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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Orthopedic aspects of competitive swimming.

Orthopedic problems related to competitive swimming are rarely disabling, but can be problematic in preventing training and competition. Most problems are related to the shoulder and knee. Treatment is primarily nonsurgical and directed at relieving symptoms and allowing the athlete to continue with swimming practice. Treatment aids such as ice packing, anti-inflammatory medications, muscle stimulation and electrogalvanic stimulation, strengthening exercises, and static stretching are encouraged; upper arm bands and patellar-stabilizing supports can be adapted to training routines.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1984

Swimmers' injuries.

Swimming is an excellent sport for people of all age groups but can produce overuse injuries. Early diagnosis is essential before the resistant stage is reached: a swimmer with shoulder pain cannot 'swim it out'. Swimmers have different tolerances to high levels of activity but injuries can be reduced if attention is paid to technique, preliminary warm up and stretching exercises. Training errors and faulty technique cause problems but psychological stress in the teenage group should not be overlooked.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Pivoting with the load. An alternative for protecting the back in asymmetrical lifting.

The purpose of this study was to examine different lifting conditions with combined flexion and twisting of the trunk relative to the pelvis (full twist and half-twist techniques) and to compare them to a situation using feet pivoting with minimization of trunk motions relative to the pelvis. Nine subjects with limited experience were tested with two force platforms and two 16-mm cameras coupled with two mirrors; dynamic three-dimensional multisegment models were constructed and the net muscular moments as well as the angular velocities of the trunk relative to pelvis were determined about the three orthogonal orthopaedic axes of the trunk at L5-S1 in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and twisting. The results showed that pivoting required larger extension moments but considerably smaller twisting moments and that these moments were exerted from a safer trunk posture. Pivoting appears to be a good compromise to avoid or minimize complex trunk postures and loadings.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Fear of movement/(re)injury, disability and participation in acute low back pain.

Fear of movement/(re)injury and its associated avoidance behavior have shown to be strongly associated with functional disability in chronic low back pain. In acute low back pain disability, the role of pain-related fear has received little research attention so far. Measures of pain-related fear such as the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) are increasingly being used in primary care. The aim of the present study was: (1). to further investigate the factor structure of the TSK in a population of acute low back pain (LBP) patients in primary care by means of a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); (2). to examine the relationship between fear of movement/(re)injury and disability, as well as participation in daily and social life activities in 615 acute LBP patients seen by general practitioners and physical therapists in primary care settings; and (3). to examine whether disability mediates the association between pain-related fear and participation. CFA, and a subsequent explorative factor analysis on the TSK revealed a two-factor model. The factors consisted of items associated with 'harm', and items representing the 'avoidance of activity'. Both constructs were significantly associated with disability and participation. Additionally, and in contrast to what is often observed in chronic pain, disability, and to a lesser degree participation, were also associated with pain intensity. Finally, the association between pain-related fear, pain intensity and participation was indeed mediated by disability. The results suggest that early on in the development of LBP disability, the successful reduction of pain-related fear and disability might foster increased participation in daily and social life activities.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The short golf backswing: effects on performance and spinal health implications.

BACKGROUND: Full recoil golf swings have been implicated in back pain and injury in golfers. Evidence suggests that a restricted backswing may reduce the potential for injury without compromising performance. OBJECTIVE: To examine both golf swing performance and selected muscular actions of the trunk and shoulder during a full recoil swing as compared with a modified short backswing. METHODS: Electromyographic (EMG) recordings were taken bilaterally from the lumbar, external oblique, latissimus dorsi, and right pectoral muscles in 7 golfers during a full recoil swing and a modified short backswing. High-speed videotape was used to measure back swing angle reduction. Clubhead velocity (CHV) and ball-contact accuracy were quantified by using a swing speed indicator and clubface contact tape, respectively. RESULTS: Shortening of the backswing by 46.5 degrees +/- 24.7 degrees had no effect on stroke accuracy as measured by mean deviation from the target spot on the club (19.0 +/- 7.8 mm vs 19.3 +/- 9.2 mm). CHV was not significantly reduced (33.9 +/- 2.5 m/s vs 31.2 +/- 2.2 m/s). However, EMG root-mean-square was decreased 19% in the right oblique muscle from 750 to 250 ms before impact (P < .05). During the acceleration phase, activation of left lumbar muscle decreased by 12%, whereas activation of right latissimus muscle increased by 21%. Although left lumbar muscle activity during the follow-through increased 14%, there was a substantial (17%) but nonsignificant decrease of activation of trunk muscles (P = .11). There was a general trend toward an increased activation of the shoulder musculature from 250 ms before impact to 500 ms after impact. CONCLUSION: These data support the idea that short backswings in golf may reduce trunk muscle activation and possibly reduce back injury and pain without negatively impacting swing accuracy or CHV. However, the short swing increases shoulder muscle activation and may, in turn, promote risk for shoulder injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The New Zealand Rugby Injury and Performance Project: V. Epidemiology of a season of rugby injury.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence, nature, and circumstances of injury experienced by a cohort of rugby union players during a full competitive club season. METHODS: A prospective cohort study followed up 356 male and female rugby players throughout the 1993 competitive club season. Players were interviewed by telephone each week to obtain information on the amount of rugby played and the injury experienced. RESULTS: Detailed information was collected for 4403 player-games and 8653 player-practices. A total of 671 injury events were reported, of which 569 were rugby related. The injury rate for games was higher than that for practices (rate ratio 8.3). At 10.9 injuries per 100 player-games, males had a higher rate of injury than females at 6.1 injuries per 100 player-games (p<0.001). Injury rates varied by position, with male locks (13.0 injuries per 100 player-games) and female inside backs (12.3 injuries per 100 player-games) having the highest rate in their respective sexes. The lower limb was the body region most often injured in games (42.5%) and practices (58.4%). Sprains/strains were the most common type of injury in games (46.7%) and practices (76.1%). In games the tackle was the phase of play in which the most injuries occurred (40%), followed by rucks (17%) and mauls (12%). Thirteen per cent of game injury events were the result of foul play. CONCLUSIONS: Rugby injury was common among the study subjects and varied according to grade and gender. Identifying the causes of injuries in the tackle, lower limb injuries, and dealing with the issue of foul play are priority areas for the prevention of rugby injury.

Abbreviated Injury Scale↗
PubMed2004

Linking latest knowledge of injury mechanisms and spine function to the prevention of low back disorders.

While several sophisticated scientific approaches have been employed to understand low back function and injury mechanisms, very few have been broadly used to develop and justify injury prevention strategies. This paper looks beyond the linked segment model, and the lessons learned from this biomechanical approach, to consider the application of more sophisticated approaches. These include modelling approaches with greater anatomical and biological fidelity, fusing the lessons learned from the areas of tissue mechanics and concepts of spine stability, together with some studies that have examined several characteristics including psychosocial, physiological and personal variables. The objective is to better link recently discovered mechanisms of injury and spine tissue health with injury risk reducing approaches.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Isolated renal vein thrombosis after blunt trauma.

Renal vein thrombosis typically occurs in the setting of nephrotic syndrome, tumor thrombus, primary retroperitoneal processes with vein compression, oral contraceptive use, steroid therapy, transplanted kidney, or trauma. Trauma-induced renal vein thrombosis usually presents in combination with renal arterial or parenchymal injury. We report a case of isolated renal vein thrombosis secondary to blunt abdominal and flank trauma. The diagnosis was made with computed tomography, which revealed a filling defect in the affected renal vein and persistent nephrogram on delayed images. In general, conservative management is the preferred treatment approach with anticoagulation.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2000

Validity of the modified back-saver sit-and-reach test: a comparison with other protocols.

PURPOSE: Studies have shown that the classical sit-and-reach (CSR) test, the modified sit-and-reach (MSR), and the newly developed back-saver sit-and-reach (BS) test have poor criterion-related validity in estimating low-back flexibility but yielded moderate criterion-related validity in hamstring flexibility. The V sit-and-reach (VSR) test was found to be practical but the validity has not been established. The purpose of this study was to propose a modified back-saver sit-and-reach (MBS) test, which incorporated all advantages of the various protocols, and to compare the criterion-related validity and reliability of all these tests. METHODS: 158 college students (F = 96, and M = 62; age = 20.77 +/- 2.51) performed CSR, VSR, BS (left and right leg), and MBS (left and right leg) tests in a randomized order. Scores from each test were then correlated with the criterion measures. RESULTS: For all sit-reach tests, intraclass reliability (single trial) was very high (r = 0.89-0.98). MBS yielded significant and highest r with low-back and hamstring criterion for men (r = 0.47-0.67) and women (r = 0.23-0.54). The low-back and right hamstring validity of MBS for men were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than those from BS and CSR, whereas no differences in criterion-related validity were found between the MBS and other protocols in women. The ratings of perceived comfort among the sit-and-reach protocols were significantly different (P < 0.001) from each other. The rating for MBS was observed the most comfortable test as compared with other protocols. CONCLUSION: The MBS test is not only a reliable test for hamstring and low-back flexibility, it is also a more practical with improved validity for hamstring and low-back flexibility in men than previous protocols.

Adolescent↗