial surgery under local anesthesia is described. A large volume of oxygen is delivered directly to the nasopharynx, and partial upper airway obstruction caused by the tongue falling into the pharynx is resolved, yet the apparatus does not interfere with execution of the operation.
The congenital facial melanocytic lesion Ota's nevus is reviewed, and an effective cosmetic treatment--sequential dry ice application and epidermal peeling combined with argon laser--is discussed. It is emphasized that Ota's nevus is not simply a dermal lesion and that patients should receive careful ophthalmological follow-up.
The mean age of Americans is increasing, and more and more Americans are living longer and more productively. It follows, therefore, that an increasing number of elderly patients will be seen by the cosmetic surgeon. These patients are often in the surgeon's office to negate or erase the physical effects of old age, which serve as social cues expressing inadequacy and inability. The plastic surgeon can "turn back the clock" as it relates to physical appearance for these patients; however, not every patient seen by the surgeon is an ideal candidate for surgery. Normally, the surgeon is used to dealing with the physical possibilities of surgical procedures and how they relate to surgical results, but what about the mental health of the elderly patient? In this article we seek to help the plastic surgeon identify the elderly patient who poses potential problems in the preoperative and postoperative periods because of inadequate or unstable mental health.