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Results for “Adjustment Disorders”

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute nuptial psychosis: apropos of 16 cases].

The marriage, an over-invested social event in our Maghrebin cultural context, can, in certain cases, generate major psychiatric disorders especially of psychotic types. The aim of our study is to describe the clinical specifications of these psychotic disorders and to discuss the surroundings and individuals factors incriminated in their genesis. Our retrospective study concerns sixteen patients suffering from acute psychotic disorders precipitated by marriage. Male subjects represented 75% of cases with an average age of 26.8 years. 62.5% of them have no psychiatric background. The disorders first appeared after the marriage in 75% of cases, often during the first week. 68% of cases have delirious syndrome. Schizophreniform and brief psychotic disorders were often reported. The importance of the cultural factors was particularly prominent in the starting of these disorders.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1988

[The typology of reactive depression in young children].

A group of 38 children aged 1.5 to 4 years with reactive depression was under this study. Dependent on features of affective disorders themselves and their age-related peculiarities (masked depressions), two subgroups were established. In each, distinct psychopathologic types of reactive depressive disorders were defined. Age distribution of reactive depressions was noted.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1987

Psychiatric components of a health maintenance facility (HMF) on Space Station.

The operation of a permanently manned space station brings a special challenge to psychiatry due to the combined physiological, emotional, and social stresses which will affect its occupants. Psychiatric diagnostic and therapeutic techniques will be a part of the Space Station's general medical support, known as the Health Maintenance Facility (HMF). The psychiatric component of HMF will promote psychological health throughout the mission and permit treatment, if necessary, of those psychiatric disorders which could impact mission success. This paper will discuss these emotional disorders and propose methods of management in the microgravity environment.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1985

[Clinico-dynamic features of neurotic and psychotic hysterical depressions in the late period of craniocerebral injuries].

Twenty patients with neurotic and twenty patients with psychotic hysterical depressions developing in the presence of long-term consequences of craniocerebral injuries were subjected to a comparative examination. Differences and transitions between these two conditions are not a uniform intensification of a definite set of symptoms but present a qualitative transformation of the status with extension of disorders to all spheres of mental activity.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and quality of life: the potential impact of Axis I psychiatric disorders in a sample of 95 HIV seropositive men.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to assess whether Axis I psychiatric disorders exert effects on function and well-being independent of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related disease progression. METHODS: A convenience sample of 95 HIV seropositive individuals completed the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey (SF-20). The Standardized Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID-NP-HIV) was used to screen subjects for Axis I psychiatric disorders in the previous 6 months. HIV-related disease severity was defined for each subject using the 1993 revised Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Classification System. RESULTS: Thirty-seven (39%) subjects had asymptomatic HIV disease and 58 (61%) had symptomatic disease. Thirty-three (35%) subjects had Axis I disorders in the previous 6 months. After controlling for HIV-related disease severity, psychiatric disorders were independently associated with substantive decrements in the mental health and health perceptions dimension scores (beta-coefficients were approximately -18.0 for both dimensions; p < or = 0.01). Axis I disorders were also associated with decrements in the social functioning dimension at a p value that approached significance (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In HIV seropositive individuals, the presence of an Axis I psychiatric disorder in the previous 6 months is associated with diminished scores in multiple areas of functioning and well-being, independent of HIV-related disease progression. Axis I disorders, therefore, appear to impact quality of life. These findings, in part, suggest that the SF-20 (the mental health subscale, in particular) may have utility as a screening tool for the presence of a recent Axis I diagnosis.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Kindergarten predictors of boys' stable behavior problems at the end of elementary school.

This study predicted stable social maladjustments of ages 10, 11, and 12 from teacher behavioral ratings in kindergarten and a measure of family demographics. Kindergarten teachers rated 1,034 boys on hyperactivity, aggression, inattention, anxiety-withdrawal, and prosocial behavior. Sociodemographic information was collected from the parents. At ages 10, 11, and 12, teacher, parent, peer, and self-report behavior ratings were collected on 743 boys. School achievement was documented from school records. Boys whose average scores on each of the five behavioral ratings across ages 10, 11, and 12 were above the 90th percentile according to at least two informants were defined as having stable behavioral problems. From teacher ratings collected in kindergarten and family demographics, logistic regression analyses predicted stable social maladjustment. For each negative outcome there was a unique set of predictors. The results are discussed with reference to the early identification of children who are at risk.

Achievement↗
PubMed2005

Precocious puberty in adolescent girls: a biomarker of later psychosocial adjustment problems.

We have investigated the hypothesis that stress condition will accelerate pubertal maturation in adolescent girls and that faster maturing girls will display more behavioral problems than their on-time or late-maturing peers during pubertal development. Longitudinal data were collected yearly from 1986 to 1997. Parents of 1039 French-speaking Canadian girls completed a questionnaire about their characteristics as well as those of their family. To predict onset of puberty by time and cumulative risk factors, a Hierarchical Regression Analysis and a Survival Regression Analysis were conducted. Results revealed that: (1) anxiety at 8 years old, lower level of anxiety a year earlier and more adverse family condition predict a younger age at first menses; and (2) Body Mass Index, conflicts, and sleep disturbances significantly predict the onset of puberty. Complementary standard regression analyses demonstrated that situational stress mediated the effect of these variables. We concluded that precocious puberty could be an indicator of stress in a child, thus, allowing professionals to intervene early and to prevent later problems in psychosocial adjustment.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1987

A social relations model test of Sullivan's anxiety hypothesis.

Interpersonal relationships and mutual influence are important aspects of both personality and behavior. However, empirical tests of mutual influence in anxiety have not occurred because of difficulties in design and assessment. In this report, we present a study of two training groups of graduate students and a study of an outpatient psychotherapy group. In both studies relationship-specific variance was significant and accounted for a substantial proportion of the systematic variance. In the training groups, there were also significant individual differences in experienced anxiety. These studies support the importance of relationships in anxiety but not Sullivan's hypothesis of the exclusive interpersonal nature of anxiety (Sullivan, 1964). The results address Endler and Magnusson's (1976a, 1976b) interactional approach to anxiety by assessing dynamic interaction rather than mechanistic interaction. In addition, these studies extend the use of the Social Relations Model to a new area, anxiety, and demonstrate its use in separating relationship-specific adjustments in anxiety from individual differences in anxiety.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1979

Neurotic depressions: a systematic analysis of multiple criteria and meanings.

Neurotic depression, the most commonly used psychiatric diagnosis, has multiple meanings that are often used interchangeably in clinical practice. The authors identify six different meanings of neurotic depression and present data from a study of 90 depressed inpatients to determine how many patients met several different criteria; 16 patients met four sets of criteria. The overlap that exists between the different meanings is higher than chance alone but not sufficiently high to allow complete interchangeability. Until new diagnostic classes are developed, the authors recommend that the term "neurotic depression" no longer be used clinically because of its vagueness.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social and environmental factors and atypical depression in old age.

This community-based epidemiological survey is concerned with relationships between social and environmental factors and atypical depression in a Finnish population aged 60 years or over. The occurrence of atypical depression was related to older age, widowed or divorced marital status, having moved during the previous few years, living in a small dwelling near the local population center, having neighbors living in the same building, living alone, being frequently alone, a low number of hobbies and many long-standing or current social stress factors. In addition, the atypical depressive persons felt that elderly people were not appreciated. The log-linear model constructed for atypical depressive persons revealed five subgroups. The first was characterized by living alone and being widowed or divorced, the second by living alone and having a low number of hobbies and a high incidence of long-standing social stress factors, the third by being frequently alone and being widowed or divorced, the fourth by a low number of hobbies and a low incidence of actual social stress factors, and the fifth by living alone and having a high incidence of long-standing social stress factors and a low incidence of actual social stress factors.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical contribution to so-called homilopathy].

Twenty cases are presented as a basis for reopening the discussion concerning the homilopathy concept introduced by Kraepelin. The authors describe three different degrees of expression of the homilopathic syndrome. The investigations suggest that homilopathic impediments are much more common than the usage of the term indicates. Possibilities of therapy and prophylaxis are discussed.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1991

'Schizoid' personality in childhood and adult life. II: Adult adjustment and the continuity with schizotypal personality disorder.

In a controlled follow-up study into adulthood of 32 children diagnosed 'schizoid', three-quarters fulfilled DSM-III criteria for schizotypal personality disorder and two developed schizophrenia. Overall their psychosocial adjustment was somewhat, but not markedly, worse than that of other attenders at a child psychiatry clinic, although as a group they remained more solitary, lacking in empathy, oversensitive, with odd styles of communicating, and often with circumscribed interests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Morbidity risk for psychiatric disorders in families of probands with affective disorders divided according to levels of platelet MAO activity.

In a series comprising 166 subjects with affective disorders, the lowest and highest quartiles in the male and female platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) distribution, respectively, were included. The morbidity risk in the first-degree relatives (parents and siblings) of these low and high platelet MAO subjects was determined. First-degree relatives of low platelet MAO probands were found to have an increased morbidity risk for neurotic-reactive depressions and for alcoholism. The results seem to be in line with the biological high-risk paradigm, indicating that platelet MAO could be a biological marker for increased vulnerability. First-degree relatives of high platelet MAO probands were found to have an increased morbidity risk for bipolar affective disorders.

Adjustment Disorders↗