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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Prevalence of staphylococcal zoonosis in pyogenic skin infections.

S. aureus aetiology was found in 76.47% of the 102 pyoderma cases under study, with a high frequency of incidence in children below 5 years of age. The majority of the S. aureus isolates was nontypable (50.0%) and among the typable strains, phage group-III (31.0%), Group-I (20.7%) and a mixed phage group (34.5%) were predominant. 28.2% of the isolates were S. aureus var. bovis and 2.6% were S. aureus var. canis subgroups. Zoonoses in staphylococcal pyogenic skin infections were proved in 9 of the cases, which showed the history of direct animal contact supported by the isolation of S. aureus of animal host origin. Dogs, cattle and poultry were found to be the most important reservoirs transmitting S. aureus to humans, with folliculitis, furunculosis, impetigo as the frequent clinical manifestations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Trichinellosis: a worldwide zoonosis.

Trichinella spp. are some of the most widespread parasites infecting people and other mammals all over the world, regardless of climate. This paper attempts to describe the present status of trichinellosis worldwide and to determine if and why trichinellosis is emerging or re-emerging. The global prevalence of the disease is difficult to evaluate but as many as 11 million people may be infected. More than 10000 cases of human trichinellosis were reported by the International Commission on Trichinellosis from 1995 to June 1997 and about 10000 porcine infections were reported by the Office International des Epizooties in 1998. The disease is particularly worrisome in the Balkans, Russia, the Baltic republics, in some parts of China and Argentina. Horsemeat-related outbreaks have been reported in France and Italy and have involved about 3000 patients in the past 25 years. The emergence of trichinellosis in some countries is explained by a better knowledge of the disease (formerly often misdiagnosed as influenza), modifications of consumer habits, re-forestation in Europe and increase of wild game, importation of meats from countries where trichinellosis is endemic and failure of veterinary control due to human error or to social upheavals. This disease linked to meat-consumption which is theoretically easy to prevent by adequate cooking, freezing and veterinary controls, should deserve the attention of all persons involved in public health and it could be eradicated at least from domestic pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Pandemic influenza is a zoonosis, as it requires introduction of avian-like gene segments in the human population.

Human influenza viruses manage to cause epidemics almost every year. The circulating viruses change their surface glycoproteins by accumulating mutations (antigenic drift) which results in variant viruses of the same subtype that are able to evade the immune pressure in the population. Every now and then, a completely new subtype of influenza A virus is introduced in the human population, which can result in an influenza pandemic. Pandemic human influenza viruses have been emerging for many centuries. Based on the genetic information of influenza viruses that have been isolated in this century, introduction of genes of the avian influenza virus reservoir obviously is required. Interspecies transmission, via another mammalian host and reassortment of avian and human influenza viruses are potential mechanisms for such an introduction. A summary of the cases in which influenza viruses containing avian-like gene segments were introduced into the human population is presented. In three cases, such infections resulted in conjunctivitis. Influenza-like illness and even pneumonia was reported in some other infections. Finally, a mortality rate of 33% was observed in the avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses that infected 18 people in Hong Kong in 1997. Although some of these viruses fulfilled some criteria of pandemic influenza viruses, they lacked the ability to rapidly spread through the human population.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Paratuberculosis: a potential zoonosis?

Available literature on the controversial role of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis as an etiologic agent in human Crohn's disease is reviewed. Despite almost 15 years of investigation, the question of causal or consequential association between Johne's disease and Crohn's disease continues to linger.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Rodent-borne emerging viral zoonosis. Hemorrhagic fevers and hantavirus infections in South America.

Hantaviruses and arenaviruses are naturally occurring viruses of rodents. Four South American hemorrhagic fevers caused by arenaviruses have emerged in the last 5 decades. All have similar clinical manifestations, with a case-fatality rate as high as 15% to 30%. Hantavirus infections have been increasingly recognized in South America since the description in 1993 of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Given the diversity of rodent species in the region, it can be foreseen that many other viruses will be discovered, and some of them will be causing human illnesses of high public health impact.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Rift Valley fever: an uninvited zoonosis in the Arabian peninsula.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute viral disease, affecting mainly livestock but also humans. The virus is transmitted to humans through mosquito bites or by exposure to blood and bodily fluids. Drinking raw, unpasteurized milk from infected animals can also transmit RVF. Routine vaccination of livestock in Africa has been prohibitively expensive, leading to endemicity of RVF in most African countries. Reports in September 2000 first documented RVF occurring outside of Africa in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Prior to this outbreak, the potential for RVF spread into the Arabian Peninsula had already been exemplified by a 1977 Egyptian epidemic. This appearance of RVF outside the African Continent might be related to importation of infected animals from Africa. In the most recent outbreak patients presented with a febrile haemorrhagic syndrome accompanied by liver and renal dysfunction. By the end of the outbreak, April 2001 statistics from the Saudi Ministry of Health documented a total of 882 confirmed cases with 124 deaths. Both the severity of disease and the relatively high 14% death rate might be a consequence of underreporting of less severe disease. Travellers to endemic areas may be at risk of acquiring the disease if exposed to animals or their body fluids directly or through mosquito bites. Special education regarding both modes of transmission and the geographical distribution of this disease needs to be given to travellers at risk.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Zoonosis in xenotransplantation.

Species barriers against microbial infection will be lowered to an unprecedented degree in xenotransplantation settings. Our knowledge about micro-organisms in donor animals is limited and it is difficult to predict the consequence of such cross-species infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Xenotransplantation and the risk of retroviral zoonosis.

It is hypothesized that xenotransplantation could facilitate the emergence of new human pathogens. Retroviruses might pose the greatest public health risk because of the possibility of undetected transmission within a population. Evidence from naturally occurring retroviral zoonoses and cross-species infections by animal retroviruses provides a basis for reasoned speculation on the risks posed by xenotransplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Brucellosis: a worldwide zoonosis.

Brucella is one of the world's major zoonotic pathogens, and is responsible for enormous economic losses as well as considerable human morbidity in endemic areas. Control of brucellosis requires practical solutions that can be easily applied to the field. Rapid DNA-based diagnostic tests for both humans and livestock have now proved themselves on an experimental level. Data on the virulence of Brucella suggest common mechanisms shared with plant pathogens and endosymbionts of the alpha-proteobacteria. Understanding virulence will have practical repercussions in the realms of vaccine development and, perhaps, development of new antibiotics. The first complete Brucella genome sequence will be released soon, and this will help greatly in our understanding of the biology and evolution of this pathogen.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Clonorchiasis: a key foodborne zoonosis in China.

The oriental liverfluke, Clonorchis sinensis, is of major socioeconomic importance in parts of Asia, including China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam. The parasite is transmitted via snails to freshwater fish, and then to human beings and other piscivorous mammals, and causes substantial clinical or subclinical disease, known as clonorchiasis. There is considerable evidence for an aetiological relation between clonorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma in human beings. It is estimated that about 35 million people are infected globally, of whom approximately 15 million are in China. Although very little information from China has been published in the English language, recent analyses of epidemiological data sets suggest that clonorchiasis is having an increased human-health impact due to the greater consumption of raw freshwater fish. To gain an improved insight into clonorchiasis in China, this review provides a background on the parasite and its life cycle, summarises key aspects regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of clonorchiasis, describes the geographic distribution and prevalence of clonorchiasis, and makes some recommendations for future research and the control of this important disease.

Animals↗