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PubMedDate not supplied

[Is it possible to use "Medline" for assuring the quality of the scientific and research production of a medical school?].

Object of our Faculty investigation is a research made in the attempt to carry out an evaluation of efficiency and to offer a tool that might be useful to the future allocation of resources, structures and attribution of responsibility. The need of Faculty inspections in the fields of Didactics, Research, Attendance is becoming more and more important in the current phase of renewal. This work offers an example of inspection by means of Medline, performed on a given number of individuals and Institutions. The inspection of qualified scientific production has been thus performed on a sample of 808 individuals and 58 Institutions: the samples have been grouped according to their roles and to their university/hospital allocation within the "Azienda Ospedale di Pisa", Azienda c.d., which is conventionally headed by the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Pisa. As already suggested, the tool used for the inspection has been Medline. The collected data produce an x-ray which is in the whole very indicative, either in quantitative and in qualitative terms. The results are listed in tables (in anonymous). The criteria of application and the analysis of the results align themselves to the indications of the Conference of University Chancellors. The attempt to develop a method of inspection which shows as objective as possible might give heart to those who very often feel left out from the evaluation and determination of university initiatives. All this is therefore meant to satisfy the needs of the many who are currently seeking steadier values of support in order to obtain a sound renewal.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed2004

Children's nutrition in Jamaica: do household structure and household economic resources matter?

This study assesses the influence of household structure and resource dilution characteristics on children's nutritional status in Jamaica. The study has two objectives: (1) to compare the impact of different types of household structures (e.g. single parent, two parent, cohabiting and extended) on child nutrition (low height for age); and (2) to examine whether household structure and household resources interact to affect child nutrition in this context. We use data from the Jamaica 1996 Living Standards Measurement Study Survey and a series of logistic regression models to test hypotheses derived from the current child well-being literature. The results show that living in a single-parent household and a cohabiting household increases the odds of stunting for children. The analysis also indicates that children in single-parent low-income families with siblings and low-income extended families with siblings are more likely to have low height for age. The key policy implication that emerges from this study is that household structure is important for understanding children's nutritional outcomes in the Caribbean.

Body Height↗
PubMed1998

Community occupational structure, medical and economic resources, and coronary mortality among U.S. blacks and whites, 1980-1988.

PURPOSE: To examine the association between coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, economic and medical resources, and county occupational structure. METHODS: U.S. counties were classified into five occupational structure categories based on the percentage of workers in white-collar occupations. Directly age-adjusted CHD mortality rates (from vital statistics and Census data) and economic and medical care data (from Census and Area Resource File data) were calculated for each occupational structure category. Participants were black and white, men and women, aged 35-64 years, in the U.S. during 1980-88. CHD mortality rates and economic and medical care data were compared across occupational structure categories. RESULTS: Among blacks, CDH rates were highest in counties with intermediate levels of occupational structure; rates among whites were inversely associated with occupational structure. Per capita levels of income and numbers of medical-care providers were positively associated with occupational structure. CONCLUSION: Strategies to improve the resources of disadvantaged communities and the access of black workers to local occupational opportunities may be important for CHD prevention in high risk populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Structure of human resources in a public hospital in Chile: an experience in introducing changes].

This article discusses the structural and operational reform process that took place beginning in 1994 in Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, a tertiary pediatric care facility run by Oriente Metropolitan Health Center in Santiago, Chile. The formation of the Chilean health care system is briefly outlined, along with the changes brought about by the military government in 1979 and other transformations introduced by the first democratic government in 1990 and by the second one, in 1994. In spite of Chile's favorable health indicators and of the current government's desire to establish equitable services and to launch a decentralized system, the health care system that was fundamentally modeled in the fifties and sixties has failed to respond successfully to the demographic transition and to the population's new epidemiologic profile. One of the main problems is that services at the secondary and tertiary levels lack what is necessary to respond to the demand. Under a new leadership with an interest in modern administrative methods, clinical services at Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital were restructured with new departments and units, a study of the organizational climate was carried out, the entire staff was intensively trained so as to generate a spirit of involvement and a new vision of the hospital's mission and teamwork, and a strategic plan was drawn up that is still being implemented.

Chile↗
PubMed1988

Resource teams: their structure and use.

With the current nursing shortage and changing health care climate, nursing administrators are concerned with the effective and efficient use of supplementary staffs such as internal resource teams (RTs) or float pools. This article describes a telephone survey of 20 leading hospitals nationwide, which identified organization structure, personnel use, and the main characteristics of state-of-the-art resource teams.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2003

Analysis on sensitivity and landscape ecological spatial structure of site resources.

This article establishes a set of indicators and standards for landscape ecological sensitivity analysis of site resources by using the theories and approaches of landscape ecology. It uses landscape diversity index (H), evenness (E), natural degree (N), contrast degree (C) to study spatial structure and landscape heterogeneity of site resources and thus provides a qualitative-quantitative evaluation method for land planning and management of small, medium scale areas. The analysis of Yantian District, Shenzhen of China showed that Wutong Mountain belonged to high landscape ecological sensitivity area, Sanzhoutian Reservoir and Shangping Reservoir were medium landscape sensitivity and high ecological sensitivity area; Dameisha and Xiaomeisha belonged to medium sensitivity area caused by the decline of natural ecological areas. Shatoujiao, Yantian Pier belonged to low sensitivity area but urban landscape ecological development had reshaped and influenced their landscape ecological roles in a great extent. Suggestions on planning, protection goals and development intensity of each site or district were raised.

China↗
PubMed1995

Organizational and provider structural changes and resource utilization of services for the elderly in Norway.

This paper presents recent innovations in organizing provider work and changes in organizational structure that promote: (1) reduction in fragmentation of care (2) improved continuity and quality of care and (3) improved cost-containment efforts and (4) better decision making. Data is also given on resource utilization. It is anticipated that these models of care and services are prototypes of future models of care for the elderly as this population increases in number. Data is also presented that suggests that, eventually, increases in taxes and social security contributions and/or the rationing of health care may be necessary to meet pensioner health needs.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Ontogenetic scaling of foraging rates and the dynamics of a size-structured consumer-resource model.

The ontogenetic scaling of foraging capacity strongly influences the competitive ability of differently sized individuals within a species. We develop a physiologically structured model to investigate the effect of different ontogenetic size scalings of the attack rate on the population dynamics of a consumer-resource system. The resource is assumed to reproduce continuously whereas the consumer only reproduces at discrete time instants. Depending on the ontogenetic size scaling, the model exhibited recruit-driven cycles, stable fixed point dynamics, non-recruit juvenile-driven cycles, quasiperiodic orbits, or chaotic dynamics. The kind of dynamics observed was related to the maintenance resource levels required of differently sized individuals. Stable fixed point dynamics was, besides at the persistence boundary, only observed when the minimum resource levels were similar for newborns and mature individuals. The tendency for large population fluctuations over a wide range of the parameter space was due to the consumer's pulsed reproduction. Background mortality and length of season were major determinants of cycle length. Model dynamics strongly resembled empirically observed dynamics from fish and Daphnia populations with respect to both patterns and mechanisms. The non-recruit juvenile-driven dynamics is suggested to occur in populations with size-dependent interference or preemptive competition like cicada populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

On the stabilizing role of stage structure in piscene consumer-resource interactions.

A stage-structured consumer-resource model is investigated using plausible biological parameter estimates. The model, developed from patterns in energy allocation across fish life-history strategies, explicitly considers the effects of delays in maturation on juvenile growth and mortality. It is found that stage structure in the consumer fish population tends to locally stabilize consumer-resource dynamics for realistic parameters. Additionally, it is shown that stage structure bounds nonequilibrium behavior relative to the case without stage structure. Finally, it is shown that the increased stability and bounding of solutions has the seemingly paradoxical consequence of promoting nonequilibrium dynamics when even small amounts of noise are added to the system.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

The factor VIII Structure and Mutation Resource Site: HAMSTeRS version 4.

Since 1996 the HAMSTeRS (Haemophilia A Mutation, Search, Test and Resource Site) WWW site has provided an online resource for access to data on the molecular pathology of haemophilia A, replacing previous text editions of the Haemophilia A Database published in Nucleic Acids Research . This report describes the continued development of the site (version 4), and in particular the expansion of factor VIII (FVIII) structure-related features. Access to the mutation database itself, both for searching the listings and for submission of new mutations, is via custom-designed forms: more powerful Boolean searches of the point mutations in the database are also available. During 1997 a total of 22 novel missense mutations were reported, increasing the total number of unique variants now described to 252 (238 in exonic sequences and 14 at intronic splice junctions). Currently, a total of 586 individual reports with associated phenotypic data are available for searching by any category including phenotype. The FVIII structure section now includes a download of a FVIII A domain homology model in Protein Data Bank format and a multiple alignment of the FVIII amino-acid sequencies from four species (human, murine, porcine and canine) in addition to the virtual reality simulations, secondary structural data and FVIII animation already available. Finally, to aid navigation across this site, a clickable roadmap of the main features provides easy access to the page desired. Our intention is that continued development and updating of the site shall provide workers in the fields of molecular and structural biology with a one-stop resource site to facilitate FVIII research and education. The HAMSTeRS URL is http://europium.mrc.rpms.ac.uk

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[Alternative resources and intermediate structures in the context of Québec.].

In Québec, a consensus appears to have developed over the last few years around the need to develop community-based resources in mental health. However, the concept of community resources is fragmented: there is a conceptual distinction between Alternative and Intermediary Resources, both of which are located outside the walls of the institution, but which have different objectives, and suggest different means for supporting the mentally disturbed in the community. Attempts to operationalize these concepts have tended to have the effect of masking their conceptual particularity. In this article, the conceptual distinctions - as they have developed in the Québec context - are clarified, and the implications of erasing them are discussed.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2004

Statistical and visual morph movie analysis of crystallographic mutant selection bias in protein mutation resource data.

Structural studies of the effects of non-silent mutations on protein conformational change are an important key in deciphering the language that relates protein amino acid primary structure to tertiary structure. Elsewhere, we presented the Protein Mutant Resource (PMR) database, a set of online tools that systematically identified groups of related mutant structures in the Protein DataBank (PDB), accurately inferred mutant classifications in the Gene Ontology using an innovative, statistically rigorous data-mining algorithm with more general applicability, and illustrated the relationship of these mutant structures via an intuitive user interface. Here, we perform a comprehensive statistical analysis of the effect of PMR mutations on protein tertiary structure. We find that, although the PMR does contain spectacular examples of conformational change, in general there is a counter-intuitive inverse relationship between conformational change (measured as C-alpha displacement or RMS of the core structure) and the number of mutations in a structure. That is, point mutations by structural biologists present in the PDB contrast naturally evolved mutations. We compare the frequency of mutations in the PMR/PDB datasets against the accepted PAM250 natural amino acid mutation frequency to confirm these observations. We generated morph movies from PMR structure pairs using technology previously developed for the Macromolecular Motions Database (http://molmovdb.org), allowing bioinformaticians, geneticists, protein engineers, and rational drug designers to analyze visually the mechanisms of protein conformational change and distinguish between conformational change due to motions (e.g., ligand binding) and mutations. The PMR morph movies and statistics can be freely viewed from the PMR website, http://pmr.sdsc.edu.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Implications for molecular mechanisms of glycoprotein hormone receptors using a new sequence-structure-function analysis resource.

Comparison between wild-type and mutated glycoprotein hormone receptors (GPHRs), TSH receptor, FSH receptor, and LH-chorionic gonadotropin receptor is established to identify determinants involved in molecular activation mechanism. The basic aims of the current work are 1) the discrimination of receptor phenotypes according to the differences between activity states they represent, 2) the assignment of classified phenotypes to three-dimensional structural positions to reveal 3) functional-structural hot spots and 4) interrelations between determinants that are responsible for corresponding activity states. Because it is hard to survey the vast amount of pathogenic and site-directed mutations at GPHRs and to improve an almost isolated consideration of individual point mutations, we present a system for systematic and diversified sequence-structure-function analysis (http://www.fmp-berlin.de/ssfa). To combine all mutagenesis data into one set, we converted the functional data into unified scaled values. This at least enables their comparison in a rough classification manner. In this study we describe the compiled data set and a wide spectrum of functions for user-driven searches and classification of receptor functionalities such as cell surface expression, maximum of hormone binding capability, and basal as well as hormone-induced Galphas/Galphaq mediated cAMP/inositol phosphate accumulation. Complementary to known databases, our data set and bioinformatics tools allow functional and biochemical specificities to be linked with spatial features to reveal concealed structure-function relationships by a semiquantitative analysis. A comprehensive discrimination of specificities of pathogenic mutations and in vitro mutant phenotypes and their relation to signaling mechanisms of GPHRs demonstrates the utility of sequence-structure-function analysis. Moreover, new interrelations of determinants important for selective G protein-mediated activation of GPHRs are resumed.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Combining bioinformatics resources for the structural modelling of eukaryotic metabolic networks.

The architecture of the cellular metabolic network is almost completely available from several databases. This has paved the way for computational analyses. Whereas kinetic modelling is still restrained to small metabolic sub-systems for which enzyme-kinetic details are known, so-called structural modelling techniques can be applied to complete metabolic networks even if the kinetics and regulation of the underlying enzymes is still unknown. Structural modelling requires detailed information on the presence of metabolic enzymes in a specific cell type of interest and the thermodynamics of the reactions, determining their direction under cellular conditions. If compartments are distinguished the sub-cellular compartmentation of reactions and enzymes and the membrane transporters exchanging metabolites between cellular compartments must be included. All this information cannot be taken from a single data base but has to be compiled from various Bioinformatics resources. Here we present an approach towards the organization of Bioinformatics data that enables the flux-balance analysis of comprehensive compartmentalized metabolic networks of eukaryotic cells with special focus on human hepatocytes.

Aspartate Aminotransferases↗
PubMed1999

A comparison of sequence and structure protein domain families as a basis for structural genomics.

MOTIVATION: Protein families can be defined based on structure or sequence similarity. We wanted to compare two protein family databases, one based on structural and one on sequence similarity, to investigate to what extent they overlap, the similarity in definition of corresponding families, and to create a list of large protein families with unknown structure as a resource for structural genomics. We also wanted to increase the sensitivity of fold assignment by exploiting protein family HMMs. RESULTS: We compared Pfam, a protein family database based on sequence similarity, to Scop, which is based on structural similarity. We found that 70% of the Scop families exist in Pfam while 57% of the Pfam families exist in Scop. Most families that occur in both databases correspond well to each other, but in some cases they are different. Such cases highlight situations in which structure and sequence approaches differ significantly. The comparison enabled us to compile a list of the largest families that do not occur in Scop; these are suitable targets for structure prediction and determination, and may be useful to guide projects in structural genomics. It can be noted that 13 out of the 20 largest protein families without a known structure are likely transmembrane proteins. We also exploited Pfam to increase the sensitivity of detecting homologs of proteins with known structure, by comparing query sequences to Pfam HMMs that correspond to Scop families. For SWISSPROT+TREMBL, this yielded an increase in fold assignment from 31% to 42% compared to using FASTA only. This method assigned a structure to 22% of the proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 24% in Escherichia coli, and 16% in Methanococcus jannaschii.

Computational Biology↗