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PubMed1997

[Prevalence of intestinal parasitism in the public laboratories of Martinique: development from 1988 to 1995].

This survey drew up the epidemiological situation of intestinal parasitism in Martinique in 1994-1995. 13,978 stool specimens collected in 1994-1995 were tested by parasitologic examination. Stool specimens were from patients hospitalised in the 3 principal hospitals of Martinique or coming to the Laboratoire départemental d'hygiène. The parasitism rate was 8.73%. This study showed a significant reduction of intestinal parasitism between results of 1988 and results of 1994-1995. The oro-faecal parasitism was not very important that reflected the good economic and sanitation level of Martinique. On the other hand, regarding the important prevalence of parasitism with Strongyloïdes stercoralis and hookworm, it would be good to improve detection, sanitary education and know better local contamination factors to decrease the prevalence of this parasitism.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1984

Entamoeba histolytica cyst passers: clinical features and outcome in untreated subjects.

To examine whether Entamoeba histolytica is the cause of a variety of intestinal disorders, as often implicated, a two-part study was conducted. In part 1, 184 patients attending a gastroenterology clinic and needing a sigmoidoscopy had a rectal biopsy specimen and a stool sample cultured for E histolytica. Part of the biopsy specimen was examined histologically. In addition, serum was tested for antibody to E histolytica. 34 (18.7%) patients were culture positive. There was no correlation between the culture results and patients' symptoms except for diarrhoea, which was more common in the culture-negative group, or with histological or serological findings. In the second part of the study, 15 culture-positive patients were followed up untreated for a mean (+/- SD) of 8.6 (+/- 4.9) months, range 1-18. In all 15 patients spontaneous eradication of the parasite occurred, and in none did symptoms of invasive amoebiasis develop. Thus E histolytica seems not to be responsible for many of the bowel complaints commonly attributed to it. In these cyst passers the cysts are probably incidental to an irritable bowel syndrome or some other organic disease. There seems to be little justification for treating cyst passers since eradication of the parasite occurs spontaneously and the danger of invasive amoebiasis is negligible. Such a practice would result in an enormous saving on the cost of drugs.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1983

Intestinal parasitic infections in homosexual men at a San Francisco health fair.

In a sample of homosexual men attending a San Francisco Bay Area health fair, there were strikingly higher prevalence rates of intestinal parasitic infections compared with rates in a control group of health plan members who had a routine multiphasic health examination. Physicians treating homosexual men must be aware of the likelihood of such infections, whether or not the patients are symptomatic.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Adherence-blocking vaccine for amebiasis.

The Gal/GalNAc lectin is a candidate vaccine antigen for an amebiasis vaccine due to its mediation of parasite adherence to the human intestine, because partial immunity in humans is associated with a mucosal IgA response against it, and because it is effective as a vaccine against amebic colitis in the murine model. The LecA domain of the Gal/GalNAc lectin contains neutralizing antibody epitopes. LecA contains the active site of the lectin (the carbohydrate recognition domain or "CRD") and has been an effective vaccine antigen in animal models of amebic colitis and liver abscess. Research needs include production of the LecA domain of the Gal/GalNAc lectin by a process that can be transferred to cGMP and optimization for immunogenicity, using adjuvants such as alum, MF59 or QS-21 adjuvants. Accomplishing this will enable testing of the ability of LecA immunizations to protect from amebic colitis in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Treatment of intestinal parasitic disease.

Although improved sanitation in the United States has resulted in a general diminution in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections, some, such as enterobiasis, are not reduced by improved environmental or water sanitation and others, such as amebiasis and hookworm infection, persist in foci. Other infections, notably giardiasis, have increased due to the travels of American tourists in other countries where environmental sanitation is poor. North American physicians, therefore, may expect at some time to have to treat parasitic infections. Favored chemotherapeutic agents currently are: for amebiasis--metronidazole and diiodohydroxyquin; for giardiasis--metronidazole; for tapeworm infections--niclosamide; for enterobiasis--pyrantel pamoate, piperazine citrate, or pyrvinium pamoate; for ascariasis--piperazine citrate; for stronglyoidiasis--thiabendazole; for trichuriasis--mebendazole; for hookworm infection--pyrantel pamoate; for schistosomiasis japonica--tartar emetic; and for schistosomiasis mansoni--niridazole.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1977

A precipitin test for the diagnosis of human abdominal angiostrongyliasis.

A precipitin reaction was observed when sera of cotton rats infected either naturally or experimentally with Angiostrongylus costaricensis were tested by gel double-diffusion against sera obtained from three biopsy-confirmed human cases of A. costaricensis. With immunoelectrophoresis, the antigen was demonstrated in the serum of infected rats. The antibody in the human serum was mostly of the IgG type. No cross reactions were seen with sera from individuals infected with the common intestinal helminths, or individuals serologically positive for Toxocara, A. cantonensis, Chagas' disease, amebiasis, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, or syphilis.

Abdomen↗