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PubMed1983

Comparison of the visibility of the anatomical structures of the facial skeleton in panoramic zonography and linear tomography.

The value of cylindrical panoramic radiography (using one rotational axis), a modification of orthopantomography (using three rotational axes), in radiographic examination of maxillo-facial skeleton was estimated by evaluating the visualization of anatomical structures of the facial skeleton on cylindrical panoramic and linear tomographic radiographs of 51 patients examined with both methods. The radiographs were independently reviewed by four radiologists. The visualization of the lateral wall of the orbit and maxillary sinus, nasal septum, alveolar process and zygomatic corpus was better on cylindrical panoramic radiographs. Linear tomography visualized the media wall of orbit better. In visualizing the frontal sinus, orbital floor, medial wall of maxillary sinus and hard palate there were no significant differences between linear tomography and panoramic zonography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Asymmetry in the structure of the middle part of the facial skull].

The results of study of the middle third of the facial region, performed on a total of 412 skulls of male individuals, lead to the following conclusions: 1. In the investigated upper section, the zygomatic bone inclusive, downwards to its lower section along the alveolar process of the maxillary bone, a complete and approximative symmetry displayed by the width values is more frequently met with, whilst asymmetry is rather rarely. In the same direction, from above downwards, the number of skulls with differences in favour of the right side decrease, whereas the number in favour of the left side increase, with the rarely observed asymmetry in the lowermost section usually involving the leftside. 2. The height of the upper jaw-bone region near the sagittal line shows more frequently symmetry (complete and approximative), and rather rarely asymmetry, whilst insofar as the zygomatic bone is concerned the opposite is observed; therefore, in the direction from medial to lateral-wards the incidence of asymmetry increases, whereas that of the symmetry decreases. In the same direction the number of skulls with differences in favour of the right side increases, while the number in favour of the left side decreases. 3. The coincidence of absolute differences recorded in 69%, respectively 61.6%, between right and left side of closely positioned dimensions (20 and 31, resp. 20 and 42) proves that the data about these dimensions are apt to determine symmetry and asymmetry manifestations with a sufficient reliability. 4. The individual values of the pairs of breadth dimensions of one and the same region of the studies craniofacial portion show a higher degree of correlation than those of different regions which is due to the differences between the latter in terms of incidence of symmetry and asymmetry in their build up. 5. The width of the middle third of the median craniofacial portion and the lateral distance of the skull Zygomaxillare--Porion do not correlate, i.e. there is no parallelism between the fluctuations of their individual values. 6. In most of the cases the bones of the external nose are symmetrical, and hence its asymmetry is attributed to the soft parts as cartilage and skin.

Bulgaria↗
PubMed1981

[Is germectomy of the wisdom teeth truly of value in orthodontics? (author's transl)].

The long-term results of treatment of various dentomaxillary dysharmonies demonstrate that these are influenced very little or not at all by prophylactic germectomy of the wisdom teeth. It would appear, in fact, that recurrent malpositioning in the anterior region is related more to problems concerning variations in inclination of the alveolar processes, than to a suggested posterior encumbrance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Orthodontic management of unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Experimental and clinical findings indicate that unfavorable adaptations of normal structures occur in children with clefts. It is postulated that these deviations from normal development are reversible and can be corrected or prevented by properly designed treatment. On this basis, five hypotheses were formulated and tested on the data from the subjects included in this study. The subjects consisted of 1) 16 children without clefts, 2) eight children who had complete unilateral clefts of the lip and palate but who had not received orthodontic treatment, and 3) 16 children who had complete unilateral clefts of the lip and palate and who had been treated by the described orthodontic procedures. The mean age for each group was 16 years. It was concluded that orthodontic treatment can be designed to : 1) counteract the forces which inhibit development of the maxillary alveolar process horizontally and vertically, 2) partially prevent the reduction in the forward growth of the maxilla, 3) provide adequate jaw and dental arch relationships, and 4) establish and maintain correct position of the maxillary segments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Craniofacial morphology in six-year-old Norwegian boys with complete cleft of lip and palate.

Twenty-nine Norwegian boys, 9 with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate and 20 with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate, were studied at 6 years of age before any orthodontic treatment had been performed. After the introduction in 1970 of a new surgical procedure involving early periostoplasty and bone formation in the cleft area corresponding to the alveolar process, the craniofacial growth pattern of these cleft groups still deviate from that of a normal control material. The growth pattern of the Bergen-patients does not seem to differ from patients where early periostoplasty is not performed and where the hard palate is closed 4-5 years later.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1981

[Vivisection studies on the effects of unilateral tooth extraction on growth of the skull amd masticatory musculature (author's transl)].

Following up on the 1st part of this cycle of publications, the 2nd Bulletin deals with investigations on upper and lower jaw growth in the Vietnamese belly pig after extracting all teeth as they appeared in the right half of the jaw. The results showed characteristic changes on the side of the extraction compared with the skull on the other side. They also show clearly that the effects of unilateral loss of teeth on the development of the bony part of the chewing apparatus are very local. This is made evident by analysis distances measured for the 3rd and 4th upper jaw widths and the 2nd vertical height of the bottom jaw. In contrast to other authors, we found no changes in the longitudinal and lateral development of the bottom jaw. Due to the slight degree of development of the alveolar process of the bottom jaw in the region of the 1st permanent molar, a significant reduction in surface area was found when removing the 2nd molars, which was performed usually at an early point, only in the group slaughtered after 12 months.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Principles of treating congenital cleft lip and palate].

Six months is believed to be optimal age for primary chiloplasty; the most effective method is a combined chiloplasty after Mirault---Limberg---Obukhova---Anamenski resulting in primary union in 99% of cases. In cleft palate the operation is possible at the age of 6--7 years. The article describes specific features of the surgical treatment of clefts involving part of the hard palate, complete uni- and bilateral cleft palate and alveolar processes of maxilla.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Craniofacial growth in cleidocranial dysplasia--a roentgencephalometric study.

The purpose of this study was to analyze craniofacial growth in cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) with emphasis on bone remodeling, mandibular condylar growth, and tooth eruption. Skull radiographs of 22 CCD children followed longitudinally were examined. The span of time investigated varied for each patient, but the period from 5 years to adult age was well covered. Five patients had metallic implants inserted in the jaws; the implants enabled detailed analysis of bone remodeling, jaw rotation, and tooth eruption. In the calvaria, an open anterior fontanelle area persisted in most cases but decreased with age. A frontal sinus failed to develop or was diminutive in all cases but one. In the cranial base, the size increase of the sella turcica was reduced as a result of modest resorption at the floor and the posterior wall; the clivus was flexed in most cases, but the flexion remained stable during the observation period. Growth in maxillary height was severely reduced, primarily because resorptive lowering of the nasal floor was minimal. The amount of bone apposition on the orbital floor and the alveolar process was smaller than expected. Condylar growth direction was vertical giving rise to a forward rotation of the mandible in relation to the anterior cranial base. The expected resorptive remodeling below the mandibular angle and anteriorly on the ramus was negligible. The low maxilla, in combination with a marked forward mandibular rotation in cases with unstable occlusion as a consequence of eruption problems in the permanent dentition, gave rise to a diminished anterior facial height.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Midsagittal dimensions of the prenatal human cranium.

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the linear dimensions of the cranial base and the anterior facial heights in the median plane of human fetal crania during the second trimester. The distances measured were related to gestational age (GA), crown-rump length (CRL) and maturation stages of the cranial base (MSS). The material comprised midsagittal tissue blocks of the crania from 52 normal human fetuses aged 13 to 22 weeks GA with CRL from 78 to 230 mm and cranial base maturation from MSS 3 to MSS 7. The measurements of the cranial and facial dimensions were performed on radiographs of these tissue blocks. The study confirmed previous observations regarding the dimensional increase in the linear dimensions of the cranial base and the upper facial height in the second trimester. The assessment of absolute changes was further supplemented by an analysis of the percentage changes. This analysis showed that the percentage changes from MSS 3 to MSS 7 of the linear dimensions of the cranial base and the upper facial heights were similar. On the other hand, the percentage increase in the lower anterior facial height during the second trimester was found to be much larger than that of the cranial base and the upper anterior facial height. It is suggested that this is related to the marked increase of the tooth germs during the period and the concurrent growth of the alveolar processes. Standards for normal prenatal cranial dimensions in relation to stages of maturation in the midsagittal cranial base were provided. These data may be of value for use in prenatal diagnostics.

Cephalometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Facial growth and development in unilateral cleft lip and palate from the time of palatoplasty to the onset of puberty: a longitudinal study.

X-ray cephalometry was used for the assessment of facial growth and development from the time of palate surgery to the onset of puberty (from 5 to 11 years) in 24 boys with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated with primary periosteoplasty (at 8 months) and palatal pushback supplemented by pharyngeal flap surgery (at 5 years). The lowest growth showed the depth of the maxilla and the height of the upper lip. An increasing protrusion of the mandible and in particular the increasing retrusion of the maxilla resulted in a flattening of the face and in an impairment of sagittal jaw relations. However, it was possible to attain an improvement of overjet produced by a substantial increase of the proclination of upper incisors and of the alveolar process. There was a deterioration of the prominence of the upper lip. Anterior growth rotation was absent during the development of the face, though a rotation in both directions was quite common in individual cases. The steepness of the mandibular body, vertical jaw relations, and facial vertical proportions remained unchanged. As compared to the pubertal period, the growth and development differed only by a more marked proclination of the dentoalveolar component of the maxilla and by an improvement of overjet. Facial convexity and sagittal jaw relations deteriorated in more than 90% of the patients, the overjet only in 20%, yet the prominence of the lip in 70%. Facial convexity and sagittal jaw relations were not correlated with mandibular rotation but they affected the overjet and the prominence of the upper lip.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cephalometry↗