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Results for “resource allocation”

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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Resource allocation in on-line reading by younger and older adults.

Younger and older adults read a series of expository passages for immediate recall by self-pacing the presentation sector-by-sector on a computer screen. Regression analysis of sector reading times (RT) was used to estimate the time allocated by individuals to word-level (i.e., syllable length and mean word frequency), text-level (i.e., number of propositions, number of new concepts introduced, and total Yngve depth), and discourse-level (i.e., serial position) features. Age differences were found in the pattern of reading time allocation that engendered high levels of recall. Specifically, younger adults who achieved high recall were more responsive to word frequency and the introduction of new concepts. By contrast, high recall among the old was related to a greater degree of on-line contextual facilitation (i.e., a steeper serial position effect). These data suggest that there is an age difference in how the allocation of resources at encoding optimizes subsequent memory performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Medical necessity, benefit and resource allocation in health care.

Many health care systems espouse medical necessity, or need, as a guiding principle for the allocation of resources. Yet, logic and experience suggest that it is likely impossible to develop a concise, explicit, operational definition of medical necessity that would allow it to be used as an administrative or management tool. Even if such a definition could be developed, it would likely do little to solve the fundamental challenges facing policy-makers attempting to reform health care systems. This implies that we should refrain from further efforts to define medical necessity operationally. But does it follow that medical necessity is an empty concept? No. Even if it cannot be defined precisely, it can still serve as a guiding principle for health policy. Given that ability-to-benefit is a core concept underlying necessity, we develop a conceptual framework that encompasses alternative notions of benefit and then illustrate some selected implications of alternative benefit notions for processes required to use medical necessity as a guiding principle and for the types of services that would be deemed to produce a benefit.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology, health policy, and resource allocation: the Israeli perspective.

Israel represents a developed country as far as demand and consumption of health services are concerned. The analysis of the Israeli health system reveals a significant trend of expansion in the intensity and the utilization of health services as well as an accelerated development of sophisticated technology, while the percentage of Gross National Product used for health expenditure remained constant and even decreased. Competing needs, reflecting population growth, a rapid aging process, new areas of treatment, and changes in use of health services, illustrate the aggravating issue of setting priorities. The permanent dilemma of the health system is oscillation between opposite trends: enlargement of public eligibility and technological capabilities and economic reduction and budget limitations. Is there a possibility that the insufficiencies of the system are built into patterns of thinking of those in the system, into its structure, and into its organization of health services delivery? Does the formulation of health policy influence, in terms of the outcomes of the system, priorities and allocation of resources? Does the process of decisionmaking reflect in an appropriate manner the epidemiologic data? Under the objective constraints, decisionmaking and health policy formulation become critical determinants of the ability to cope more efficiently and effectively with growing and changing needs. The authors suggest an alternative strategy of health decisionmaking that is more instrumental in order to prevent setbacks and to open new horizons for the future.

Epidemiology↗
PubMed1996

Optimal resource allocation for novelty detection in a human auditory memory.

A theory of resource allocation for neuronal low-level filtering is presented, based on an analysis of optimal resource allocation in simple environments. A quantitative prediction of the theory was verified in measurements of the magnetic mismatch response (MMR), an auditory event-related magnetic response of the human brain. The amplitude of the MMR was found to be directly proportional to the information conveyed by the stimulus. To the extent that the amplitude of the MMR can be used to measure resource usage by the auditory cortex, this finding supports our theory that, at least for early auditory processing, energy resources are used in proportion to the information content of incoming stimulus flow.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1989

A methodology for resource allocation in health care for South Africa. Part I. Rationale and prerequisites.

A strategy for the equitable allocation of health care resources is needed in South Africa. The existing health administrative structures are obstacles to achieving this goal. An attempt is made to describe a framework in which the prerequisites for the equitable allocation of resources are a major restructuring of health services into a number of regional health authorities in a unified health service, and to establish a formula which is adapted from the RAWP (Resource Allocation Working Party) model used in the UK.

Health Care Rationing↗
PubMed2001

An information system to improve financial management, resource allocation and activity planning: evaluation results.

UNLABELLED: An important strategy for improving resource management and cost containment in health care is to develop information systems that assist hospital managers in financial management, resource allocation, and activity planning. A crucial part of such development is a rigorous evaluation to assess whether the system accomplishes it's intended goals. PURPOSE: To evaluate CLASSICA, a Decision Support System (DSS), that assists nurse managers in financial management, resource allocation, staffing, and activity planning. METHODS: Using a pre-post test design with control units, CLASSICA was evaluated in four test units. Baseline data and simultaneous parallel measures were collected prior to system implementation at test sites and control units. Using expense reports, staffing and financial statistics, surveys, interviews with nurse managers, and logs as data sources, CLASSICA was evaluated on: cost reduction, quality of management information; usefulness as decision support for improved financial management and decision-making; user satisfaction; and ease of use. RESULTS: Evaluation results showed a 41% reduction in expenditures for overtime and extra hours as compared to a 1.8% reduction in control units during the same time period. Users reported a significant improvement in management information; nurse managers stated that they had gained control over costs. The system helped them analyze the relationships between patient activity staffing, and cost of care. Users reported high satisfaction with the system, the information and decision support it provided, and its ease of use. These results suggest that CLASSICA is a DSS that successfully assists nurse managers in cost effective management of their units.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed1989

NHS resource allocation after the 1989 white paper: a critique of the research for the RAWP review.

The Government White Paper on the NHS, 'Working for Patients', abolished the Resource Allocation Working Party (RAWP) formula in name, but retained its general approach of ensuring geographical equity through funding health authorities by a system of weighted capitation. As a result, the longstanding debate about the appropriate need indicators to include in RAWP, which was tackled afresh in the recent NHS Management Board review of RAWP, will remain highly pertinent to NHS resource allocation in the 1990s. Yet, the research carried out for the RAWP review, on which its principal proposals for change to the need indicators were based, is inadequate for developing a new method of resource allocation after RAWP. The paper describes the research and sets out its main conceptual limitations and problems of method.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed2000

The development of children's knowledge of attention and resource allocation in single and dual tasks.

Developmental changes in kindergarten, 1st-, and 4th-grade children's knowledge about the variables that affect attention sharing and resource allocation were examined. Findings from the 2 experiments showed that kindergartners understood that person and strategy variables affect performance in attention-sharing tasks. However, knowledge of how task variables affect performance was not evident to them and was inconsistent for 1st and 4th graders. Children's knowledge about resource allocation revealed a different pattern and varied according to the dissimilarity of task demands in the attention-sharing task. In Experiment 1, in which the dual attention tasks were similar (i.e., visual detection), kindergarten and 1st-grade children did not differentiate performance in single and dual tasks. Fourth graders demonstrated knowledge that performance on a single task would be better than performance on the dual tasks for only 2 of the variables examined. In Experiment 2, in which the dual attention tasks were dissimilar (i.e., visual and auditory detection), kindergarten and 1st-grade children demonstrated knowledge that performance in the single task would be better than in the dual tasks for 1 of the task variables examined. However, 4th-grade children consistently gave higher ratings for performance on the single than on the dual attention tasks for all variables examined. These findings (a) underscore that children's meta-attention is not unitary and (b) demonstrate that children's knowledge about variables affecting attention sharing and resource allocation have different developmental pathways. Results show that knowledge about attention sharing and about the factors that influence the control of attention develops slowly and undergoes reorganization in middle childhood.

Attention↗
PubMed1987

Resource allocation decisions in health care: a role for quality of life assessments?

This paper discusses the relevance of quality of life measurement in clinical and epidemiological research to resource allocation decisions in health care. The discussion concentrates on economic evaluations, the form of health services research which most directly pertains to decisions about the allocation of resources, and the use of the quality-adjusted life-year in economic evaluation. Three key issues are addressed: whose assessments of quality of life are relevant and how should these be obtained; should one search for a generalizable quality of life measure; is it right to construct "league tables" of health care interventions in terms of cost per quality-adjusted life-year?

Decision Making↗
PubMed2004

Neural gate keeping: the role of interhemispheric interactions in resource allocation and selective filtering.

The corpus callosum has been proposed to contribute to attention by modulating resource allocation between the hemispheres and filtering interhemispheric signal transmission (M. T. Banich, 1998). The resource allocation hypothesis predicts that interhemispheric interactions become more advantageous with increasing resource demands. The selective filtering hypothesis predicts that interhemispheric interactions become less advantageous as filtering requirements increase. The authors tested both predictions by comparing within- and across-hemisphere letter matching under dual-task (Experiment 1) and selective attention conditions (Experiment 2). Task-specific resource demands (i.e., letter processing load) alter the bihemispheric advantage, but the general demand imposed by an unrelated secondary task does not. Filtering requirements influenced the advantage from interhemispheric interactions, providing new evidence for the role of the corpus callosum in selective attention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The Veterans Administration's resource allocation system.

This article is designed to provide a description of the Veterans Administration's resource allocation system: an acute care, DRG case mix-based model; a long-term care, resource utilization group (RUG-II) model; and an ambulatory care, capitalization system. Nursing issues regarding resource allocation are discussed.

Acute Disease↗