Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Baths”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Non-junctional modulation of neurogenic twitches of the guinea-pig ileum by some peptides and other compounds in the triple bath.

The effects of some neuropeptide transmitter candidates and of some other neurotoxins or drugs on conduction of neural excitation were studied in myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle strips from the guinea-pig ileum. A preparation in a special triple bath was drawn through two rubber membranes dividing the strip into three segments. Neurogenic stimulation of the oral segment set up nerve action potentials propagating aborally across the middle segment so that the aboral segment might also be invaded. Drugs were added to the middle segment to affect neuronal propagation (non-junctional effects) which was monitored by twitch amplitude of the aboral segment. The application of bradykinin and cromakalim did not affect aboral twitches although strong contractile and relaxatory effects were observed when the drugs were applied directly to the aboral segment; no neurogenic effects thus manifested. Capsaicin and neurotensin, when applied both to the middle and aboral segments, elevated the tone of the preparations accompanied with a decrease in twitch amplitude; these effects may have been due to neurogenic stimulation and release of other motor neurotransmitters. The application of VIP, apamin and dendrotoxin to the middle as well as to the aboral segments augmented aboral twitches, which might be at least partly due to facilitation of nerve action potential propagation in nerve terminals of cholinergic motor fibres.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1990

[The determination of total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria for quality control of bathing waters using the EC guideline 76/160 most probable number and BRILA-MUG broth].

In the monitoring of bathing waters according to EC Guideline 76/160 EWG, total coliform and faecal coliform bacteria have to be regularly determined by a quantitative method. This requirement can be fulfilled with sufficient reliability by the MPN method. Therefore, a procedure had to be developed which on the one hand is practical and not laborious, and on the other hand warrants a sufficiently specific, quantitative bacteriological diagnostic. The commercially available BRILA-MUG-broth appeared suitable for this purpose as it allows a direct determination of total as well as faecal coliform bacteria in the same assay. By this method, total coliform bacteria are recognized by gas production from lactose whereas faecal coliform bacteria additionally produce indole and liberate fluorochrome from MUG. Theoretical considerations and practical experiences showed that the rate of false-positive as well as false-negative results was within a range of 10% if compared with reactions described in the literature. Some factors which may influence the results are discussed.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed1985

Langerhans' cells in patients with psoriasis: effect of treatment with PUVA, PUVA bath, etretinate and anthralin.

Suction blisters were raised in lesions and normal appearing skin of patients with psoriasis. The blister roof which contains the epidermis separated at the dermal-epidermal junction was stained with ATPase, OKT-6 and anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies. The technique permits the counting of the Langerhans' cells per mm2. Their mean number varied between 888-987 cells per mm2 in control subjects with the three staining procedures. In patients with psoriasis, the number of cells before treatment was between 1110-1179 in uninvolved skin and 521-1001 per mm2 in the lesions as measured using both monoclonal antibodies and ATPase. However, the latter technique seemed to be inappropriate for lesional skin. After treatment with PUVA bath or oral PUVA with or without etretinate, fewer Langerhans' cells were seen in both lesions and normal appearing skin with the appearance of giant Langerhans' cells with long dendrites. In patients healed with anthralin + UV-B the Langerhans' cells appeared normal in number and size.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1989

[Experiences with drinking water ring trials and consequences for assessment and control of drinking and bathing water].

Collaborative studies of comparative investigations of standardized drinking water were performed within Lower Saxony since two years. The results show that the precision of the measurements even in the reference laboratories is substantially less than the measuring tolerance given by the Federal Drinking Water Regulation. Therefore, the standard deviation of the different parameters, variation coefficients, respectively, are to be used for the internal statistical quality control as well as for the judgment of water. Protests against drinking water, bath water, respectively, due to parameters exceeded should be made just if the guide or imperative values are exceeded by the threefold standard deviation experimentally determined in reference laboratories.

Germany, West↗
PubMed1988

Mucosal inhibition of cholinergic contractions in ferret trachea can be transferred between organ baths.

The influence of the mucosa on the contractile responses to cholinergic nerve stimulation in an in vitro nerve muscle preparation of ferret trachea was studied. Repeated contractions were induced by alternating direct vagal nerve stimulation (DNS) and electrical field stimulation (EFS). With intact mucosa there was a marked successive decrease of the contractile responses. During 60 minutes the responses decreased to 46 +/- 8% of baseline (Mean +/- SEM, n = 6), compared to 86 +/- 2% in preparations, in which the mucosa was initially removed. The mucosa dependent inhibition could be partly blocked by indomethacin (10 microM). The inhibitory effect could be transferred via the bath fluid from a donor preparation with intact mucosa to a recipient preparation with removed mucosa. Fluid transferred from a donor preparation with removed mucosa or from indomethacin treated preparations did not affect the contractile responses in the recipient preparation. We conclude that ferret tracheal mucosa can release a factor which inhibits the contractile responses to cholinergic nerve stimulation. The release of this factor can be blocked to a major part by indomethacin and the factor can be transferred from a donor to a recipient preparation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Protein B of soluble methane monooxygenase from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). A novel regulatory protein of enzyme activity.

An understanding of the mechanism of biological methane oxidation has been hampered by the lack of purified proteins. We describe here a purification protocol for the previously uncharacterized protein B of the soluble methane monooxygenase from the obligate methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). Soluble methane monooxygenase is a multicomponent enzyme consisting of a hydroxylase component, protein A, a reductase component, protein C, and protein B. All three proteins are required for monooxygenase activity. Protein B proves to be a low molecular weight (16,000) single subunit protein devoid of prosthetic groups. The protein is a powerful regulator of soluble methane monooxygenase activity, possessing the capacity to convert the enzyme from an oxidase to an oxygenase. Proteins A and C together catalyze the reduction of molecular oxygen to water, a reaction prevented by protein B. The uncoupling of soluble methane monooxygenase in this manner displays a number of novel features. First, the product of the uncoupled reaction is water, and second, the uncoupling is independent of substrate. Free hydrogen peroxide is not an intermediate in the reduction of oxygen by the incomplete methane monooxygenase enzyme complex. Finally, electron transfer can occur between protein C and protein A in the absence of protein B and protein B prevents the steady-state transfer of electrons in the absence of an oxidizable substrate, such as methane. It is demonstrated that oxygen reduction occurs at the active site of the hydroxylase component, protein A. A unifying mechanism, describing the interaction of the three proteins of soluble methane monooxygenase, is proposed.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1977

[Examination of the growth of pathogenic organisms on the elastic joints made of plastic material in swimming baths (author's transl)].

Roughly three months after a swimming bath had been put into operation a growth was observed on the permanently elastic joints made of plastic material at the bottom of the pool. Samples were taken and examined and bacteria, fungi, green algae as well as many monocellular organisms were found. The repeated identification of a pathogenic dermatophyte and of P. aeruginosa was of hygienic significance.

Chlorophyta↗
PubMed1980

[Comparison of two E.E.C. baths by study of the oncotic pressure-pulmonary artery pressure gradient].

Variations in oncotic pressure-pulmonary artery diastolic pressure gradient and in intrapulmonary shunt were studied in two groups of patients undergoing surgery with extracorporeal circulation for aortocoronary bypass of excision of an aneurysm. The two groups, differed only in terms of the E.C.C. bath (Group A: Ringer Lactate; Group B: DDextran 60,000). The effects of E.C.C. on these parameters were as follows: - decrease in both groups in the gradient (OP-PAP) (respectively P < 0.001 and P < 0.01) but with a more marked decrease in group A than in group B (P < 0.05) with non-negativisation of the gradient in that group; - non-significant variations in Qs/Qt in both groups without any correlation with gradient (OP-PAP). The onset of pulmonary oedema associated with a decrease in gradient (OP-PAP) leads to the suggestion of the use of Dextrans in pathological situations where OP is low or PAP high and all the more so when both of these factors are present.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1984

Purification and characterization of component A of the methane monooxygenase from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath).

Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) possesses a multi-component methane monooxygenase which catalyzes in vivo the conversion of methane to methanol. Component A of this enzyme system, believed to be the oxygenase component, has been purified to near homogeneity (95%). The native protein has a molecular weight of approximately 210,000 and is comprised of three subunits of Mr = 54,000, 42,000, and 17,000, which appear to be present in stoichiometric amounts suggesting an alpha 2, beta 2, gamma 2 arrangement in the native protein. Purified preparations of the protein are virtually colorless and examination of the uv/visible absorption spectrum revealed a peak around 280-290 nm and thereafter a steady decrease in absorbance to longer wavelengths. The ESR spectrum of the oxidized protein gave a signal at g = 4.3, presumably due to rhombic iron, and a radical signal at g = 2.01. Upon reduction with dithionite, a signal at g = 1.934 appeared. Chemical analyses of our purified preparations revealed the presence of iron (2.3 mol/mol) and zinc (0.2-0.5 mol/mol): molybdenum, copper, nickel, heme, and acid-labile sulfur were all virtually absent. On ultra thin layer isoelectric focusing, purified component A was judged to have a pI between 5.0 and 5.1. Extracts prepared from a variety of other methanotrophs failed to show any cross-reaction to antibody raised against M. capsulatus component A.

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMed1984

Hill plots of muscles bathed in hypertonic solutions.

The velocity of muscle contraction is found to decrease as the osmotic pressure increases for constant load. Vmax evaluated from computer fitted load/velocity curves shows two distinct activation processes when plotted against the reciprocal of absolute temperature. Hill's equation proves to be an accurate descriptor of the experimental P/V curves for each osmotic pressure and temperature. The area under the P/V curves was found to provide a more reliable parameter representing the overall muscle response than Vmax. When the bathing solution is made sufficiently hypertonic only one activation process remains. These effects are found to be reversible. The results are explained in terms of the inhibition of ATP splitting during the crossbridge power stroke.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Clinical vampirism. A presentation of 3 cases and a re-evaluation of Haigh, the 'acid-bath murderer'.

Clinical vampirism is named after the mythical vampire, and is a recognizable, although rare, clinical entity characterized by periodic compulsive blood-drinking, affinity with the dead and uncertain identity. It is hypothetically the expression of an inherited archaic myth, the act of taking blood being a ritual that gives temporary relief. From ancient times vampirists have given substance to belief in the existence of supernatural vampires. Four vampirists, including Haigh, the 'acid-bath murderer', are described. From childhood they cut themselves, drank their own, exogenous human or animal blood to relieve a craving, dreamed of blood-shed, associated with the dead, and had a changing identity. They were intelligent, with no family mental or social pathology. Some self-cutters are auto-vampirists; females are not likely to assault others for blood, but males are potentially dangerous. Vampirism may be a cause of unpredictable repeated assault and murder, and should be looked for in violent criminals who are self-mutilators. No specific treatment is known.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Percutaneous absorption of various terpenes - menthol, camphene, limonene, isoborneol-acetate, alpha-pinene - from foam baths (author's transl)].

The percutaneous absorptions of camphene, isoborneol-acetate, limonene, menthol and alpha-pinene as constituents of a foam bath (Pinimenthol) were measured on animals using radioactively labelled ingredients. Pharmacokinetic measurements showed maximum blood levels for all tested ingredients 10 min after the onset of percutaneous absorption. None of the ingredients was preferentially absorbed. Blood levels of all ingredients after 10 min of percutaneous absorption were a direct function of the size of the skin area involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Identification of the phrenic nucleus in the cat as studied by horseradish peroxidase bathing of the transected intrathoracal phrenic nerve.

Horseradish peroxidase bathing of the transected intrathoracal phrenic nerve was done to identify the exact distribution of neurons of the phrenic nucleus in the cat. Retrogradely labeled neurons were observed in the ipsilateral ventral horn from the lower one-fourth of the 4th to the lower end of the 6th cervical segment. In the 4th segment, labeled neurons were found at the medial part of the ventrolateral cell group. Caudalwards, the neurons shifted from lateral to ventromedial locations and, in the 6th segment, the neurons merged into the lateral part of the ventromedial cell group.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Systemic hyperthermia by the immersion bath method.

Several methods to administer systemic hyperthermia (41.8-42.0 degrees C) as an oncologic procedure have been described in the literature. We have developed a method to induce and maintain a body temperature of 42.0 degrees C (rectal) using a high-flow water immersion bath. This method was tested in a small series of sheep and proved to be applicable. In a preliminary clinical series of 10 treatment sessions advantages compared to the described other methods were noted. After a short induction period, accurate temperature control can be maintained. During the procedure the patient can be observed and handled, while buoyancy in water is an asset. Short term clinical were favourable.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1995

Single-centre experience of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation using cryopreservation by immersion in a methanol bath.

A simplified method to remove and cryopreserve peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) was utilised to restore the bone marrow in 31 patients with haematological or solid neoplasms after ablative chemotherapy. Mobilization was performed with subcutaneous G-CSF, starting 4 days before the first PBSC harvest and continuing to the last day of harvest. Cryopreservation was carried out by freezing cells to -80 degrees C after addition of autologous fresh plasma with DMSO, in a methanol bath and non-programmed freezer. The PBSC were reinfused in all cases. The mean quantity of CD34 cell (x 10(6)/kg) infused was 6.5 +/- 6.7. The mean number of procedures needed to harvest an appropriate number of PBSC was 3.6 +/- 1.3. The mean times necessary to recover more than 0.5 x 10(9)/l granulocytes were 11 +/- 4 (8-30) days and 23 +/- 13 (8-55) days to obtain more than 20 x 10(9)/l platelets. These results confirm our method as very effective in achieving a high-quality harvest, and it was used in paediatric and adult patients without problems. This procedure, using a non-programmed freezer, simplifies and reduces enormously the cost of the technical measures currently used, enabling their adoption in almost any clinical oncological institution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A new approach to defining functional ability in ankylosing spondylitis: the development of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index.

OBJECTIVE: After pain and stiffness, one of the most important complaints of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is disability. The main aims of treatment are to control pain but also to improve function. Various methods of assessing function exist but are either not specific for the disease or have not been adequately validated. As a result of this deficiency we developed the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) as a new approach to defining and monitoring functional ability in patients with AS. METHODS: This self-assessment instrument was designed by a team of medical professionals in conjunction with patients, and consists of 8 specific questions regarding function in AS and 2 questions reflecting the patient's ability to cope with everyday life. Each question is answered on a 10 cm horizontal visual analog scale, the mean of which gives the BASFI score (0-10). The questionnaire was completed 257 times in total: once by 116 outpatients and by 47 inpatients on 3 occasions over a 3-week intensive physiotherapy course. In addition, the instrument was compared with the Dougados functional index. RESULTS: Patients scores covered 95% of the BASFI range, giving a normal distribution of results. In contrast only 65% of the Dougados functional index scale was used. Furthermore, over the 3 week period of inpatient treatment, the BASFI revealed a significant improvement in function (20%, p = 0.004) while there was a less impressive change in the Dougados functional index (6%, p = 0.03). This demonstrates the superior sensitivity of the BASFI: Consistency was good for both indices (p < 0.001), as was the relationship between patient perception of function and function as assessed by an external observer (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The BASFI satisfies the criteria required of a functional index: it is quick and easy to complete, is reliable and is sensitive to change across the whole spectrum of disease.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Defining spinal mobility in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The Bath AS Metrology Index.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the most appropriate clinical measurements for the assessment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) to develop the new metrology index. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-three individuals with AS were studied. The patients reflected the entire spectrum of cases of AS. Metrology was performed on 327 occasions. First the metrology (20 measurements) of 43 patients was analyzed. From this, 5 simple clinical measurements were defined which most accurately reflect axial status: cervical rotation, tragus to wall distance, lateral flexion, modified Schober's, and intermalleolar distance. These measurements were assessed for reliability, speed and both inter and intraobserver variability in another 40 patients. RESULTS: Analysis of the first group of 43 patients and a subsequent group of 54 patients, using the 5 measurements that constitute this new Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI), demonstrated that they accurately and reliably mirror the 20 clinical measurements assessed previously (r = 0.92, p < 0.001). In a new group of 40 patients the measurements were demonstrated to be accurate and reproducible for both intraobserver variability (r = 0.99, p < 0.001) and interobserver variability (r = 0.97, p < 0.001). In a further 56 patients, admitted for inpatient therapy, an improvement in the BASMI from 3.34 (SD 2.71) to 2.16 (SD 2.42) was noted over a period of 3 weeks (regardless of disease severity) which indicates a sensitivity to change (chi 2 = 6.55, p < 0.01). The mean improvement over baseline was about 30%. CONCLUSION: Five clinical measurements provide a composite index (BASMI) and define disease status in AS. The BASMI is quick (7 min), reproducible and sensitive to change across the disease spectrum.

Adult↗