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Results for “thematic analysis methods”

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PubMed1997

A phenomenological study of meaning in life in suicidal older adults.

The purpose of this hermeneutical phenomenological study was to explore how older adults who were suicidal experienced meaning in their lives. Eleven older persons between the ages of 64 and 92 years were interviewed about their subjective experiences of feeling suicidal. Data were analysed using van Manen's (1990) method of hermeneutical analysis. Three main themes evolved as characteristic of the fundamental thematic structure of the participants' experiences of meaning. These themes were conceptualized under a broader theme of alienation, a theme which was characterized by broken connections with individuals and meaningful activities. The question of meaning in life for these older persons was reflected not only from the perspective of meaningfulness, but also from the viewpoint of meaninglessness. Their narratives contribute to a deepened understanding of what it is like to be old, suicidal, and to feel like life has no meaning and purpose.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Health sciences research and Aboriginal communities: pathway or pitfall?

OBJECTIVE: To provide health researchers and clinicians with background information and examples regarding Aboriginal health research challenges, in an effort to promote effective collaborative research with Aboriginal communities. METHODS: An interdisciplinary team of experienced Aboriginal-health researchers conducted a thematic analysis of their planning meetings regarding a community-based Aboriginal health research training project and of the text generated by the meetings and supplemented the analysis with a literature review. RESULTS: Four research challenges are identified and addressed: (1) contrasting frameworks of Western science and indigenous knowledge systems; (2) the impact of historic colonialist processes upon the interface between health science research and Aboriginal communities; (3) culturally relevant frameworks and processes for knowledge generation and knowledge transfer; and (4) Aboriginal leadership, governance, and participation. CONCLUSION: Culturally appropriate and community-controlled collaborative research can result in improved health outcomes in Aboriginal communities and contribute new insights and perspectives to the fields of public health and medicine in general.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1997

Health as an individual's way of existence.

This paper examines health from the viewpoint of Finnish individuals. The goal of the study was to understand and describe the human being's health as an individual way of existence on the basis of life descriptions. The methodology of the study were based on the existentialist phenomenological conception of a human being's existence and the essence of knowledge. The study answers the research question: How do Finnish adults who have been cared for in hospital experience health? The data were collected from 60 persons via free form thematic interviews. The data were analysed by applying the grounded theory method. The analysis led to the identification of five different ways to experience health. To the interviewees, health meant independent coping, drifting with the current of life, developing one's personal existence, avoiding threats in one's life situation and taking care of the components of one's life situation. The results provide a deeper understanding of health within daily life and of a human being as a nursing client.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

Implementing assertive community care for patients with schizophrenia. A case study of co-operation and collaboration between mental health care and social services.

The aim of this study was to describe the personal experiences of collaboration and co-operation between staff from the community mental health and social services programmes in their daily work with schizophrenic patients. An additional aim was to generate the first step in a theory of how staff in the field of health care and social services manages to integrate their efforts on an individual and organizational level. The study group consisted of five members of a multidisciplinary team who had been working for 2 years with assertive outreach intensive clinical case management. Verbatim-transcribed thematic interviews were analysed according to the comparative method for grounded theory. The analysis was focused on quality of interpersonal interaction between practitioners, representing different professions in community-based mental health care, as well as the professional relationship to the patients/clients and their relatives. In the light of an individual and organizational perspective, different typologies of interpersonal interactions appeared. Three main variables were identified: collaborative relationship, co-operative partnership and professional-amateurism. Our findings on these qualitative differences in interpersonal relations should be taken into account in the continuing reorganization of the community health care services. This knowledge can also help in overcoming barriers between patients, professionals and organizations in the mental health services.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Dental phobic patients' view of dental anxiety and experiences in dental care: a qualitative study.

Dental phobic patients' view of dental anxiety and experiences in dental care: a qualitative study The aim of this study was to explore and describe dental phobic patients' perceptions of their dental fear and experiences in dental care. The study sample consisted of 18 participants (12 women), with a mean age of 39.4 years, selected consecutively from patients applying for treatment at a specialized dental fear clinic in Göteborg, Sweden. Dental fear, assessed by the Dental Anxiety Scale, showed score levels well over established levels for severe dental fear. The method for sampling and analysis was inspired by the constant comparative method for Grounded Theory (GT). The thematized in-depth interviews took place outside the clinic and lasted for 1-1.5 h. All the interviews were conducted by the first author (KHA), audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Three higher-order categories were developed and labelled existential threat, vulnerability and unsupportive dentist. Existential threat was identified as the core category, describing the central meaning of the subjects' experiences in dental care. The core category included two dimensions, labelled threat of violation and threat of loss of autonomy and independence. The core category and the descriptive categories are integrated in a model framing the process of dental fear, as described by the informants. In conclusion, the onset of dental fear was commonly related to individual vulnerability and to traumatic dental care experiences, where perceived negative dentist behaviour played a significant role. The patient was caught in a 'vicious circle' that was difficult to break, and where fear and anxiety were maintained by negative expectations about treatment and about patient's own ability to cope in dental care situations.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A critical analysis of the literature on the Internet and consumer health information.

A critical review of the published literature investigating the Internet and consumer health information was undertaken in order to inform further research and policy. A qualitative, narrative method was used, consisting of a three-stage process of identification and collation, thematic coding, and critical analysis. This analysis identified five main themes in the research in this area: (1) the quality of online health information for consumers; (2) consumer use of the Internet for health information; (3) the effect of e-health on the practitioner-patient relationship; (4) virtual communities and online social support and (5) the electronic delivery of information-based interventions. Analysis of these themes revealed more about the concerns of health professionals than about the effect of the Internet on users. Much of the existing work has concentrated on quantifying characteristics of the Internet: for example, measuring the quality of online information, or describing the numbers of users in different health-care settings. There is a lack of qualitative research that explores how citizens are actually using the Internet for health care.

Health Education↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intimate partner violence: what are physicians' perceptions?

BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common in primary care; 11% to 22% of women experienced physical abuse in the past year. Older women experience IPV as well, but it is often undetected. This study examined primary care providers' awareness about IPV in older women, including their screening practices and management. METHODS: Interviews and focus groups were conducted with 44 primary care providers. Thematic analysis was used to identify common themes. RESULTS: Providers fell along a continuum of thoroughness for identifying and managing IPV in older women, ranging from suboptimal to thorough identification of IPV and suboptimal to thorough management of the patient. In addition to the barriers commonly reported about IPV screening in younger women, providers described limited understanding of the diagnoses commonly associated with IPV, frustration with older women's unwillingness to disclose problems and ask for help, and limited community services that accommodate older women with IPV. Providers recommended that communities sponsor public awareness campaigns about IPV as a problem for all women and that aging and IPV agencies work together. CONCLUSIONS: Continued provider training about IPV should include information on identifying older victims and appropriate management options. Participants stressed the importance of community efforts to raise awareness and improve resources available for older women who are victims of IPV.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A qualitative study of perceptions regarding the non-nurse college graduate nurse practitioner.

Nurse practitioners (NPs) have become integral players in the current healthcare system. Some schools admit students with bachelor's degrees in other fields without prior nursing experience into accelerated BS-to-graduate NP programs. The purpose of this study is to examine healthcare providers' perceptions regarding these non-nurse college graduates (NNCGs) functioning as nurse practitioners. The literature review revealed no prior qualitative investigation examining healthcare providers' perceptions of NNCGs. This study elicited a textual response to an open-ended question. Criteria for inclusion included ages 21 and older and licensure in nursing (RN) or medicine (MD or DO). Fourteen textural responses were analyzed. An adaptation of Colaizzi's method of data analysis was used to extract and describe themes. The four thematic categories that emerged from the data included: "Role Complexity," "Experience as Teacher" "System Savvy," and "On the Plus Side," The results of this study will be used in the development of an instrument to be used in a quantitative investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Scientometric characteristics of the published scientific works of Prof. Konstantin Chilov].

A comprehensive scientificometric study was carried out on the publications of Corresponding member Prof Dr. K. Cilov, covering 127 monographs, textbooks and papers, published within the period 1929-1957. The results obtained were mathematically--statistically processed according to the methods of statistical grouping and alternative analysis and illustrated via table method and graphic analysis. The criteria of observation concern the quantitative, type and thematic characteristic of the co-authors of Prof K. Cilov. The analysis established an evenness in the scientific and publication creative work of Prof K. Cilov during the periods of his scientific maturing, his scientific interests directed mainly to the clinical-laboratory and cardiological problems, infectious and endocrine diseases. The percentage of his publications, with he as a sole author is 69,29%, and of team publications--30,71%. The personified co-authors are 32, and non-personified ones--65, with a predomination of the inconstant collaborators, so 70,87% of the co-authors are with a duration of the collaboration to 1 year.

Authorship↗
PubMed2005

Developing and validating a tool to measure parenting self-efficacy.

AIMS: This paper reports the development of a tool to measure parenting self-efficacy as an aid to evaluating parenting programmes. BACKGROUND: Whilst there has been increasing interest in parenting programmes from parents, government and professionals, there is a lack of rigorous evaluation studies of their effectiveness, particularly their longer-term outcomes. Equally, there is little research evidence of the views and experiences of parents themselves. It is important to develop robust outcome measures which draw on well-developed theoretical constructs to measure parents' perceived abilities to manage their children based on their own views and experiences. Self-efficacy, a self-perception of one's ability to perform competently and effectively in a particular task or setting, may provide such a framework. METHODS: Data from 12 focus groups conducted with parents and parenting programme facilitators informed the development of the tool. A thematic analysis of the focus group transcripts identified key items to be included in the self-efficacy instrument, and these were developed into 82 Likert-format statements. A multi-method approach was used to test the instrument for validity and reliability. FINDINGS: Nine domain specific sub-scales of parenting were identified from the analysis of the focus group data. Internal reliability coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.80 to 0.89, and the overall scale reliability was 0.94. External reliability coefficients ranged from rs = 0.58 (n = 19, P < 0.01) to rs = 0.88 (n = 19, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: A valid and reliable tool to measure parenting self-efficacy has been developed, which will aid evaluation of parenting programmes.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Understanding why adolescents decide to visit family physicians: qualitative study.

OBJECTIVE: To understand why Canadian adolescents go or do not go to see family physicians for annual checkups using the Theory of Planned Behavior as a conceptual framework. DESIGN: Qualitative analysis of small group discussions. SETTING: Edmonton, Alta, a large Canadian city. PARTICIPANTS: Seventeen adolescents (6 male, 11 female) recruited from a medical clinic and an organized youth group. METHOD: Two small group discussions and one validation focus group were held. A combination of category coding and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data transcribed. MAIN FINDINGS: Adolescents reported that regular checkups, although uncomfortable, are a good idea. They also reported that going to a family doctor for a checkup is out of their control because of numerous barriers (eg, lack of time, not knowing how to set it up, or lack of transportation). Participants thought their parents' opinions on going for routine checkups were more important than the opinions of their peers. CONCLUSION: Family physicians should recognize adolescents' attitudes toward visiting family physicians' offices and understand the potential barriers adolescents face in coming in for checkups in order to make visits to their offices more comfortable and beneficial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The educational preparation of undergraduate nursing students in pharmacology: perceptions and experiences of lecturers and students.

This paper explores the perceptions and experiences of lecturers and undergraduate nursing students relating to teaching and learning issues in pharmacology. A total of 14 focus group interviews were conducted at 10 university settings, which involved seven academic staff and seven student interviews. The focus group interviewing method was used because it enabled all participants to have 'a say', facilitated the expression of diverse views, and allowed participants to express themselves without fear that their views would be openly criticised. Student participants comprised second and third year undergraduate nurses while lecturer participants involved course coordinators, subject coordinators, and bioscience and nursing lecturers. The 'framework' method was used for data analysis, which involved the following stages: familiarisation, identifying a thematic framework, indexing, charting, and finally, mapping and interpretation. Four major themes emerged from discussions with lecturers and students: teaching considerations, learning considerations, the relationship between pharmacology knowledge and clinical practice, and the features of an 'ideal' programme in pharmacology. The findings highlighted that potential conflicts existed among academic staff relating to the balance of pharmacology and nursing content in curricula, which often led to over-laden curricula. Potential conflicts also existed between lecturers and students about the value placed on a separate pharmacology subject as opposed to an integrated pharmacology programme. In summary, there is still much scope for educational initiatives to improve students' knowledge of pharmacology and medication management.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Adult bereavement in five English hospices: participants, organisations and pre-bereavement support.

METHOD: in-depth organisational case studies of five English hospice bereavement services. ANALYSIS: thematic analysis of qualitative interviews and focus groups and scrutiny of documentary material provided by the hospice bereavement services. FINDINGS: despite the differences in philosophies and activities among the hospices a common pattern of support were apparent. All made contact with the bereaved relatives or main carers shortly after the patient's death, all provided information about practical and emotional aspects of bereavement and a mixture of social and therapeutic support. None of the hospices used formal "risk assessment", but at all sites there were processes in place to identify people who might benefit from bereavement support. Pre-bereavement support and continuity between this and bereavement support were important aspects. CONCLUSIONS: the case studies allowed analysis of individual characteristics and comparison between services. The high response rates suggest that the questionnaires used were acceptable to bereaved people. A clear and explicit rationale for bereavement support activities is a pre-requisite for the development of a cohesive and integrated programme of support to help resolve difficult decisions about individual clients. Pre-bereavement support by hospice staff positively contributes to the person's experience of bereavement. Hospices should address the issue of providing the appropriate level of bereavement support.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Emergency contraception in Brazil: facilitators and barriers].

A multi-centered qualitative study was conducted in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico to assess the acceptability of emergency contraception both among potential users and possible providers, authorities, and opinion-makers, and to identify (according to participants' perceptions) factors facilitating or hindering the method's use and the most appropriate strategies to disseminate information and provide the method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, group interviews, and discussion groups, which were tape-recorded and transcribed. A thematic analysis of this material was conducted. Acceptability of emergency contraception was high among participants, who also felt that there were no barriers towards its acceptance by the population. Participants felt that the method's acceptability would be greater if it were included in reproductive health programs, emphasizing its prescription for emergency situations. Participants highlighted that strategic components in Brazil would be training of providers and inclusion of the method in family planning services.

Brazil↗
PubMed2006

What factors account for referral delays for patients with suspected rheumatoid arthritis?

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common, costly, and disabling disease. Early referral and treatment reduce long-term joint damage and improve functional outcomes. Despite efforts to improve referral, half of patients with RA are not referred in a timely manner. Our objective was to explore the factors influencing the decision of a primary care physician (PCP) to refer or not refer a patient with suspected RA, and to identify modifiable factors influencing timely referral. METHODS: Using qualitative methods and in-depth, face-to-face interviews, we asked Connecticut PCPs to describe the last patient encounter where they suspected RA and the factors influencing referral and nonreferral. Participants represented a range of clinical experience, access to rheumatologists, and practice settings. Sample size was determined by thematic saturation. Transcripts were coded and analyzed using the constant comparative method of qualitative data analysis. RESULTS: We interviewed 19 PCPs, 9 of whom were women. Our analysis identified clinical characteristics, patient preferences, access issues, clinical and administrative leadership, physician confidence and expectations, and interpersonal relationships as important domains influencing the referral decision. These domains interacted to impact timely referral and quality of care. Previously underappreciated factors, such as the magnitude of the effect of physician rapport, appeared to be critical in determining whether or not patients are promptly referred. CONCLUSION: Issues such as physician rapport, as well as clinical and system issues, influence referral for suspected RA. To improve referral for RA, clinical guidelines, medical education, and quality improvement efforts should address all domains influencing the referral decision.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2001

Fluorescence polarization: analysis of carbohydrate-protein interaction.

Fluorescence polarization has been widely used for the studies on the molecular motion in solution and has been applied to immunoassays for proteins, therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical pharmacy, and assays for environmentally toxic compounds. Because fluorescence polarization is most readily applicable to the kinetic analysis of the binding reaction between a substance having small molecular mass and a receptor molecule, this method is easily applied to the analysis of carbohydrate-lectin binding. In this tutorial Thematic Review, we briefly introduce the principles of fluorescence polarization and some applications of fluorescence polarization technique to glycobiology.

Aspergillus oryzae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

It just really clicked: participant-perceived outcomes of community nutrition education programs.

OBJECTIVE: To understand participant-perceived outcomes of community nutrition education programs by low income adults. DESIGN: A grounded theory approach using qualitative interviews. SETTING: Rural and urban communities in New York State and Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: 18 current and past participants in nutrition education programs for low income adults. PHENOMENA OF INTEREST: Participants' perceived outcomes of community nutrition education programs. ANALYSIS: Qualitative analysis derived from the constant comparative method. RESULTS: Participants described program experiences in three linked thematic areas: (1) a range of motives for program enrollment; (2) current roles, challenges and resources as program contexts; and (3) participant-perceived outcomes experienced throughout the program that were linked to their motives for enrolling. Short- and medium-term outcomes, especially social outcomes, were important to participants; positive experiences were linked to later behavior change by participants, even among those who did not initially report change. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Participant-perceived outcomes and program satisfaction were linked to enrollment motives and modified by whether participants' current worlds provided resources to put learning into practice. Participant inputs such as enrollment motives and resources should be included in planning models, assessed at multiple points, matched to expected program outcomes, and used to guide teaching.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

'Chatting': an important clinical tool in facilitating mothering in neonatal nurseries.

AIM: This paper explores the use of 'chat' or 'social talk' as an important clinical tool that can assist nurses achieve family-centred care in neonatal nurseries. BACKGROUND: The study was undertaken to increase knowledge of women's experiences of mothering in the neonatal nursery and the relationship they share with nurses. METHOD: The discussion presented is elicited from a grounded theory analysis of over 60 hours of interview data with 28 women, a thematic analysis of 50 hours of interviews with 20 nurses and a content analysis of 398 tape-recorded interactions between nurses and parents. FINDINGS: The analysis identifies the importance of the nurse-mother relationship and demonstrates that it is both the context and method by which nursing care is delivered. We found the verbal exchanges that take place between nurse and mother influence a woman's confidence, her sense of control and her feelings of connection to her infant. It appears from the data that the nurse's ability to effectively 'engage' the mother is dependent on the use of language that expresses care, support and interest in parents. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggests that 'chatting' is the strategy and the process through which positive interactions are initiated, maintained and enhanced. This study confirms that nurses' language acts as a powerful clinical tool that can be used to assist parents in gaining confidence in caring for their infants and in becoming 'connected' to infants resident in nurseries.

Adult↗