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PubMed1975

[Study of the fructosediphosphate aldolase and transketolase activity in the nystatin producer, Actinomyces noursei].

Activity of transketolase, an enzyme of the pentose cycle and fructosodiphosphataldolase, an enzyme of glycolisis was studied in the dynamics of development of the nystatin-producing organism and its inactive mutant under various conditions of their cultivation with a purpose of finding relation between the antibiotic production and general metabolism of Act. noursei. The transketolase activity of the organism was 2-4 times higher than that of the inactive mutant. Addition of 8000 Units/ml of nystatin to the medium markedly suppressed (50-100 per cent) the aldolase activity, however it had no effect on the transkelotase activity. Possibly the antibiotic accumulated in the mycelium played the role of a regulator of the activity of the enzymes, directing the metabolites along the hexosomonophosphate pathway of carbohydrate dissimilation.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative aspects of the inactivation of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate aldolase by D- and l-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase inactivation by L- and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (Ga 3-P) obeys pseudo first-order kinetics. L-Ga 3-P is much more effective than the D-isomer: the Ki values obtained are 0.032 mM and 0.54 mM respectively. Kinetic analysis suggests that one residue of the active center region is involved in the inactivation mechanism: specifically, a cysteine residue appears to be responsible for the initial inactivation by L-Ga 3-P. Lysine and arginine residues become involved at further steps of the inactivation mechanism. No correlation between loss of thiol groups and decay of catalytic activity was observed for the enzyme treated with D-Ga 3-P. The role of lysine and arginine residues in this reaction is discussed.

Arginine↗
PubMed2000

[Effect of artemether on phosphoglucomutase, aldolase, phosphoglycerate mutase and enolase of Schistosoma japonicum harbored in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of artemether (Art) on phosphoglucomutase (GPM), aldolase (ALD), phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) and enolase (ENO) of Schistosoma japonicum harbored in mice. METHODS: Mice infected with S. japonicum cercariae for 4-5 wk were treated ig with Art 100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg and killed 24 h or 48 h after treatment for collection of worms. The activities of GPM, ALD, PGM and ENO in female and male worms were measured by the formation of NADPH or consumption of NADH. RESULTS: After the worms were exposed in vivo to Art 100 mg/kg for 24 h, the GPM, ALD, PGM and ENO activities in female worms were significantly decreased by 15%, 19%, 50% and 46%, respectively, while in male worms only the PGM and ENO activities were markedly decreased by 22% and 32%, respectively. Following exposure of the worms to Art 100 mg/kg for 48 h, the GPM and ALD activities in male worms were also significantly reduced by 21% and 18%, respectively, while the activities of GPM, ALD, PGM and ENO in female worms and those of PGM and ENO in male worms declined progressively with time. After the worms were exposed in vivo to Art 300 mg/kg for 24-48 h, all the activities of the above-mentioned enzymes in female and male worms declined significantly in a time-related pattern. CONCLUSION: Art showed an apparently inhibitory effect on GPM, ALD, PGM and ENO in female schistosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical significance of aldolase A in sera of patients with leukemia].

Serum aldolase A (ALD-A) levels were determined in patients with leukemia using a radioimmunoassay method. The method is a double antibody radioimmunoassay consisting of purified ALD-A as ligand, chicken antisera to ALD-A and rabbit antibodies to chicken IgG. Serum ALD-A levels of 41 normal healthy subjects ranged from 130 to 210 ng/ml (mean +/- 2 SD; 171 +/- 39 ng/ml). Serum ALD-A levels ranged from 90 to 200 ng/ml in patients with 42 non-neoplastic hematological diseases with the exception of hemolytic anemia. In contrast, 61 patients with acute leukemia before treatment exhibited increased serum ALD-A levels ranging from 125 to 1,550 ng/ml, with a mean value of 480 ng/ml. Serum ALD-A levels in 24 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) during the chronic phase also exhibited high mean values of 481 ng/ml in a range of 270 to 1,100 ng/ml. Serum ALD-A levels were higher than 210 ng/ml in 85.2% of the patients with acute leukemia and in all patients with CML. Serum ALD-A levels tended to be decreased within the normal range, if those patients could achieve complete remission. In contrast, serum ALD-A levels showed a tendency to increase if those patients experienced a relapse of leukemia. These results suggest that the measurement of serum ALD-A levels by radioimmunoassay is useful for diagnosis and prediction of relapse in patients with leukemia.

Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase↗
PubMed2004

[Cloning and expression of aldolase encoding gene of Plasmodium falciparum FCC1/HN strain].

OBJECTIVE: To clone, sequence, and express the aldolase (ALD) encoding gene of Plasmodium falciparum FCC1/HN strain. METHODS: The ALD encoding gene was amplified by PCR from genomic DNA of FCC1/HN strain. The positive clones were screened and identified by agarose gel electrophoresis and endonuclease. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli M15. The fusion protein was expressed by IPTG induction and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and anion exchange column. RESULTS: The ALD gene of P. falciparum was amplified. Analysis of sequencing showed that the ALD gene of P. falciparum was identical with the sequence of other reported isolates. A Mr 41,000 fusion protein was induced by IPTG and was purified by chromatography. CONCLUSION: The ALD gene of P. falciparum FCC1/HN strain was identical to the other reported isolates. ALD fusion protein of P. falciparum was expressed and purified.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Aldolase-catalyzed diketone phosphate formation from oxoaldehydes. NMR studies and metabolic significance.

NMR spectroscopy showed fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from rabbit muscle accepts as substrates, in lieu of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, the oxoaldehydes methylglyoxal and phenylglyoxal but not hydroxymethylglyoxal. The enzyme catalyzed an aldol condensation between the oxoaldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate to form a monophosphorylated diketone and was inactivated in the process. Circumvention of this reaction, by metabolism of oxoaldehydes to hydroxy acids, may be a metabolic role for the glyoxalase enzyme system. Transketolase and transaldolase were found not to accept oxoaldehydes as substrates in place of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effects of stibophen on phosphofructokinases and aldolases of adult filariids.

Trivalent organic antimonials, such as stibophen, have been employed for the chemotherapy of schistosome and filariid infections. The effects of stibophen on adult Litomosoides carinii, Dipetalonema witei (= viteae), and Brugia pahangi were examined. In vitro, lactate accumulation was markedly inhibited by the antimonials as was phosphofructokinase activities in homogenates. Incubation of filariids with stibophen and determination of internal concentrations of hexose phosphate also indicated a decreased phosphofructokinase activity. In addition, a second inhibitory effect of stibophen on aldolase has been observed which appears to be specific for stibophen and is not displayed by potassium antimony tartrate. Both inhibitory activities may contribute to the chemotherapeutic effect of stibophen. In addition to the schistosomes and filariids, stibophen also inhibits Ascaris and Hymenolepis diminuta phosphofructokinases at low concentrations, where no inhibition of the corresponding mammalian liver enzyme was demonstrable.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Alternative splicing of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase transcripts in Drosophila melanogaster predicts three isozymes.

The genes that encode fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase of Drosophila melanogaster have been isolated and characterized. These genes exist in a single copy 8-kilobase pair locus in the Drosophila genome which is located at cytogenetic position 97A-B. The nucleotide sequence and transcript mapping suggest that three overlapping protein isozyme genes may be encoded at this locus. These isozyme genes all share a single promoter, a 5'-untranslated first exon, and two other protein coding exons. The isozyme-specific carboxyl-terminal amino acids are encoded by one of three alternatively utilized fourth exons: 4A, 4B, or 4C by alternative splicing. The transcript containing exon 4C, whose sequence has been reported previously, is abundant throughout development and has a developmental profile similar to other glycolytic gene transcripts; however, it shows developmental specificity in the alternative use of two polyadenylation signals which result in a 2.4-kilobase and a 1.9-kilobase transcript. The transcript containing exon 4B is 1.6 kilobases in size and is most abundant during the larval stages and during the time of eclosion. The transcript containing exon 4A is in low abundance and found only during the adult stage. Sequence comparisons of the alternative fourth exons indicate that the duplication leading to the multiple exons is quite old and preceded the origin of the genus Drosophila.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1976

[Experimental study on aldolase isozyme during the development of hepatoma in the rat (author's transl)].

Aldolase (ALD) consists of three different types of isozyme, i.e. muscle or A type, liver or B type and brain or C type, their relative proportions being fixed for each tissue. In this study, isozyme profiles in the serum and DAB induced hepatoma as it grows were examined in comparison with those in the fetal liver, in the hope to obtain information for early detection of the malady. In the very early phase of hepatoma growth with no elevated enzyme activity, ALD-A fraction after electrophoresis was found to increase. In the course of hepatoma growth, ALD-B decreased while ALD-A increased with appearance of hybrid of ALD-A and ALD-C. In the normal adult liver, no hybrid of ALD-A and ALD-C was encountered. Serum profile of the rat with DAB induced hepatoma was similar to that of the cancer tissue. On the other hand, the fetal liver shows a profile with high ALD-A fraction and even with hybrid of ALD-A and -C. These features disappeared gradually as maturation proceeded and became close to the adult pattern. Thus it is clear that DAB induced hepatoma exhibits retrogressive change in hepatic differentiation in its isozyme profile. The results also indicate usefulness of isozyme profile for early detection of the hepatoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Serum aldolase with creatine kinase in current clinical practice.

To devise a clinical laboratory policy for serum aldolase (ALD) requests, the use of ALD alone and in conjunction with serum creatine kinase (CK) was studied in 126 consecutive patients. Both enzymes were normal in 76 cases (60.3%); CK was normal but ALD was raised in 19 cases (15.1%); ALD was normal but CK raised in nine cases (7.1%); and both were raised in 16 (12.7%). The spectrum of disease was similar irrespective of the enzymes elevated. The role of ALD in the diagnosis and monitoring of muscle disease is in those cases where CK falls within the reference range.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of electric fields on the living organism. III. Activity of fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase and malate dehydrogenase in whole liver homogenate and in subcellular liver fractions in guinea pigs].

Guinea pigs were exposed to electric field of 50 Hz in different times of day. Activity of aldolase and malate dehydrogenase in whole liver homogenate as well as in nuclear, mitochondrial and supernatant liver fractions of guinea pigs was examined. A remarkable increase in enzyme activity in all studied groups was observed which may prove that a relevant electric stimulus can result in certain disorders in carbohydrate changes in liver cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical significance of serum lactate dehydrogenase, phosphohexose isomerase, aldolase and hexokinase in prostatic carcinoma.

The enzyme activities of Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). prostate fluid LDH isoenzymes phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), Aldolase (ALD) and Hexokinase (HK) were determined in the sera of 77 samples of males. There were 12 cases of carcinoma prostate with metastases, 15 without metastases, 25 with benign prostatic hypertrophy and 25 nontumor. The enzyme activities of nontumor and benign group were statistically similar. The prostatic fluid LDH5/LDH1 ratio and PHI has been found to be the most sensitive parameter for detecting carcinoma prostate. Serial determinations of LDH, PHI, ALD and HK were found valuable for following the course of the disease during therapy.

Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase↗
PubMed1978

pH controlled diazo coupling of aldolase. Selective formation of diazothioether chromophores and retention of enzyme activity.

pH Conditions have been found which achieve selective reaction of diazotized p-amino benzoate with cysteine residues of rabbit muscle aldolase. The difference in reactivity of the two sulphydryl groups involved, (Cys--237 and Cys--287) permits one to form either four or eight diazothioethers on the tetrameric enzyme and obtain a homogeneous protein. In both cases the enzyme became slightly more active in the fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate cleavage, the KM value being retained. The results have been discussed with regard to chemically modifying an enzyme to change its physical, chemical and immunological properties, whilst leaving the catalytical activity unmodified.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Molecular analysis of aldolase B genes in the diagnosis of hereditary fructose intolerance in the United Kingdom.

To investigate the molecular basis of hereditary fructose intolerance, we have studied 12 British patients, all of whom were found to carry a single mutation in the gene coding for aldolase B. We have estimated the frequency of this lesion, termed A149P, amongst affected individuals in the population and predict that a diagnosis may be made non-invasively in more than 83 per cent of cases by demonstrating the presence of this allele. Genetic diagnosis and detection of asymptomatic carriers of the disease may be achieved by the specific amplification of DNA derived from mouthwash samples followed by hybridization to allele-specific oligonucleotides.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Aldolase activity and the lactate level in the cord blood as objective indicators of the status of newborn infants by the Apgar score].

In 63 newborns with general clinical status evaluated by means of the Apgar score the lactate level and aldolase activity were determined in cord blood. A greatly raised mean level of both these biochemical indicators of tissue hypoxia was demonstrated in newborns with low Apgar score. A considerable scatter of the determined biochemical parameters was noted in newborns born in serious condition and having identical low Apgar score.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1989

[Cerebrospinal fluid level of aldolase C in patients with various neurological disorders: comparison with neuron-specific enolase, S-100b protein and creatine kinase BB isoenzyme].

By employing a highly sensitive immunoassay method, concentration of aldolase C (Ald C) was determined in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 180 patients with various neurological disorders and 46 age-and-sex matched control subjects. The results were compared with CSF levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S-100b proteins (S-100b) and creatine kinase BB isoenzyme (CK-BB) in the same samples. Normal level of Ald C was 7.95 +/- 2.52 (mean +/- SD) ng/ml. CSF level of Ald C was elevated not only in patients with acute disorders, but also those of degenerative diseases. It increased significantly in purulent meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral infarction, and cervical spondylosis as compared with control subjects. The levels of Ald C were reached the peak levels later than those of NSE, S-100b and CK-BB. Concentration of Ald C in CSF correlated well with that of NSE but poorly with that of S-100b or CK-BB. These results suggested that Ald C in CSF was one of the useful marker in neurological disorders. Since these proteins have different distributions in the central nervous system and have different molecular weights, simultaneous determination of Ald C, NSE, S-100b and CK-BB levels in CSF might provide valuable information about pathologic nature of the underlying neurological disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of nitroammofoska on the aldolase activity of the normal hemolymph in the mollusk Planorbarius banaticus and in trematode invasion].

The infection of Planorbarius banaticus with sporocysts of Cotylurus cornutus is accompanied by an increase in aldolase activity of molluscs' haemolymph of 1.2 fold. In solutions of nitroammofoska (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/1) the activity of this ferment in infected individuals increases much higher than in non-infected ones. This results in fast carbohydrate expenditures by molluscs, intermediate hosts of trematodes, and their death from exhaustion.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

In vivo processing of rat aldolase B mRNA precursor.

Processed intermediates of aldolase B mRNA precursor in nuclei were analysed by hybridization with cDNA or intron-specific DNAs. The results indicated that there is, in part, a preferred order in the removal of eight introns from the primary transcript. The largest intron (IVS 1) may be selectively eliminated at an earlier step during the processing, while others (IVS 2 and IVS 7) are not. In addition, the data suggest that the removal of four to five introns from the precursor occurs rapidly after transcription, and that the resulting partially processed molecules persist rather stably before being completely processed.

Animals↗