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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenopathy: clinical and bronchoscopic features in 17 adults without parenchymal lesions.

BACKGROUND: Whilst intrathoracic lymphadenitis is a characteristic sign of primary tuberculosis in children, its presence without parenchymal lesions in adults is unusual and makes the diagnosis using noninvasive techniques difficult. The diagnostic role of bronchoscopy in adults with intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenitis is reported. METHODS: Seventeen patients with intrathoracic lymphadenopathy seen during 1993 who had all undergone bronchoscopy and had been found to have tuberculosis in the absence of any parenchymal lung lesions were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Right paratracheal lymphadenopathy was observed on the plain chest radiograph in all the patients. Fifteen of the 17 patients had an endobronchial abnormality and samples taken at bronchoscopy gave a definitive diagnosis in nine (53%) of the 17. Four patients had ulcerating endobronchial granuloma and all had biopsy samples positive for tuberculosis. Transbronchial or transcarinal needle aspiration samples were diagnostic in five of 11 patients (45%) subjected to the procedure. Peripheral lymph node biopsy diagnosed tuberculosis in two cases and in the remaining six patients the diagnosis wa achieved by mediastinoscopy or thoracotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Bronchoscopy has an important role in the diagnosis of intrathoracic tuberculous lymphadenopathy in adults and should be considered before other invasive procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of bronchoscopic diagnostic techniques with histological findings in brain dead organ donors without suspected pneumonia.

BACKGROUND: The techniques for recognising pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients were evaluated as no "gold standard" is available to establish the diagnosis in these patients. METHODS: A prospective study was performed on nine brain dead organ donors not suspected of having pneumonia to assess the specificity of bacteriological results from different samples by comparing them with the histological findings from an open pulmonary biopsy specimen taken immediately after death through a mini-thoracotomy. RESULTS: Seven of the nine organ donors without clinical evidence of pulmonary infection and not on antibiotic therapy showed histological features of bronchopneumonia. There was no association between the histological findings and quantitative cultures of the lung biopsy specimen. CONCLUSIONS: Histological evidence of pneumonia was common in this group of ventilated patients who had no clinical signs of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Persisting perfusion defects after bronchoscopic removal or spontaneous expulsion of aspirated foreign objects.

Follow-up lung scans were obtained in 9 children to determine whether perfusion lung scanning could be used to verify completeness of foreign-body removal. In 4 patients, extensive perfusion defects were present 4-19 days after removal of the object. In 1 patient, the area of hypoperfusion was larger than the territory served by a persistently obstructed lobar bronchus. Follow-up lung scans are of limited value for verifying completeness of foreign-body removal and localization of retained fragments.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed2002

Nonneoplastic lesions of the tracheobronchial wall: radiologic findings with bronchoscopic correlation.

Nonneoplastic diseases of the central airways are uncommon but can be categorized as either focal or diffuse, although there is some overlap. Focal diseases include postintubation stenosis, postinfectious stenosis, posttransplantation stenosis, and various systemic diseases that may involve the airways and lead to focal stenosis (eg, Crohn disease, sarcoidosis, Behçet syndrome). Diffuse diseases of the central airways include Wegener granulomatosis, relapsing polychondritis, tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica, amyloidosis, papillomatosis, and rhinoscleroma. Conventional radiography is often the first step in the evaluation of suspected central airway disease and may be adequate in itself to identify the abnormality. However, computed tomography (CT) improves both the detection and characterization of central airway disease. Bronchoscopy remains the primary procedure for the diagnostic work-up of these disease entities. Nevertheless, a thorough radiologic evaluation with radiography and CT may demonstrate specific imaging findings (eg, calcification) that can help narrow the differential diagnosis and aid in the planning of bronchoscopy or therapeutic intervention.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1990

Hemoptysis: CT-bronchoscopic correlations in 58 cases.

Computed tomographic (CT) and chest radiographic findings were retrospectively correlated with those found at fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in 58 patients presenting with hemoptysis. Abnormalities involving the airways were depicted by CT in a total of 28 cases (48%). In 18 of these (31% of the total group of 58), focal abnormalities involving the central airways were identified (17 were subsequently proved to be malignant) and in 10 (17% of the total), CT showed bronchiectasis. Focal airway abnormality was shown by FOB in 18 cases (31%); all of these were depicted with CT. Malignancy was diagnosed in 24 patients, including three in whom results of FOB were normal but malignant cells were identified at transbronchial biopsy. CT abnormalities were identified in all cases of malignancy. In 10 of 21 cases (48%) of non-small cell lung cancer, CT allowed definitive staging by documenting either direct mediastinal invasion and/or metastatic disease, while FOB allowed definitive staging in only three cases. CT studies provided no false-negative results. It is concluded that when carefully performed, CT may be an effective modality for evaluating patients presenting with hemoptysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Airway inflammation and atopic asthma: a comparative bronchoscopic investigation.

Flexible fibre-optic bronchoscopy under local anaesthesia has been used to investigate the cellular airway events in atopic asthma. The findings have been compared to those from atopic individuals without asthma and non-atopic healthy controls, in an attempt to discern those changes relevant to clinical disease expression. Immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic analyses of airway biopsies identified that an atopic diathesis is associated with tissue eosinophil infiltration and mast cell degranulation. The eosinophilia was greatest in those atopic individuals with asthma. Flow-cytometric analysis of airway lavage revealed significantly enhanced T lymphocyte activation in clinical asthma. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that T lymphocyte activation, through cytokine release, amplifies the tissue eosinophilia in asthma and that this combination is associated with clinical disease expression.

Asthma↗