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PubMedDate not supplied

Bioethics of teaching about reproductive technology and prenatal diagnosis choices in Japan.

The results of teaching trials among students in Japan are reported, examining their attitudes towards prenatal diagnosis and ART over a course of lectures. The students tended to be more negative than the general public over the use of prenatal diagnosis. The results of attitude changes, and example comments to explain the categorization process are given. The students had a diversity of comments and could reason about the examples of technology used, but were characterized by a higher percentage of uncertainty than in the general public even after lectures on bioethics.

Attitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bioethics in Russia.

Ten years of development in Russian bioethics presents significant progress. At the beginning of the 90s bioethics was practically unknown for Russian medical doctors, philosophers and the public. Since the year 2000 bioethics has become an obligatory course for all medical students. The Russian Orthodox Church published the same year "The Social Doctrine" that included a special part "The Church and Problems of Bioethics." Different bioethical problems are often discussed in the mass media. The development of Russian bioethics proves the basic understanding of ethics presented by John Dewey--ethics is a function of the moral life of the community. Norms are good or bad mostly as instruments that could be used in everyday life to solve real problems people meet.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed2003

The limitations of the Dutch concept of euthanasia.

Why has the law on euthanasia in the Netherlands caused such an upheaval both at home and abroad? In this paper I explore some bioethical issues in the decriminalisation of euthanasia in the Netherlands. The regulatory role of legal and state institutions in the process of decision-making by patients, physicians and other people concerned plays a central role in these discussions. I argue, first, that the limited scope of the Dutch legislation on euthanasia cannot be a solution to end-of-life issues in general, and, second, that it is inadequate as a model for dealing with problems related to 'death-on-request' abroad. Moreover, the confusion around the meaning of the term euthanasia would make its adaptation in other institutional environments capricious. Legal changes in the Netherlands was accompanied by cultural changes, expressed in the use of terms such as individual autonomy and personal choice. In the last section of this article I argue that the social and political environment may be crucial in defining the meaning of free choice. The contending views on the decriminalisation of euthanasia seem to develop as a reaction to change in medical technology in a particular socio-political environment rather than from a unique cultural ethic.

Coercion↗
PubMed1991

What has bioethics to offer health policy?

The field of bioethics has quickly become a subject of intense public fascination; and, following on an earlier period of resistance and skepticism, bioethics has been welcomed by clinicians as well. Bioethics, however, is largely a practical activity rather than a scholarly one, and its pretensions as an academic discipline within health policy and health services research must be greeted cautiously. Continuing problems in moral theory suggest that the most secure contributions that bioethics can make to health policy research are analysis and criticism rather than positive moral claims.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1990

Present status and prospects of bioethics in Argentina.

Most developments supporting the study of bioethics in Argentina are of relatively recent vintage. This article is dedicated to describing those developments--including creation of Argentina's Institute of Medical Humanities, formation of a bioethics working group at the National University of Mar del Plata, initiation of a two-year graduate bioethics course at the same university, and the holding of an international symposium and workshop on bioethics at Mar del Plata in 1988. Particular attention is devoted to the graduate course, the detailed design of which is outlined in Annex 1.

Argentina↗
PubMed1990

Bioethics in Chile: present and future status.

Chile's health system has been evolving rapidly in recent years. Among other things, profit-making enterprises have assumed a growing role, medical care has become increasingly technical, and the importance of less highly trained health workers has grown. Also, the assigned role of the Chilean Medical Association in deciding matters of medical misconduct has diminished, while that of the courts has grown; the nature of the doctor-patient relationship has changed; and clear divergences between medical ethics codes, laws, and prevailing social practices have emerged. Within this context, bioethics has come to be regarded as a necessary element in the teaching and practice of medicine. So while this discipline has not yet become fully institutionalized in Chile, it seems likely to play a growing role in dealing with the aforementioned changes and could make a substantial contribution toward solution of associated problems in the future.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed1990

Dynamics of the bioethics dialogue in a Spain in transition.

Serious work on bioethics at private Spanish institutions began in 1975, when the Spanish Government was in transition toward democracy. Since then the country has developed significant centers of bioethics study and a wide-ranging community of experts in this field. Reasons relating partly to Spain's recent history and partly to the nature of its health system have kept the discipline from attracting the support and collaboration of much of the nation's medical fraternity. This could change, however, in response to a changing legal picture, creation of hospital ethics committees, and a growing need for stronger ties between bioethicists and the medical community at large.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed1990

Bioethics in Peru.

To date the application of bioethics in Peru has been rudimentary. The discipline has not yet acquired a distinct identity; only a few committees review ethical problems that arise in the course of medical practice, and bioethics is still taught mainly at schools of philosophy and theology. At the same time, situations in various health fields have raised bioethics questions or indicated areas where bioethical approaches might be effectively applied. Among others, the activities involved include research on human subjects, interventions relating to human reproduction, treatment of AIDS patients, treatment of dying patients, organ transplants, and management of handicapped children. This article reviews developments in each of these areas, with an eye to specific matters of ethical concern.

Bioethical Issues↗