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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Laparoscopy in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen].

The work analyses the results of emergency laparoscopy in 4,730 patients with acute surgical pathology of the abdominal organs. There were 26.3% of males and 73.7% of females; 26.5% of patients were of an elderly age. Laparoscopy was undertaken in all cases in which the diagnosis was questionable but the clinical picture was that of "acute abdomen" and in patients with an established diagnosis for conducting therapeutic manipulations: microcholecystostomy, drainage of the abdominal cavity. The authors show differential endoscopic signs of some acute surgical diseases of the abdominal organs. Laparoscopy confirmed the clinical diagnosis in 45.5% of cases and revealed indications for an emergency operation in 896 patients (33.8%). Laparoscopic microcholecystostomy was performed 137 times and drainage of the abdominal cavity 398 times. The diagnostic value of laparoscopy came to 97.1% on the average.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1994

[Volvulus of the small intestine as a surgical rarity in acute abdomen. Analysis of 47 cases].

In North America and Europe small bowel volvulus is a sporadic form of mechanical intestinal obstruction. Diagnostic problems may occur. The clinical presentation is that of an acute abdomen. The cause of symptoms may be due to narrowing of the bowel itself, or strangulation of the blood supply, or both. The types (primary and secondary) and incidence of small bowel volvulus are age-related and demonstrate astonishing geographical differences. Goals for treatment of small bowel volvulus should include physician awareness and accurate work-up of this uncommon diagnosis.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1994

Ultrasound scanning of the acute abdomen by surgeons in training.

Ultrasound is widely used in the investigation of abdominal symptoms. Its increasing popularity may lead to pressure on radiological services, diagnostic delay and prolonged hospital stay. Immediate imaging performed by radiologists can contribute useful information in acute emergencies. This study assessed the accuracy and value of abdominal ultrasonography when carried out by admitting surgeons. Three surgical registrars were first instructed for two half days by a consultant radiologist. Patients with acute symptoms were scanned at the time of initial presentation using an Aloka SSD-620 scanner with 3.5 and 5 MHz probes. A total of 205 scans was performed--124 of the upper and 81 of the lower abdomen. Immediate ultrasound provided information that contributed to the establishment or refutal of a diagnosis in 138 patients (67.3%), predominantly by confirming or excluding hepatobiliary disease, tubo-ovarian pathology or aortic aneurysms and in blunt abdominal trauma. The diagnosis was altered in a small proportion (7.8%). Scanning proved unhelpful in 62 patients and misleading in five. Findings concurred with those of a radiologist in 86% of the 139 patients subsequently scanned. Abdominal ultrasound is a useful tool in the hands of surgeons dealing with emergencies and may occasionally provide vital information. If access to radiological facilities is delayed, ultrasound by the admitting surgeon could lead to improved patient management and cost savings.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1994

The acute abdomen in individuals with AIDS.

Both AIDS-related infections and neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract may be manifest by a clinical picture of acute abdominal disease. Severe abdominal pain may be seen in this population even in the absence of true surgical complications such as perforation, abscess formation, or obstruction. Localizing signs and symptoms are frequently misleading due to underlying immunosuppression, debilitation, and prior or current antibiotic use. CT assumes a critical role in evaluation of the symptomatic AIDS patient, providing evaluation of the entire abdomen and pelvis including lymph nodes, solid viscera, and the bowel itself. CT is thus the modality of choice for characterization of AIDS-related abdominal disease and for direction of appropriate therapy.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

[Ultrasound diagnosis of the acute abdomen].

In addition to plain X-ray of the abdomen, ultrasonography has proven to be an accurate complementary imaging method in acute abdominal disorders. It may furnish not only additional information but also the final diagnosis in many cases (i.e. acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, diverticulitis, appendicitis and gynecological diseases). Ultrasound is the method of first choice especially in children, adolescents, young women and when inflammation appears to be the reason for acute abdominal pain. In this paper, the main indications for ultrasound in acute abdominal diseases are pointed out. The most common diseases are shown with their typical ultrasound appearances in short overviews. Particular reference is made to a critical approach, emphasizing relevant further investigations.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1993

[Syndrome of "Pseudo acute abdomen" in minor craniocerebral injury].

In 112 sufferers with light craniocerebral trauma, laparocentesis, or microlaparotomy was performed for "pseudoacute abdomen". The main causes of the development of the syndrome were distinguished: fracture or contusion of the bones, contusion of the abdominal wall and organs of the abdominal cavity, exacerbation of chronic disease of the abdominal cavity, injury to the organs adjacent to the diaphragm.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1976

[Acute abdomen masking pyelonephritis (author's transl)].

Analysis of 10 case histories shows that the picture of the acute abdomen may predominate in acutely exacerbated pyelonephritis. Viscero-dermal reflexes with hyperalgesia and muscular defense, visero-visceral organ reflexes with shock, vomiting, meteorism and disturbances of intestinal motility and metabolic acidosis are temptations to laparotomy. Fever in particular, pathological urinalysis, renal acidosis and occasionally hyperchloremia suggest the diagnosis of "abdominal type of acutely exacerbated pyelonephritis".

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1994

[Liposuction in the plastic surgery of the abdomen. Focus on technical aspects and indications].

The contribution of liposuction has transformed the plastic surgery of the abdomen, by allowing to broaden the indications and by improving a great deal the quality of the results. The most delicate question in this field and in a large number of the cases comes down to making a choice between an isolated abdominal liposuction and an abdominal liposuction associated to a cutaneous reduction plasty. Our experience during these last years has shown us that very good results in isolated abdominal liposuction could be achieved even in patients whom skin elasticity tests were fairly favourable. These results encourage us to broaden markedly the indications of isolated abdominal liposuction, even in intermediate or borderline cases: it is necessary though, to perfectly inform the patient with whom we have a true confidence agreement, even if it means in some cases a second surgical procedure: either a complementary liposuction or a secondary cutaneous reduction plasty.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrasonographic data of the solid organs of the abdomen in stage IV human immunodeficiency virus infection. A prospective study of 101 cases in central Africa].

A systematic abdominal study of the solid organs of the abdomen (liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys) carried out in one hundred patients from Central Africa suffering from full blown AIDS revealed disseminated hyperechoic liver in 37 cases and hypoechoic nodules of the spleen in 10 cases. The combination with abdominal adenopathy and/or serous exudates (peritoin, pleura, pericardium) suggested disseminated tuberculosis. Twenty of the 37 patients with diffusely hyperechoic liver presented within tuberculosis which was confirmed by bacteriological data (AARB present in the sputum) in 13 cases. Of the 10 patients presenting with hypoechoic nodules of the spleen, 5 presented with confirmed tuberculosis. These 10 patients were all considered to have disseminated tuberculosis. In view of the current high incidence of extrapulmonary or disseminated tuberculosis occurring in a context of AIDS and the relative infrequency of positive tests for Mycobacterium, abdominal ultrasound must be coupled with chest X-rays in screening and prompt follow-up for TB instigated in HIV-positive adult Africans.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1993

Peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: the pseudo-surgical abdomen.

In this work, 12 patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with peritonitis showing clinical symptomatology of "acute surgical abdomen" were studied. The infective cause of peritonitis was Staphylococcus epidermidis (eight cases) and Staphylococcus aureus (four cases). All patients, under strict and continuous observation, were managed with conventional chemotherapy and showed improvement within 6 to 24 hours. The need of prompt recognition and correct evaluation of this condition by surgeons familiar with it is emphasized in order to avoid an unnecessary surgical procedure.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1993

[Diverticulitis of the appendix: a rare cause of acute abdomen].

Diverticulosis of the vermiform appendix, either single or multiple, congenital or acquired, is rather infrequent and usually asymptomatic. However, it may be complicated by flogosis configuring an acute abdomen hardly recognizable from an acute appendicitis not related to the diverticular disease. The Authors report a case of acute appendicular diverticulitis surgically treated. A brief review of the literature is also reported.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1993

Delayed splenic rupture: an unusual cause of the acute surgical abdomen.

The diagnosis of delayed rupture of the spleen may be difficult to make because of the presumed triviality of the precipitating injury, an unpredictable time lag between the injury and the development of symptoms, and the possibility of atypical signs and symptoms remote from the bleeding spleen. The clinician may confuse the signs and symptoms with those of acute appendicitis or with some other cause. The authors present two case histories to illustrate the diagnostic difficulties caused by delayed rupture of the spleen. Whenever the acute surgical abdomen is present with concomitant anemia, the diagnosis of delayed rupture of the spleen should be considered.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1993

[MR angiography of the abdomen].

The two techniques currently most often used for MR angiography, those based on time-of-flight effects and on phase-contrast, are introduced, and our results with three-dimensional phase contrast angiography of the abdomen are presented. Several basic differences from other imaging procedures render MR angiography clinically useful for screening for renal artery stenosis in critical situations, such as renal failure or intolerance to contrast agents. In the future, the spectrum of applications of MR angiography will broaden and include other indications, such as portal venous hypertension and follow-up studies after surgical portal systemic shunting.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1994

[Peritoneal mesothelioma as a rare case of acute abdomen. Review of the literature].

Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm with generic and non-specific symptoms. In some cases it is associated with various and particular clinical syndromes. These findings make it so insidious that the diagnosis is rarely make the preoperative course. Usually, there has been previous exposure to asbestos, during even if other causes are reported. Rarely, a peritoneal mesothelioma appears with signs and symptoms suggestive of acute abdomen, such as the present case. On admission the patient presented clinical features apparently requiring emergency surgery. In fact, at laparotomy, the tumour, arising from the mesenterium, had perforated the peritoneal cavity and communicated with the digiunal lumen, causing a septic hemoperitoneum. A radical resection was performed and the continuity of the intestinal tract was restored through an end-to-end entero-anastomosis. The patient, with a history of exposure to asbestos, was alive four years later. But over the last twelve months diffuse metastasis has occurred in the lung and liver, and there was no response to systemic chemotherapy. This case may be considered singular of the clinical syndrome, the long-term survival and the circumscribed aspect of the tumour. Through a review of the literature, the features of the present diagnostic procedure are underlined and the importance of multidisciplinary treatment as the best approach to peritoneal mesothelioma is emphasized.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1977

[Internal diseases imitating acute surgical abdomen].

A significant number of internal illnesses is presented as an acute surgical abdomen. Most frequently this pertains to endocrine, inflammatory, familiar metabollic, colagen, hematologic, illnesses, intoxication and reflexisive pain. To solve this problem, a close surgical-internistic collaboration is imminent as very often, the life of individual patients depends on it. As can be observed from the cases presented herein, our collaboration in this respect is high rating.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1996

[Torsion of the great epiploon as cause of acute abdomen].

Two patients with long term evolution of inguinal hernia and acute abdomen caused by torsion of the major omentum are reported. The main physiopathologic mechanisms involved in the torsion of epiploon as well as the clinical data that could enable us to suspect the diagnosis before performing laparotomy, are reviewed. After searching the literature, the low frequency of presentation of the illness is confirmed. Experience shows us that is less than 0.25 per thousand in the last 20 years.

Abdomen, Acute↗