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PubMed1989

[Long-term release from work].

Exemptions from work of long duration have a considerable portion in sickness figure. Almost the half of absentee rate due to illness results out of exemptions from work with a duration of more than four weeks. The main portion of sickness figure results from cases of unfitness for work with a duration until of half a year. Cases of unfitness for work of yet longer duration are very seldom (0.5%). The absentee rate due to illness implied by these amounts to 10.6%. Corrected figures are estimated to take into consideration the longer payment of sickness benefit in the GDR (78 weeks), in comparison to the sickness figures of other socialist countries who suspend the payment of sickness benefit already after 26 weeks (CSSR 52 weeks).

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

School and work release evaluations.

Increasingly high levels of absenteeism for minor illnesses and injuries have created serious problems for American schools and industries. Short-term absenteeism also creates serious ethical and professional dilemmas for primary care physicians who routinely perform school and work release evaluations. Through an inductive analysis of three typical cases, these problems are identified. The major ethical issues involved are discussed, including truth-telling, confidentiality, and a confusion of the professional boundaries of medicine, education, and industry. Through a deductive analysis, it is shown that the conventional approaches to school and work release evaluations fail to achieve satisfactory results. To circumvent these problems, three solutions are proposed: primary care physicians can refuse to do such evaluations, inform the patient of the purpose and rules of the encounter, or perform evaluations only in the context of treatment.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1985

Organizational stress in the hospital: development of a model for diagnosis and prediction.

A model of organizational stress in the hospital was developed and tested. The model utilized measures of organizational climate, supervisory practices, and work group relations as predictors of the amount of role conflict and ambiguity that nurses perceived in providing patient care. Role conflict and ambiguity were treated as variables that intervene between organizational variables and the level of stress that the nursing staff experienced. Nursing stress was viewed as a direct cause of job dissatisfaction and as an indirect cause of absenteeism among the nursing staff. Data from 158 registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and nursing assistants on seven nursing units in a 1,160-bed private teaching hospital were used to estimate the parameters of a structural equation model. The model was used to predict the results of a survey feedback project designed to change the supervisory style used on the units. Pre- and posttest data from four surgical units were used to validate the model. The findings suggest that, as predicted, supervisory practices that led to more open expression of views and joint problem solving resulted in reduced role conflict, ambiguity, and stress; increased job satisfaction; and lower levels of absenteeism among the nursing staff.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1979

Academic achievement and involvement in hockey: a post-hoc longitudinal study.

Academic achievement, absenteeism, and athletic involvement (hockey) data were collected on 484 boys throughout British Columbia. School and minor hockey records were used to obtain longitudinal data for each boy from Grade 1 until high school graduation or school withdrawal. Results indicated that hockey players exhibit less school absenteeism than non hockey players, but are not different with respect to grade point averages. Hockey players, at the juvenile level or lower, tend to attain a slightly higher grade point average during the years they are playing hockey in comparison with their academic achievement during the years they are not playing hockey. Of the hockey players with lower than average I.Q.'s, those who exhibit poor achievement tend to drop out of hockey earlier than those who have average or above average grades.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1977

[Epidemiological examinations of peptic ulcer in coal miners. III. The course of peptic ulcer and its effect on work efficiency].

These examinations are based on an individual questionnaire and medicinal documentation of 8302 miners employed in 3-coal mines. In the previous parts an influence of occupational factors and socio-living conditions upon the occurrence of peptic ulcer in miners was presented. At present, on the ground of an analysis of 657 cases of peptic ulcer found among the examined population, considerable differences in the course of the disease in individual employed groups were found. In underground miners the cases with frequent recurrences were more frequent, compared with the staff employed on the surface. The amount of sick leaves caused by peptic ulcer was five times greater; the rate of absenteeism was the greatest. Recent cases (lasting no longer than 5 years), prevailed. Among the surface workers, as opposed to the under-round staff, almost all the cases of peptic ulcer called for hospital treatment. The percentage of chronic cases was much greater, the amount of complications and operations was twice as great. Sickness absenteeism caused both by peptic ulcer and other diseases was incresed. Hence it is evident that the work underground is too strenuous for those suffering from gastric ulcer and the miners with a heavy course of the disease most probably change the work i.e. they are transferred to the surface.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1978

The control of acute diarrhea in a large industrial plant.

Diarrhea causes considerable absenteeism and loss of working time among employees in the United States. One hundred employees with acute diarrhea at a Ford Motor Company plant were studied for four months to determine if loperamide hydrochloride treatment would control diarrheal symptoms, reduce absenteeism due to the condition, and be well-tolerated. Diarrhea was controlled with a median dosage of three capsules (6 mg total dose) and a range of two to 12 capsules. Ninety-six percent of the subjects were controlled after the first day, 98% by the third day. A statistically significant number were symptom free at their last clinical visits. Side effects were generally minor in nature. Substantially more than 1,000 man-hours of lost time were saved because of the treatment. Known drug dependents did not suffer from CNS effects or "highs". Loperamide acts directly on the intestinal wall to inhibit excessive peristalsis, thereby providing prompt, effective relief, with normal bowel patterns observed in these patients. The simple, individualized dosage is patient-oriented, rather than based on a fixed regimen. Because of its rapid onset of action, effective control of symptoms, low dosage, and being well-tolerated, loperamide meets the criteria for an effective antidiarrheal agent in industry.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1978

[Surveillance of influenza in France (author's transl)].

The collection of data for influenza surveillance is difficult because clinical cases cannot easily be notified by practitioners and because only a few cases are studied by specific biological methods. In different countries, several indices are used such as: morbidity returns, mortality returns, absenteeism returns preferably in combination. In France, the two National Reference Centres in Paris and Lyon coordinate the activities of all diagnostic laboratories where influenza is detected by collecting and redistributing their findings and by identifying the strains they isolate. Furthermore, a collaborative network of physicians and institutions is being organised to provide a complete coverage of the country. I.N.S.E.R.M. and the National Centres have set up during the last two winters a new method of specific surveillance in school children: it combines observation of absenteeism peak in randomly selected classes and etiologic diagnosis by virus isolation. Surveillance of such a group, particularly sensitive to epidemic spread and probably partly responsible for it, was very efficient: early isolations were obtained and the presence of epidemics was detected before overt outbreaks occurred.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1995

[Transient work disability throughout a year in the IV Area of Asturias].

OBJECTIVE: We try to determinate the epidemiological distribution of the different pathologies which produce laboral absenteeism. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: IV Health Area, Asturias. PARTICIPANTS: Parts of discharge laboral transitory incapacity P9. INTERVENTION AND MAIN RESULTS: The gross rate of laboral transitory incapacity is 16.8%. Sex: 67.3% male, 32.7% female. The mean days for episode is 37.42 (DE = 60.47). Female average duration is 10 days more than male. For each year the mean duration increased 1.3 days (r = 0.25; p < 0.05). The 50% episodes has a duration less than two weeks. The three main illness groups are the breathing diseases (VIII), locomotor diseases (XIII) and accidents and traumatism (XVII). Many pathologies are associated with sex and age. Many pathologies have a stational distribution: VIII (p < 0.001), digestive diseases (p < 0.001), mental diseases (p < 0.05) and XVII (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 1) Is interesting the exploration of the information contents in P9 parts. 2) The aged is relationed with during of absenteeism. 3) Many pathologies were associated with the sex and aged of patients. 4) Many pathologies have a stational distribution.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1993

The economic impact of Plasmodium falciparum malaria on education investment: a Pacific Island case study.

A small but intensive study was carried out adopting a simple method which attempts to quantify the economic consequences Plasmodium falciparum malaria on education investment through school pupil absenteeism in a community in Solomon Islands. In a randomized sample of 4,920 cases of P. falciparum malaria in a community, 2,886 occurred in children of primary school age group of 7 to 13 years. On average a case gave rise to a mean school absenteeism of 5.3 days. In the final analysis a total of 11,028 pupil days schooling were lost due to the sampled cases of malaria caused by the species. This is equivalent to 55.14 school pupil years as a child is expected to attend school for 200 days in a year. A primary school teacher with an average annual salary of US$3,990.00 is expected to teach 6,500 school pupil days a year. When this is adopted as an economic indicator for investment in education the loss is calculated to be US$6,769.57 or equivalent to US$1.38 per case. When this is applied nationally, assuming that rates are similar for 79,203 cases of P. falciparum reported in 1990, the total consequence for investment in education is US$108,966.00, which is equivalent to 27.31 teachers being paid for not teaching, an unacceptable impact for a small nation like the Solomon Islands.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1994

[Disease burden of nervous system disorders in The Netherlands].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and the burden of diseases of the nervous system in the Netherlands. DESIGN: Descriptive. SETTING: Institute of Public Health Care, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. METHOD: Data from medical registrations and statistics concerning diseases of the nervous system from different tiers of health care (general practitioners, hospital, nursing homes) and effects on patient and community (mortality, sickness absenteeism, occupational disablement and costs of illness) were analysed. RESULTS: In general practice, 3-5% of total consultation consisted of neurological diseases (450,000-750,000 cases per year), of which migraine and epilepsy instituted a relatively large group. Of all the hospital admissions, 7% were because of a neurological disease. Neurological disease accounted for 70% of all nursing home admissions. Cerebrovascular accident and hernia nuclei pulposi instituted the largest groups in all sectors. Diseases of the nervous system accounted for 14% of total mortality, 6% of total sickness absenteeism and 14% of total health care costs (f 3.8 billion). CONCLUSION: Estimating the burden of diseases is difficult because of imperfect medical registration, variations in structure of patient referral and influence of secondary diagnoses. Taking into account the current aging of the population, the prevalence of some neurological diseases, such as CVA, Parkinson's disease and dementia will rise. Priority setting for care and treatment is hampered by differences in burden of illness on the individual and on the community level.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1994

Effects and control of highland malaria epidemic in Uasin Gishu District, Kenya.

This report documents the effects of malaria epidemic and how it was controlled in one highland district of Kenya. The effects of the epidemic are presented in terms of mortality, morbidity and school absenteeism; information is from routine and verbal reports. Treatment with chloroquine, amodiaquine and sulphonamide pyrimethamine combinations, limited vector control, and health education were used to control the epidemic. Hospital mortality per month increased by 8.6 times during the epidemic while morbidity went up by 3.7 times. Of the 103 deaths attributed to malaria, 64 (62.1%) occurred in hospital and 39 (37.9%) at home. Most of the home deaths (92.3%), occurred in areas that border the malaria endemic Lake Victoria Basin. The rate of pupil absenteeism ranged from 17.6% to 54.4% in primary schools. The policy implications of the report are discussed.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1994

[Short-term occupational disability].

The present political discussion about absenteeism in industry and introduction of days of absence in case of sickness emphasises the amount of short-term sickness cases. More or less openly the misuse of continued salary payment via "unauthorized" working inability is discussed: this is often connected with the increased absenteeism on Mondays and Fridays. From the point of view of the Legal Health Insurances this thesis of misuse is investigated in an analysis of cases of short-term work disability.

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Are day care children often absent because of illness?].

Over an 18-month period, we observed 759 children attending eight day care centres in the Quebec City area to determine the rate of absenteeism due to illness in day care centres. 481 children were absent for a mean duration of 4.1 days. The absenteeism rate was 5.6 days out of a possible 1 000 days of attendance and did not vary with day care centre or age.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1998

[Health effects of occupational diseases diagnosed in Poland during the years 1990 and 1994].

The study was carried out on the material of 15,136 occupational diseases that accounted for 71.9% and 65.6% of all cases detected in 1990 and 1994, respectively. The analysis focused on the selected health effects of occupational diseases, such as sickness absenteeism, the transfer to other workposts, the percentage of health impairment and related single recompensation as well as disability pension. The study helped to draw many conclusions of great value, and disclosed major pathologies and their causes responsible for the range of related health effects. Long-term sickness absenteeism, high percentage of health impairment and related consequences for the country's economy (single recompensations and growing number of disability pensions paid due to occupational diseases), and low proportion of transfers to safe workposts were most striking among the effects in question. The study also contributed to initiating the establishment of the data base and the development of the system for data collection and analysis of information on health effects of occupational diseases in Poland.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2001

Cost-benefit analysis of a strategy to vaccinate healthy working adults against influenza.

BACKGROUND: Influenza is a major cause of illness, disruption to daily life, and work absenteeism among healthy working adults aged between 18 and 64 years. This group is not included among the traditional priority groups for annual vaccination. Immunization rates remain low. OBJECTIVE: To assess the economic implications of a strategy for annual vaccination of this group. METHODS: Using the societal perspective, this cost-benefit analysis included the direct and indirect costs associated with vaccination as well as the direct and indirect costs prevented by vaccination. Clinical and economic variable estimates were derived primarily from the published literature. For this model, it was assumed that vaccination occurred in efficient, low-cost settings such as at the work site. Monte Carlo simulation was used to calculate the mean net costs or savings along with the 95% probability interval, and sensitivity analyses explored the sensitivity of the cost model to different values of the input variables. RESULTS: Vaccinating healthy working adults was on average cost saving, with mean savings of $13.66 per person vaccinated (95% probability interval: net savings of $32.97 to net costs of $2.18), with vaccination generating net savings 95% of the time. The model was most sensitive to the influenza illness rate, the work absenteeism rate due to influenza, and hourly wages. In the worst-case scenario vaccination was not cost saving. Vaccination also generated net costs to society during years with a poor vaccine-circulating virus strain match. In all of the other sensitivity analysis scenarios, vaccination was cost saving. CONCLUSION: Influenza vaccination of healthy working adults on average is cost saving. These findings support a strategy of routine, annual vaccination for this group, especially when vaccination occurs in efficient and low-cost sites.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Adverse work outcomes and events attributed to asthma.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic condition that has been linked to lower employment rates, job effectiveness, productivity and increased absenteeism. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of asthma on work function, workplace events, and career. METHODS: One hundred ninety-six patients in an urban practice completed standardized major and minor life events scales and rated whether adverse work events were caused by asthma. RESULTS: Thirty-eight percent of the patients had either changed jobs, work hours, or work duties, and 65% had taken days off because of asthma. In multivariate analyses, less education, not wanting to work, more comorbidity, prior use of oral corticosteroids, and current use of oral beta agonists and methylxanthines (P < or = 0.05 for all comparisons) were associated with these outcomes. Also, currently working patients were more likely to be using inhaled corticosteroids (P = 0.018). Thirty-nine percent believed asthma had adversely affected their career by causing them to: not pursue a desired career; not get promoted due to absenteeism; change to a worse job; and be perceived as incapable of more responsible assignments. Seven percent had a negative work event in the preceding year that they attributed to asthma, including job loss and unfavorable interactions with co-workers. CONCLUSIONS: Patients attribute daily and long-term adverse work outcomes to asthma. Asthma severity and demographic and occupational characteristics were associated with adverse occurrences.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influenza vaccination of health care workers: evaluation of factors that are important in acceptance.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the associations between putative occupational and epidemiologic determinants and influenza vaccine acceptance among health care workers during two consecutive seasons. METHODS: Multiple logistic regression models were developed to identify predictors of vaccine acceptance during 1991-1992, then validated in the subsequent year. A combined repeated-measures regression model using generalized estimating equations was fit to examine workers' vaccine acceptance over the 2-year period. RESULTS: Nearly one-third of hospital employees received influenza vaccine each year [2,364 of 7,320 (32%) in 1991-1992 vs 2,679 of 8,632 (31%) in 1992-1993]. Independent predictors among nurse clinicians included older age, higher salary, longer employment, and minimal absenteeism. Female sex, marriage, higher salary, and employment duration were independent predictors for professional support staff. Older age was the only independent predictor among nonprofessional staff. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that older individuals, those with higher socioeconomic status, and those employed longer are more likely to accept the influenza vaccine. Sex, marital status, and prior work absenteeism are also important predictors in specific groups of health care workers.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Commuting--a further stress factor for working people: evidence from the European Community. II. An empirical study.

This report summarizes the main results of research promoted by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, concerning the impact of commuting on the health and safety of workers. An empirical study, carried out among 1167 industrial Italian workers, shows that "commuters" (workers whose journey from home to work usually does not take less than 45 min in each direction) experienced a more stressed life-style than did "non commuters" (whose journey does not take more than 20 min). Commuting appears for many workers to be a necessity which is imposed by external factors, such as the housing market and job opportunities. Commuting is shown to interfere with patterns of everyday life by restricting free-time and reducing sleeping time. A majority of commuters use public transport mainly because of cost. Public transport commuters have problems due to more changes between modes, idle waiting times and delays leading to late arrival at work. Inside transport modes, commuters suffered discomfort as a result of overcrowding, microclimatic conditions, noise and vibrations. Commuters also reported higher psychological stress scores, more health complaints, essentially of psychosomatic nature, and greater absenteeism from work due to sickness. Commuting, in addition to shiftwork, further increases sleep problems, psychosomatic complaints and difficulties with family and social life. Women commuters were at a greater disadvantage than men, having more family difficulties, more travelling complaints and higher absenteeism.

Adult↗