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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma total homocysteine and related metabolites in children with cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: the effect of treatment.

The neurologic complications of cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency are thought to be secondary to accumulation of homocyst(e)ine in the CNS. Treatment of this disorder with betaine has been shown to improve the behavior of individuals, to reduce plasma total homocysteine, and to correct secondary abnormalities of serine. To test the hypothesis that homocyst(e)ine accumulates within the CNS and that this can be reduced by treatment with betaine, we measured total homocysteine and related metabolites in the plasma of 10 children with cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency and cerebrospinal fluid of five children before and during betaine therapy. In plasma, betaine significantly lowered total homocysteine (but not to the normal range) and had a variable effect on methionine. In the cerebrospinal fluid, total homocysteine was raised before treatment (mean 1.2 microM) and was significantly reduced by betaine (mean 0.32 microM) but not to the normal range (<0.10 microM). Cerebrospinal fluid methionine was raised before and during treatment, but betaine did not cause a significant further increase. Cerebrospinal fluid serine was significantly reduced before treatment and rose to the normal range with betaine. Cerebrospinal fluid S-adenosylmethionine was normal before treatment and rose significantly with treatment; there were no significant changes in cerebrospinal fluid 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. The demonstration of accumulation of homocysteine within the CNS lends support to the hypothesis that this may be one cause of the neurologic complications of cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. Betaine is effective in reducing cerebrospinal fluid homocysteine, but concentrations are still significantly raised during treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid pressure during embolization of AVM.

We experienced that therapeutic embolization of a large cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) led to venous outflow obstruction resulting in intracranial hypertension in a patient who had undergone external decompression. To evaluate hemodynamic changes after embolization, we monitored the cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the next four patients who underwent endovascular treatment. The embolization of a medium AVM resulted in a slight increase in the cerebrospinal fluid pressure. In two medium AVMs, embolization produced slight decreases in the cerebrospinal fluid pressure. In a small AVM, we did not observe any changes in the cerebrospinal fluid pressure during the endovascular treatment. We discuss the mechanism of changes in the intracranial pressure after embolization and conclude that monitoring of the cerebrospinal fluid pressure immediately yields useful information for hemodynamic changes during endovascular treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Influence of milieu and dexamethasone on in vitro phagocytosis of cerebrospinal fluid phagocytes (author's transl)].

The influence of milieu and dexamethazone on the phagocytosis of India ink by cerebrospinal fluid phagocytes was compared in the same sample of cerebrospinal fluid from different patients. The addition of phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 to cerebrospinal fluid increased phagocytosis significantly. Acid (pH 7.2) or alkaline (pH 7.6) milieu lowered phagocytosis significantly. Low doses of dexamethazone (200 ug/ml) did not influence phagocytosis; high doses (400 ug/ml) lowered phagocytosis significantly.

Buffers↗
PubMed2000

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1: defining characteristics in the cerebrospinal fluid of newborns.

We measured plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of newborns with and without posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. We found that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy newborns are <10 mg/mL but are greatly elevated in patients who have posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and correlate directly with cerebrospinal fluid D-dimer and protein levels.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1977

Acquired spontaneous, nontraumatic normal-pressure cerebrospinal fluid fistulas originating from the middle fossa.

Five cases of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas originating from the middle fossa are described, including one patient with an "empty" sella. It is suggested that acquired meningocele and meningoencephalocele progress to become CSF fistulas. The normal anatomical and physiological factors which give rise to acquired bone/dural/arachnoid dehiscences are discussed and illustrated.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Endotoxin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid correlate with clinical severity and neurologic outcome of Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis.

Endotoxin concentrations were measured in paired samples of cerebrospinal fluid from 38 patients with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. On admission, the median concentration of endotoxin in cerebrospinal fluid was 104 ng/mL and decreased rapidly in follow-up samples. From 17 to 48 hours after admission, 50% of the patients had concentrations of less than 1 ng/mL. Endotoxin concentrations correlated significantly with concentrations of interleukin 1 beta, protein, and glucose in cerebrospinal fluid, duration of secondary fever, and neurologic abnormalities during hospitalization and on follow-up examinations. Twenty-eight percent of patients with endotoxin concentrations of 100 ng/mL or more on admission had long-term complications, compared with none of those with lower endotoxin concentrations (relative risk, 2.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.53 to 3.48). These results indicate that quantitation of endotoxin in cerebrospinal fluid could be a valuable aid in identifying those children at increased risk of complications during Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis and provide additional evidence that the Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis lipo-oligosaccharide is important in the pathogenesis of meningitis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fibrinolytic activity of cerebrospinal fluid as an indicator of the risk of repeated ruptures of arterial aneurysms].

The fibrinolytic activity of the cerebrospinal fluid and common venous blood flow was studied in 28 patients with ruptured aneurysms of cerebral arteries. Recurrent hemorrhage from the aneurysm was encountered in 8 of 11 patients with increased fibrinolytic activity of the cerebrospinal fluid but in none of the patients with absence of fibrinolysis in the cerebrospinal fluid. At the same time, intensified fibrinolytic activity was found in the common venous blood flow. It is suggested that the lysis of the clot at the site of the rupture of the aneurysmal sac is due to local fibrinolysis in the cerebrospinal fluid. Arterial spasm was detected in most patients with increased fibrinolysis in the fluid, and the severity of the general condition was graded III-V after Hunt and Hess.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte aggregation in meningitis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the difference in aggregation of cerebrospinal fluid cells from patients with bacterial, viral, aseptic and partially treated meningitis can be used for diagnostic purposes. METHODS: Cerebrospinal fluid samples of 100 patients with meningitis (15 bacterial, 13 partially treated, 10 viral and 62 aseptic) were compared on the basis of the predefined leukocyte aggregation score (LAS). RESULTS: Mean LAS was 56% in the bacterial meningitis group (range, 15 to 90%), 5.8% in the partially treated meningitis group (range, 0 to 27%), 2% in the proven viral meningitis group (range, 0 to 5%) and 2% in the aseptic meningitis group (range, 0 to 15%). All patients with bacterial meningitis had a LAS of > 15%, whereas all those with viral or aseptic meningitis had a score of < 15%. Although most patients with partially treated meningitis had a low LAS, several had higher scores, which may indicate bacterial infection. There was no statistical correlation between number of cells, type of cells (mononuclear or polymorphonuclear) or cerebrospinal fluid protein and glucose concentration and degree of leukocyte aggregation for the different groups. CONCLUSION: Measurement of the LAS may contribute to the immediate differential diagnosis of bacterial or viral meningitis, especially in patients with very high pleocytosis, as sometimes seen in enteroviral meningitis. It may also serve as a guide for the likelihood of bacterial infection in cases of partially treated meningitis. Additional studies are needed to confirm these observations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in cerebrospinal fluid of children with acute systemic or neurological illness.

Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase was analyzed in cerebrospinal fluid samples taken from children with a variety of neurological conditions (85 patients; mean age, 3.8 years) to determine it is involved in the defense mechanism against the toxic effect of inflammatory mediators in the central nervous system. A significant increase in cerebrospinal fluid activity was seen in the patients with meningitis and acute febrile illness in comparison with the control subjects. The activity was also significantly higher in the patients with meningitis than in the patients with inflammatory neurological diseases. In addition, the biochemical profile of cerebrospinal fluid platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase was different from other known acetylhydrolases. These findings suggest that cerebrospinal fluid platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity may be a sensitive marker of the host response to central nervous system infections.

1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase↗
PubMed1978

Viral antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis and control patients: comparison between radioimmunoassay and conventional techniques.

Cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to measles, rubella, vaccinia, herpes simplex, and varicella-zoster viruses in four patient study groups (clinically definite multiple sclerosis [MS], early probable MS, optic neuritis, and control patients with other neurological diseases) were assayed by radioimmunoassay, complement fixation, hemagglutination-inhibition, or complement-enhanced plaque reduction methods. Antibodies were more frequently found and at higher dilutions by radioimmunoassay than by other techniques. Measles virus antibody, the most frequently found antibody, was present in the cerebrospinal fluid of 72% of MS patients and 5% of control patients. The differences between the numbers of MS patients and control patients with antibodies to other viruses were not as marked. Thus, 58% of MS patients versus 21% of control patients had antibody to rubella virus, 20 versus 3% had antibody to vaccinia virus, 50 versus 33% had antibody to herpes simplex virus, and 25 versus 8% had antibody to varicella virus. Sixty-seven percent of MS patients and 26% of control patients had antibodies to two or more viruses in their cerebrospinal fluid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Computational modeling of the mechanical behavior of the cerebrospinal fluid system.

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the cerebrospinal fluid system was constructed based on a simplified geometry of the brain ventricles and their connecting pathways. The flow is driven by a prescribed sinusoidal motion of the third ventricle lateral walls, with all other boundaries being rigid. The pressure propagation between the third and lateral ventricles was examined and compared to data obtained from a similar geometry with a stenosed aqueduct. It could be shown that the pressure amplitude in the lateral ventricles increases in the presence of aqueduct stenosis. No difference in phase shift between the motion of the third ventricle walls and the pressure in the lateral ventricles because of the aqueduct stenosis could be observed. It is deduced that CFD can be used to analyze the pressure propagation and its phase shift relative to the ventricle wall motion. It is further deduced that only models that take into account the coupling between ventricles, which feature a representation of the original geometry that is as accurate as possible and which represent the ventricle boundary motion realistically, should be used to make quantitative statements on flow and pressure in the ventricular space.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Changes in cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics following endoscopic third ventriculostomy for shunt-dependent noncommunicating hydrocephalus.

OBJECT: The aim of this study was to analyze physiological changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics following endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for shunt-dependent noncommunicating hydrocephalus. METHODS: . Clinical data obtained in 15 patients treated with ETV for shunt malfunction were analyzed. Magnetic resonance imaging studies demonstrated the obstruction of the ventricular system preoperatively. After ETV, the existing shunt system was removed and a continuous extraventricular drain, set at 30 cm H2O in height, was installed to measure daily amounts of CSF outflow. Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics after ETV were also evaluated using 111In-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid radioisotope cisternography in six of 15 patients within 1 month of the procedure. Three patients underwent cisternography at 6 months after ETV. Cisternograms were obtained at 1, 5, 24, and 48 hours after injection of the radioisotope. To study CSF absorptive capacity, ratios of radioisotope counts at 48 and 5 hours after injection were calculated (C48:C5). Seven of 15 patients had daily outflows of CSF of less than 20 ml; this volume decreased quickly within a few days. The other eight patients demonstrated an outflow of more than 150 ml of CSF for several days, three of whom had signs of transiently increased intracranial pressure. Their CSF outflow volume decreased gradually and symptoms improved within 1 week. Ratios of C48:C5 were within normal limits in five of six patients who had undergone cisternography 1 month after ETV. These ratios were decreased in all three patientswho had undergone cisternography at 6 months after ETV compared with that measured at 1 month after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that CSF dynamics convert from a shunt-dependent state to a shunt-independent state within I week following ETV in patients with shunt-dependent noncommunicating hydrocephalus. Nonetheless, intraventricular pressure does not decrease quickly in certain cases. Cerebrospinal fluid absorptive capacity or CSF circulation through the subarachnoid space may show further improvement several months after ETV.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The presence of dopamine beta-hydroxylase in the cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits and its increased concentration after stimulation of peripheral nerves and cold stress.

The presence of dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in the cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits has been shown using a sensitive radiochemical assay; the identity of the reaction product was confirmed by using thin layer chromatographic techniques. The enzyme found in this fluid has some properties (sedimentation and electrophoretic migration) in common with the best characterized preparation of dopamine beta-hydroxylase, that prepared from bovine adrenal chromaffin granules. It also has these properties in common with the enzyme present in the high-speed supernatants obtained from osmotically disrupted synaptosomes prepared from rabbit brain. When the sciatic nerves of rabbits under urethane anaesthesia were stimulated, or when shaved rabbits were subjected to cold stress, the level of dopamine beta-hydroxylase in the cerebrospinal fluid increased. The increase in response to nerve stimulation was gradual, starting within 90 min of stimulation and remained high for at least 3 h after the stimulation had ended, at which time it was 280% of the normal value. There was no equivalent increase in the protein concentration of the cerebrospinal fluid nor was there a change in the enzyme activity when sciatic nerves were exposed but not stimulated. The enzyme present in the cerebrospinal fluid during this period of high activity is identical in its sedimentation and electrophoretic properties to that present in normal fluid. It is suggested that the dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in cerebrospinal fluid may be derived from noradrenergic neurons within the brain and that the enzyme is released together with noradrenaline.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Cerebrospinal fluid and multiple sclerosis].

A survey of the relevant diagnostic methods in the cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis is given. In over 90% positive results are obtained, showing the inflammatory CNS-process or myelin break down. Personal findings demonstrate the relevance of lymphocytic transformation in CNS inflammatory diseases. In 73% of definitive MS cases transformed lymphocytes occurred, commonly associated with a pathological IgG/Albumin ratio, but in 23% of chronic progressive cases in isolation. Under unselected cerebrospinal fluids with transformed lymphocytes and a cell count under 16 per micro 1 multiple sclerosis was suspected clinically in 70%, in further 20% other inflammatory diseases were present while only 10% unspecific cases occurred.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗
PubMed1995

The relationship between clinical effect and concentrations of temazepam in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.

The clinical pharmacodynamics of temazepam were investigated in patients who received spinal anaesthesia. Total plasma and cerebrospinal fluid temazepam concentrations were measured and correlated with the clinical effects. Sedation was measured by three separate methods. None, including an aggregated score of all three measures, was correlated closely with either the plasma or the cerebrospinal fluid levels (p = 0.86 and 0.12 respectively). Anxiety was measured before and after premedication. The two scores were correlated but the change in anxiety after premedication did not correlate with either the plasma or the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations (p = 0.11 and 0.45 respectively). Short-term memory was measured before and after premedication. The decline in short-term memory ability was moderately well correlated with both the plasma and the cerebrospinal fluid levels (p = 0.0005 and 0.013 respectively). With temazepam, the variation in sedative and anxiolytic effects between subjects is explained not by differences in pharmacokinetics but rather by differences in the pharmacodynamic response. Because sedative and anxiolytic effects are poorly correlated, but the amnesic effect is well correlated with temazepam concentrations, different sites of action for these effects are suggested.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Sorbitol and myoinositol levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of diabetic patients.

Sorbitol and myoinositol have been measured from human cerebrospinal fluid. The normal concentrations are very small (below 100 microM/l). The detection limit of the Gas Liquid Chromatographic method was 5 microM/l. The sensitive method provided a possibility to compare quantitatively the sugar alcohol concentrations in human cerebrospinal fluid. Sorbitol concentration was increased and myoinositol concentration decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of diabetic patients.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed2000

Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG bands in patients with spinal arteriovenous malformation and structural central nervous system lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and characteristics of patients with structural central nervous system (CNS) lesions and cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG bands. DESIGN: A retrospective study. METHOD: The medical records of patients with cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG bands were evaluated for the presence of structural CNS lesions, their location and cause, and for clinical characteristics. SETTING: Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG bands were examined in the Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. PATIENTS: Two hundred seventy of 570 patients with positive cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG bands were available for analysis. Twenty patients had structural CNS lesions. RESULTS: Twenty (7.5%) of the 270 patients had structural CNS lesions: 3 patients had spinal arteriovenous malformation; 5 patients had tumors; 9 patients had compressive cervical myelopathy. Traumatic leukomalacia, Arnold-Chiari malformation type 1, and CNS hemosiderosis were present in 1 patient each. In 2 patients (1 patient with recurrent meningioma and 1 patient with posttraumatic encephalomalacia) the presence of a structural CNS lesion was followed by the development of multiple sclerosis. In all 3 patients with spinal arteriovenous malformation, oligoclonal IgG identification prolonged the time to diagnosis and therapy, which varied from a few weeks to 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Structural CNS lesions, responsible for the neurological disorder, were present in 20 patients (7.5%) with cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG bands. The mechanism underlying oligoclonal IgG presence in spinal arteriovenous malformation and the coexistence of multiple sclerosis and structural CNS lesions is unknown, but may be related to recurrent tissue damage with repeated presentation of CNS antigens to the immune system.

Adult↗