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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Differential expression of the cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin in normal and posttransplantation myocardium. Cell adhesion molecule expression in human cardiac allografts.

BACKGROUND: Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) have been implicated in cardiac allograft rejection. However, previous studies have used qualitative analysis of immunohistochemical data and did not exclude patients with infection or malignancy. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed 40 endomyocardial biopsy specimens from 25 cardiac transplant patients and 8 specimens from patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Patients with evidence of infection or malignancy were excluded. Specimens were stained with monoclonal antibodies against ICAM-1, E-selectin, VCAM-1, and PECAM-1 (which labels all vessels). ICAM-1 expression was assessed by counting ICAM-1-positive vessels and dividing by the total number of vessels (measured by PECAM staining). Specimens were scored as positive or negative for VCAM-1 and E-selectin. We also determined whether serum-soluble ICAM-1 levels (sICAM) correlated with rejection by evaluating 145 serum specimens from 48 cardiac transplant patients and 8 specimens from patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. ICAM-1 was present on 50% to 60% of vessels in normal and nonrejecting specimens. Specimens with histologically significant rejection (focal moderate, moderate, or severe) had an increased percentage of ICAM-1-positive vessels: focal moderate, 77%; moderate/severe, 92% (P < .01). E-selectin expression did not differ between groups. VCAM-1 frequently was not present on rejecting specimens. No correlation was noted between sICAM levels and the presence or absence of rejection. CONCLUSIONS: (1) ICAM-1 expression is strongly correlated with histologically significant cardiac allograft rejection. (2) The use of PECAM-1 staining as a vascular marker permits quantitative analysis of ICAM-1 expression. (3) VCAM-1 and E-selectin are not consistently increased during cardiac allograft rejection. (4) sICAM levels do not accurately reflect endomyocardial biopsy results.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed2005

The spermatogenic Ig superfamily/synaptic cell adhesion molecule mast-cell adhesion molecule promotes interaction with nerves.

Nerve-mast cell interaction is involved in both homeostatic and pathologic regulations. The molecules that sustain this association have not been identified. Because synaptic cell adhesion molecule (SynCAM), alternatively named spermatogenic Ig superfamily (SgIGSF), is expressed on both nerves and mast cells and because it binds homophilically, this molecule may be a candidate. To examine this possibility, mast cells with or without SgIGSF/SynCAM were cocultured with superior cervical ganglion neurons that express SgIGSF/SynCAM, and the number of mast cells attached to neurites was counted. The attachment of mast cells with SgIGSF/SynCAM, i.e., bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) from wild-type mice, was inhibited dose-dependently by blocking Ab to SgIGSF/SynCAM. Mast cells without SgIGSF/SynCAM, i.e., BMMC from microphthalmia transcription factor-deficient mice and BMMC-derived cell line IC-2 cells, were defective in attachment to neurite, and transfection with SgIGSF/SynCAM normalized this. When the nerves were specifically activated by scorpion venom, one-quarter of the attached IC-2 cells mobilized Ca(2+) after a few dozen seconds, and ectopic SgIGSF/SynCAM doubled this proportion. At points of contact between neurites and wild-type BMMC, SgIGSF/SynCAM was locally concentrated in both neurites and BMMC. SgIGSF/SynCAM on mast cells appeared to predominantly mediate attachment and promote communication with nerves.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Adhesion-linked kinases in cancer; emphasis on src, focal adhesion kinase and PI 3-kinase.

Our understanding of the complex signal transduction pathways involved in signalling within cancer cells, between cancer cells and between cancer cells and their environment has increased dramatically in recent years. Here we concentrate on three non-receptor kinases: Src, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). These form part of a complex network of intracellular signals which is thought to be important in regulating cancer cells.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed2001

In an adhesion dependent human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line, integrin ligation without adhesion rescues from anoikis but is not sufficient for cell cycle progression.

STAD cells are the adherent parental apoptotic line from which two sublines were cloned that differed in their response to suspended culturing conditions, one clone STAD.APO is apoptotic and the other STAD.ARR goes into cell cycle arrest. Using this system we have found that the addition of soluble collagen can rescue STAD and STAD.APO cells from anoikis, and it can also affect STAD.ARR cells by overcoming the suspension induced cell cycle arrest. In contrast, when cells were cultured with a soluble anti-beta1 integrin mAb 33B6, the apoptotic clones again were rescued from anoikis, but the cell cycle arresting clone remained quiescent. This result was somewhat surprising as it is generally accepted that cytoskeletal rearrangements that accompany integrin mediated adhesion and cell shape changes are required for the abrogation of anoikis, and it was unexpected that differences in the mechanism used for integrin triggering would yield variable results on growth regulation. This observation led us to further examine whether the addition of a monovalent anti-beta1 integrin agent could produce similar results as intact mAb. Therefore we employed Fab fragments of 33B6 in our culturing assay and found that indeed monovalent binding was capable of saving STAD and STAD.APO cells from anoikis but did not have an effect on STAD.ARR cells. Therefore in this study we have observed that integrin mediated dependent survival can occur by mere ligation of the beta1 integrin subunit, but that cell cycle arrest due to suspended conditions can not. Thus integrins can play differential roles in cell fate decisions and mediate these effects by different mechanisms.

Actins↗
PubMed1999

Up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) and class II MHC molecules on pulmonary artery endothelial cells by antibodies against U1-ribonucleoprotein.

In order to elucidate the pathogenic role(s) of autoantibodies in connective tissue disease (CTD), we examined whether autoantibodies against U1-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and double-stranded (ds) DNA can up-regulate ICAM-1, ELAM-1 and class I and II MHC molecule expression on pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC). ICAM-1, ELAM-1 and class II MHC molecule expression on HPAEC cultured in the presence of anti-U1-RNP-containing and anti-dsDNA-containing IgG from CTD patients was up-regulated significantly in comparison with that on HPAEC cultured with IgG from normal healthy volunteers. Affinity chromatographic enrichment and depletion of the anti-U1-RNP antibody content of anti-U1-RNP-containing IgG confirmed that the anti-U1-RNP antibody did up-regulate ICAM-1, ELAM-1 and class II MHC molecule expression. The finding that an IgG F(ab')2-purified anti-U1-RNP antibody also up-regulated expression of these molecules may indicate that mechanisms other than Fc receptor-mediated stimulation are involved. These in vitro findings suggest that autoantibodies against U1-RNP and dsDNA play important roles in the immunopathological processes leading to the proliferative pulmonary arterial vasculopathy observed in CTD patients with pulmonary hypertension by up-regulating adhesion and class II MHC molecule expression on endothelial cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Molecular cloning and adhesive properties of murine platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1.

We describe the isolation and characterization of a functional murine platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) 1 cDNA clone from a mouse lung library. At the nucleotide level, the coding sequence of murine PECAM-1 is 73% identical to human PECAM-1, and at the amino acid level, the sequence is 79% homologous to its human counterpart. Southern hybridization reveals that one copy of the gene exists in the mouse genome; Northern hybridization reveals a single mRNA species in mouse lung tissue. COS-7 and mouse L cells transfected with murine PECAM-1 expressed a 130-kDa glycoprotein on their surfaces that reacted with anti-murine PECAM-1 monoclonal antibody and comigrated on SDS/PAGE with human PECAM-1. Stable L-cell transfectants aggregate with each other in a PECAM-dependent, homophilic manner.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of divalent cations on the affinity and selectivity of alpha4 integrins towards the integrin ligands vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1: Ca2+ activation of integrin alpha4beta1 confers a distinct ligand specificity.

A microtiter plate assay measuring the binding of cells expressing integrins alpha4beta1 or alpha4beta7 to VCAM-1 and MAdCAM-1, expressed as Ig fusion proteins, was used to explore the interplay between the variables of integrin beta-chain, identity and density of ligand, and identity and concentration of activating cations. Both Mn2+ and Mg2+ supported binding of either integrin to either ligand. Ca2+ supported only the binding of alpha4beta1 to VCAM-Ig. Cation concentrations required for half-maximal binding (EC50) ranged from 0.8-280 microM for Mn2+ and 0.8-30 mM for Mg2+, being thus 2-3 logs lower for Mn2+ compared to Mg2+ independent of ligand. EC50 values for binding of alpha4beta1 to VCAM-Ig were 30-45-fold lower compared to MAdCAM-Ig, while alpha4beta7 showed an opposite 3-15-fold selectivity for MAdCAM-Ig over VCAM-Ig. The density of ligand required for adhesion via alpha4beta1 was markedly lower with Mn2+ versus Mg2+, and with VCAM-Ig versus MAdCAM-Ig. These results were interpreted in terms of a coupled equilibrium model, in which binding of activating metal ions and of integrin ligands each stabilizes activated integrin. We conclude that Mn2+ and Mg2+ bind to common regulatory sites with different affinities, producing similar activated states of the integrin. The resulting activated alpha4beta1 binds more strongly to VCAM-Ig versus MAdCAM-Ig by 30-45-fold, while similarly activated alpha4beta7 binds more strongly to MAdCAM-Ig versus VCAM-Ig by 3-15-fold. Inhibition studies showed that Ca2+ also binds to regulatory sites on both integrins. However, the Ca2+-activated state of alpha4beta1 is distinct from that achieved by Mn2+ and Mg2+, possessing increased selectivity for binding to VCAM-1 versus MAdCAM-1.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

Endothelial cell leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in gingival tissue during health and experimentally-induced gingivitis.

The changes in vascular adhesion molecule expression and numbers of infiltrating leukocytes during a 21-day experimental gingivitis episode were investigated immunohistochemically. Monoclonal antibodies to ELAM-1 (1.2B6), ICAM-1 (6.5B5), CD3 (OKT3-pan-T cell) and neutrophils (PMN-elastase) were used to identify positive vessels and leukocytes within gingival biopsies taken on d 0, 7, 14 and 21. Vascular endothelium expressed ELAM-1 and ICAM-1 both in clinically 'healthy' tissue (d 0) and in experimentally inflamed tissue (d 7 to 21). Positive vessels were found mainly in the connective tissue subjacent to the junctional epithelium where the highest numbers of T cells and neutrophils were also seen. Although T cells were found in all tissue areas studied, neutrophils were largely concentrated in the junctional epithelium and the subjacent connective tissue but were absent from the oral epithelial region. As the experimental gingivitis developed, the number of T cells or neutrophils in the different tissue regions did not change significantly although the most intense vascular ICAM-1 and ELAM-1 staining redistributed to the CT adjacent to the junctional epithelium. A prominent feature was the intense ICAM-1 positive staining of the junctional epithelium and its absence in the closely adjacent oral epithelium, in both clinically 'healthy' and inflamed tissue. The gradient of ICAM-1 in junctional epithelium, with the strongest staining on the crevicular aspect plus the vascular expression of ELAM-1 and ICAM-1 in both clinically 'healthy' and inflamed tissue may be crucial processes which direct leukocyte migration towards the gingival crevice.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

The cell and molecular basis of leukocyte common antigen (CD45)-triggered, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1-/intercellular adhesion molecule-1-dependent, leukocyte adhesion.

We recently reported that cross-linking the leukocyte common antigen (CD45) can rapidly induce aggregation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells via lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) interactions. Herein, we have examined both T-cell--monocyte cellular interactions and the molecular signaling that are involved in this phenomenon. Experiments using highly purified T lymphocytes showed that CD45-induced aggregation requires the presence of both T cells and monocytes. Cross-linking CD45 only on T lymphocytes, but not on monocytes, initiated cellular clustering after reconstituting to the respective untreated cell type. By several criteria, CD45-induced clustering of T cells to autologous monocytes was shown to be Fc-receptor--independent. When comparing intracellular signaling in leukocyte aggregation induced by CD45 cross-linking versus phorbol myristate-12-13-acetate (PMA) treatment, the former was found to be fivefold to 10-fold more sensitive to H-8, a reagent that effectively blocks cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases. On the other hand, reagents that increase intracellular cAMP levels (eg, dbcAMP, forskolin, and IBMX), protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors (eg, staurosporine), and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (eg, herbimycin A and genistein) all readily inhibited PMA-induced, but not CD45 monoclonal antibody-induced, aggregation. We conclude that cross-linking the leukocyte common antigen on T cells induces LFA-1--/ICAM-1--dependent T-cell--monocyte aggregation through a unique signaling pathway independent of PKC, which involves instead cAMP-/cGMP-dependent protein kinases.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1993

Canine neutrophil adhesion proteins and Fc-receptors in healthy dogs and dogs with adhesion protein deficiency, as studied by flow cytometry.

Murine monoclonal anti-human antibodies directed against neutrophil adhesion protein receptors CD35, CD18, CD11b, CD11c and the Fc-receptors CD64 (Fc gamma RI), CD32 (FC gamma RII) and CD16 (Fc gamma RIII) were evaluated regarding their ability to bind to the canine homologues. The antibodies against CD35, CD18, CD11b, CD11c and CD16 could be used to evaluate the expression of canine homologues. The routine of using frozen cells and thereby avoiding methodological errors, when samples are stained at different times, was evaluated by comparison of receptor expression in frozen and fresh samples from the same dogs. All receptors were expressed consistently on the cell surface on frozen and fresh neutrophils with the exception of CD16, which showed decreased expression in frozen cells. The expression of CD11c on neutrophils from dogs with canine leucocyte adhesion deficiency (CLAD) was analyzed and there was no difference in receptor expression between CLAD-puppies and healthy controls. CD11b/CD18 expression on neutrophil samples from three parents of CLAD-puppies, i.e. heterozygotes, did not differ from receptor expression in normal controls. Analysis of the Fc-receptor expression on neutrophils from CLAD-puppies showed that the expression of CD16 tended to be decreased in patients compared with controls.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Morbid adhesion of the placenta after hysteroscopic lysis of intrauterine adhesions.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of morbidly adherent placenta in a patient who had previously undergone hysteroscopic lysis of intrauterine adhesions. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Large district general hospital within the National Health Service in the U.K. PATIENT(S): A healthy 32-year-old woman who had conceived following hysteroscopic lysis of intrauterine adhesions. INTERVENTION(S): Watchful expectancy following the diagnosis of morbidly adherent placenta immediately after delivery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Retention of the uterus and therefore reproductive function. RESULT(S): Successful resolution of the retained placenta following watchful expectancy. CONCLUSION(S): Watchful expectancy is a valid option in the management of a morbidly adherent placenta.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Influence of Carisolv on resin adhesion for two different adhesive systems to sound human primary dentin and young permanent dentin.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the influence of Carisolv (Medi Team) for resin adhesion to sound human primary and young permanent dentin. METHODS: The buccal surfaces of 28 primary molars and 64 premolars were used. Two adhesive systems and resin composites were used; SE: Clearfil SE (Kuraray) and Clearfil APX (Kuraray), and SB: Single Bond (3M) and Z250 (3M). Six groups were prepared. Groups 1-2 were primary dentin and Groups 3-6 were permanent dentin. Groups 1 and 3: SE was used. Groups 2 and 4: treated with Carisolv and then primed, SE was used. Group 5: SB was used. Group 6: treated with Carisolv and then etched, SB was used. The microstructural effects of primer or etchant, and Carisolv plus primer or etchant applied to dentin were evaluated by SEM. In addition, the microstructure of the resin-dentin interfaces of each group was studied using SEM. Shear bond strengths (SBS) were tested, and the failed surfaces were observed using SEM. Data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA with subsequent application of Fisher's PLSD at p<0.05. RESULTS: The mean SBS (unit: MPa) of Groups 1-6 were: 27.8, 19.2, 21.3, 21.7, 6.7 and 7.6. The SBS of Group 2 was significantly lower than that of Group 1. There was no significant difference of the SBS among Groups 1 and 4, 2, 3 and 4, and 5 and 6. In SE groups, the hybrid layer for primary dentin was thicker than that for permanent dentin. CONCLUSIONS: Carisolv treatment before priming significantly decreased the SBS to primary dentin in SE groups, but did not influence the SBS to permanent dentin in both SE and SB groups.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2001

Repair of bilateral clefts of lip, alveolus and palate Part 2: Concomitant lip closure and columella lengthening after lip adhesion.

Lip repair and synchronous columella lengthening in bilateral clefts of the lip, alveolus and palate following lip adhesion according to the method outlined in Part 1 is described in this part of the paper. Together with lip and nose repair the gingivo-periosteoplasty can also be performed when the alveolar process is perfectly aligned and the greater and lesser segments abutt onto each other. Copyright 2001 European Association for Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Localization of the adhesion receptor glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex to lipid rafts is required for platelet adhesion and activation.

The platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex mediates the attachment of platelets to the blood vessel wall by binding von Willebrand factor (VWF), an interaction that also transmits signals for platelet activation and aggregation. Because the complex is extensively palmitoylated, a modification known to target proteins to lipid rafts, we investigated the role of raft localization in GP Ib-IX-V functions. In unstimulated platelets, a minor portion of the complex localized to Triton-insoluble raft fractions; this portion increased three to sixfold with platelet activation by VWF. Raft-associated GP Ib-IX-V was selectively palmitoylated, with GP Ib-IX-V-associated palmitate increasing in the raft fraction on VWF-mediated activation. The raft fraction was also the site of association between GP Ib-IX-V and the Fc receptor FcgammaRIIA. The importance of this association was demonstrated by the ability of the FcgammaRIIA antibody IV.3 to inhibit shear-induced platelet aggregation. Disruption of rafts by depleting membrane cholesterol impaired several GP Ib-IX-V-dependent platelet fractions: aggregation to VWF under static conditions and under shear stress, tyrosine phosphorylation, and adhesion to a VWF surface. Partial restoration of membrane cholesterol content partially restored shear-induced platelet aggregation and tyrosine phosphorylation. Thus, localization of the GP Ib-IX-V complex within rafts is crucial for both platelet adhesion and postadhesion signaling.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1999

Cleft lip and palate treated by presurgical orthopedics, gingivoperiosteoplasty, and lip adhesion (POPLA) compared with previous lip adhesion method: a preliminary study of serial dental casts.

Comparing the treatment protocols for cleft lip and palate requires a study of facial growth and development. Serial orthodontic study models aid in delineating the effects of surgery on maxillary mandibular relationships. In 1978, a new protocol, POPLA (presurgical orthopedics followed by periosteoplasty and lip adhesion), was developed and put into practice. This article compares the results obtained using POPLA (group I) with those using the previous method (lip adhesion alone) (group II) for cases of unilateral and bilateral clefts. Complete orthodontic study models were available for 124 patients, 63 in group I and 61 in group II. Specific timing sequences and surgical details are discussed. Dental cast analyses evaluated alveolar gap, arch width, anteroposterior distance, incisor crossbite (single tooth and multiple tooth), and buccal crossbite (single and multiple tooth) at birth and at 3, 6, and 9 years of age. X-ray studies evaluated the bony bridge. Additional comments are made regarding the incidents and effects of pharyngeal flaps and bone grafts on maxillary-mandibular relationships. Results included less buccal crossbite in the POPLA group, with a wider transverse distance of the upper dental arch. There was a greater frequency of anterior crossbite in the POPLA group, and the anteroposterior distance was shorter at 6 years of age but less so by age 9. This may be because of the different orthodontic care received by the patients in the two groups. In conclusion, the POPLA approach achieves the main goal of moving the palate into a normal position and stabilizing the arch with a bony bridge that attracts teeth. It avoids the difficult anterior fistulae and presents a more symmetrical platform upon which the lip can be united and the nose can be corrected early.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1994

Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of Nectria haematococca Strains with Adhesive and Adhesion-Reduced Macroconidia.

A previous study reported the isolation of two mutants (LE1 and LE2) of the plant pathogenic fungus Nectria haematococca (anamorph, Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae) with macroconidia with reduced ability to adhere (Att) to zucchini fruits and polystyrene. The adhesion-reduced-phenotype in LE1 and LE2 macroconidia is temperature sensitive and dependent on the concentration of nutrients. Classical genetic analysis of progeny derived from LE1 identified a mutation in a genetic locus, named Att1. The 90-kDa glycoprotein and macroconidial tip mucilage which were previously associated with the development of adhesion competence in Att macroconidia are specifically associated with macroconidia; neither is produced on microconidia, which are relatively nonadherent. However, macroconidia of both Att and Att strains produce the 90-kDa glycoprotein and the macroconidial tip mucilage.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Progress of Cell Adhesion Mediated Signal-Focal Adhesion Kinase.

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is an important component in integrin mediated cell adhesion. It has tyrosine kinase activity and is capable of self-phosphorylation. New members of FAK family have been found recently with similar function of FAK. FAK can suppress cell apoptosis and also is a substrate of caspase. As a signaling molecule, FAK takes crosstalk with other signal transduction pathways within cell. It regulates various cell effects directly.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Self-etching adhesives: review of adhesion to tooth structure part I.

UNLABELLED: Self-etching adhesives with their easy handling technique and promise of no post-op sensitivity are increasingly popular among dental practitioners. As with any new bonding material, in vitro and in vivo investigations are required to assess the clinical efficacy of these systems. OBJECTIVES: The current literature was reviewed to provide information about these systems in terms of: etching of and adhesion to prepared and unprepared enamel, primary enamel and sclerotic or caries-affected dentine. DATA SOURCES: Published abstracts and research papers on laboratory studies, as well as reviews available in the dental literature. CONCLUSIONS: Although the etching aggressiveness of self-etching systems can be used to predict the depth of demineralisation of tooth structure and the ultra-structure and thickness of the hybrid layer, it cannot be correlated to the bond strengths obtained on enamel and dentine. A certain mild two-step self-etching system, for example, consistently provides similar or higher bond strengths than more aggressive self-etching systems in laboratory studies. Where either intact enamel or sclerotic or caries-affected dentine is involved, self-etching systems generally provide lower bond strengths than total-etch systems; therefore coarsening of tooth structure, extra etching time or an extra application of the primer is recommended.

Acid Etching, Dental↗