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Results for “CORONARY DISEASE”

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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Correlations between effort tolerance and the severity of coronary disease. Influence of myocardial lesions].

The influence of coronary and myocardial lesions, defining the severity of the coronary artery disease on effort tolerance was studied in 51 patients. The appearances of the coronary arteriography and ventriculography were compared with the parameters of exercise tolerance: electrocardiographic changes, maximal charge (Cw), total work (TW), maximal systolic arterial pressure (SAP), maximal heart rate, percentage of the theoretical maximal heart rate, double product, exercise capacity index (CEI). The results showed that exercise tolerance (Cw, TW, ECI) and the exercise SAP are mainly affected by the myocardial lesions: patients with very reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and double or triple artery disease have very low indices: average Cw of 60 watts, TW less than 20,000 joules, ECI approximately 50. The SAP only rises slightly. On the other hand, patients with normal or subnormal ejection fractions have much higher indices whatever the state of their coronary arteries; Cw over 80 watts, TW over 30,000 joules, ECI over 80. In addition, major left ventricular dysfunction is associated with ST segment elevation during exercise.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of personality traits of female patients hospitalized with coronary disease upon their susceptibility to iatrogenic psychical trauma].

The analysed problem dealt with personality determinants of susceptibility to iatrogenic psychical trauma. A group of 35 female patients with coronary disease and another group consisting of 35 healthy women were tested with C.D. Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Z. Bizoń's Questionnaire of Neurotic Symptoms, J.B. Rotter's I-E Scale, and the author's own method for the determination of susceptibility to iatrogenic psychical trauma. In comparison with healthy women, the patients displayed significantly higher level of anxiety both as a state and as a trait, lower level of psychical endurance, more external sense of control and higher susceptibility to iatrogenic trauma. More over, the patients with lower psychical endurance and external sense of control displayed high susceptibility to iatrogenic psychical trauma.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Immunologic shifts at different stages of coronary disease].

Immunologic shifts and indices of nonspecific reactivity were examined in 261 coronary heart disease patients (40 patients with angina pectoris, 137 with acute myocardial infarction and 124 patients with postinfarctional cardiosclerosis). Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to the infarctional antigen affecting the prognosis and the clinical course of the disease were determined in the acute, subacute and long-term periods of coronary pathology. Autoimmune reactions to the myocardial innate antigen can be detected at all stages of coronary heart disease. Myocardial infarction is also characterized by dysfunctions of individual links of nonspecific reactivity.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed2001

Clustering of traditional risk factors and precocity of coronary disease in women.

BACKGROUND: Women usually develop coronary artery disease (CAD) 10 years later than men do. CAD in women is associated with menopausal status and the number and intensity of risk factors. But, when the age gap between men and women narrows, less is known about the influence of risk factors on CAD. METHODS: We assessed the prevalence of traditional risk factors in 850 men and 468 women with stable CAD who had mean age, 58.3+/-8.6 and 58.8+/-10.3 years (P=NS), respectively. RESULTS: Univariate analysis of risk factors showed that body mass index (BMI), hypertension (all three stages), diabetes, triglycerides (> or =2.8 mmol/l), cholesterol (> or =6.2 mmol/l) and family history were more prevalent in women. Smoking and previous myocardial infarction (MI) were more prevalent in men. Multivariable analysis disclosed hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and family history as independent risk factors for women with stable CAD and smoking and previous MI as independent risk factors for men. CONCLUSION: Clustering of traditional risk factors may explain the precocity of CAD in women who are near in age to men.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Coronary disease: are there gender differences?

Prevalence rates from hypertensive heart disease are higher for women, while men have higher prevalence rates for coronary heart disease. Female gender is associated with increased mortality after acute MI. Females have also been shown to respond differently to men to a host of approaches to CHD. Both surgical and pharmacological interventions appear to be less effective in females than in males. Answers are still needed, but they have not been forthcoming because, in general, inadequate numbers of females were included in most applicable clinical trials. It may be that males are over-treated rather than that females are under-treated. It is incorrect to extrapolate findings in men to women, given the differences. Studies are needed to determine what intervention strategies in the primary prevention and treatment of coronary disease should be used for women and the elderly.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of isosorbide dinitrate (sorbonit) on the exercise reaction in patients with coronary disease and in healthy individuals].

The study aimed at evaluating an effect of a single dose of isosorbide dinitrate (Sorbonit) on the exercise reaction in the patients with coronary disease of various degree and in healthy individuals. The study involved 20 male patients of mean age 54.0 +/- 4.5 years with history of myocardial infarction and 12 healthy males of mean age 45.6 +/- 5.0 years. Ergometric test has been performed twice: prior to and 15 minutes after sublingual administration of isosorbide dinitrate in the dose of 10-15 mg. The first test has been interrupted when horizontal ST load exceeded 1 mm or contractions rate was 60% of the maximum value. Similar loads have been used after the administration of Sorbonit. The following parameters have been evaluated: heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (BPS), HR x BPS, lactate level (LA), and cardiac index. The value of the load has been measured with the aid of oxygen consumption (VO2). Significant depression of ST segment (less than 3 mm) in the exercise ECG has been noted in 8 patients following isosorbide dinitrate. Exercise tolerance has increased in these patients - CI increased during exercise following drug administration (VO2 the same as prior to the drug administration), and VO2/CI has became closer - physiological.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed2004

Shear stress insensitivity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression as a genetic risk factor for coronary heart disease.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is based on the development of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries. Shear stress-induced endothelial nitric oxide (NO) release not only contributes to local blood pressure control but also effectively helps to retard atherosclerosis. Therefore, functionally relevant polymorphisms in the endothelial NO synthase (NOS-3) gene may contribute to the development of CHD. NOS-3 expression was analyzed in endothelial cells isolated from umbilical cords genotyped for the -786C/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the human nos-3 gene. Moreover, NO-dependent relaxation was examined in segments of saphenous vein isolated from genotyped patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery, and patients subjected to quantitative coronary angiography were genotyped to verify an association between this SNP and CHD. Shear stress-induced NOS-3 mRNA and protein expression was present in TT and CT genotype cells but absent in cells with CC genotype. Pretreatment of these cells with a decoy oligonucleotide comprising position -800 to -779 of the C-type nos-3 promoter reconstituted shear stress-induced NOS-3 expression. These results were confirmed by reporter gene analysis with the corresponding nos-3 promoter luciferase constructs. In addition, the NO-mediated relaxant response of vein grafts from CC genotype patients was significantly attenuated as compared with the CT or TT genotype, and in CHD-positive patients, the CC genotype was significantly more frequent (19.0%) than in CHD-negative patients (4.4%). The -786C/T SNP of the nos-3 gene thus constitutes a genetic risk factor for CHD, presumably due to binding of an inhibitory transcription factor to the C-type promoter blocking shear stress-dependent maintenance of NOS-3 expression.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Risk factors in coronary disease in young men].

Within the framework of a study destined to gather data on the state of health and nutrition, 166 recruits were examined for risk factors associated with coronary disease. Increased blood pressure was ascertained with 8,5% of those examined whilst the cholesterol level was too high in 3,0% of the cases. 3,6% were found to have considerable overweight and 48,5% were smokers. 46,4% of the recruits were considered to present two risks. One risk factor was attributed to 44,6% and two risk factors assigned to 8,4% of the persons examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A comparison of echocardiography with dobutamine administration and the stress test in detecting coronary disease].

INTRODUCTION: Echocardiography with dobutamine has been proposed as a useful tool in the diagnosis and assessment of coronary artery disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: To determine the usefulness of echocardiography combined with dobutamine infusion (10 micrograms/kg/min, with increments of 10 micrograms/kg/min every 3 min up to 40 micrograms/kg/min) and atropine if submaximal heart rate is not achieved in detecting coronary artery disease, 45 patients with chest pain underwent this test, exercise stress test and coronary angiography. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between double product (peak heart rate x systolic pressure) after dobutamine infusion (18,774) and after exercise (16,950; p = NS). Significant coronary artery disease, defined as having 70% stenosis in, at least, one major vessel, was present in 30 patients. Although overall sensitivity of dobutamine echocardiography test (70%) was similar than that obtained by exercise stress test (66%), sensitivity of the subgroup of patients with single-vessel disease was significantly higher (66 vs 42%, respectively; p < 0.05). Specificity was slightly higher with dobutamine echocardiography test (94%) than with exercise stress test (66%; p = 0.07). Side effects and major complications (hypotension, ventricular tachycardia, heart failure) were present in 8 (18%) and 3 (6%) patients, respectively. ECG during dobutamine administration become positive for ischemia in 17 patients with and 1 without coronary artery disease. CONCLUSIONS: Dobutamine echocardiography test is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of coronary artery disease. Its sensitivity in patients with single-vessel disease is better than that obtained by exercise stress test. Complications after dobutamine infusion must be kept in mind.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The successes and failures in the primary prevention of coronary disease].

The modification of major behavioural and environmental risk factors has helped reduce coronary heart disease. It seems, however, that prevention results were not so good as expected. It is assumed that the major cause of this apparent unsuccessful data is basically due to world population ageing, as it is known that coronary heart disease is much more frequent in older people. Therefore the current life expectancy shows that the preventive measures have indeed been successful. From the analysis and discussion of the preventive epidemiological recommendations and the identification of new risk factors, the Authors suggest new strategies for health promotion and particularly for coronary heart disease reduction.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2006

Association of coronary shear stress with endothelial function and vascular remodeling in patients with normal or mildly diseased coronary arteries.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between coronary remodeling, shear stress and endothelial function remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the effects of mechanical factors on structure and function of epicardial coronary arteries. METHODS: Patients (group 1: %area stenosis<40%, n=55; or group 2: %area stenosis>or=40%, n=17) with a discrete mildly stenotic lesion (%diameter stenosis<30%) underwent intravascular ultrasound examination of the left anterior descending coronary artery for determination of vessel area, lumen area, plaque area, cross-sectional areas at reference segments, and remodeling index (the ratio of vessel area at the culprit lesion to vessel area at the proximal reference site). Further, vascular reactivity was examined using intracoronary administration of acetylcholine, papaverine, and nitroglycerin. RESULTS: Vessel area significantly correlated with plaque area in both groups (r=0.65, P<0.0001 and r=0.85, P<0.0001). Group 1 showed significantly greater acetylcholine-induced percentage changes in coronary blood flow (67+/-70 vs. 16+/-75%, P<0.05) and coronary artery diameter (-7+/-18 vs.-32+/-31%, P<0.01) and also significantly smaller coronary wall shear stress (65+/-27 vs. 81+/-32 dynes/cm, P<0.05) than group 2. The percentage increase in coronary blood flow induced by acetylcholine was significantly and positively correlated with remodeling index in group 1 (r=0.64, P<0.0001) but not in group 2 (r=-0.03, P=0.90) and was also significantly and positively correlated with coronary wall shear stress in group 1 (r=0.46, P<0.001) but not in group 2 (r=-0.33, P=0.19). CONCLUSIONS: Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the resistance coronary artery correlates with remodeling via increased wall shear stress when target lesions %area stenosis is <40%.

Adult↗