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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

A comparison of fluoride release by resin-modified GIC and polyacid-modified composite resin.

The objective of this study was to compare the fluoride release of 2 fluoride-containing orthodontic adhesives from bracketed teeth and adhesive disks, a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji Ortho LC, encapsulated; GC America Corp, Aslip, Ill) and a polyacid-modified composite resin (Assure; Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Ill). A composite resin without fluoride (Transbond XT; 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) was used as a reference control. Metal brackets were bonded to the buccal surfaces of 120 human premolars (40 teeth per adhesive), and disks were made from each adhesive. The deionized storage water was changed, and fluoride release was measured at specified intervals up to 28 days for the bracketed teeth and up to 150 days for the disks. Fuji Ortho LC released 75% more accumulated fluoride than Assure (6.61 microg/bracket vs 3.77 microg/bracket) from bracketed teeth over the 28-day observation period. Assure released more fluoride per day than did Fuji Ortho LC from the disks during the first 3 months. For the rest of the 150-day period, Fuji Ortho LC released more fluoride per day than did Assure. The amount of fluoride released by these materials varied dramatically with different water-changing protocols. The large discrepancy between fluoride released from disks compared with that released from bracketed teeth suggests that caution must be used in extrapolating fluoride-release levels of adhesive disks to in vivo treatment conditions.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2005

A method of mapping protein sumoylation sites by mass spectrometry using a modified small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO-1) and a computational program.

Post-translational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO-1) is a highly conserved process from yeast to humans and plays important regulatory roles in many cellular processes. Sumoylation occurs at certain internal lysine residues of target proteins via an isopeptide bond linkage. Unlike ubiquitin whose carboxyl-terminal sequence is RGG, the tripeptide at the carboxyl terminus of SUMO is TGG. The presence of the arginine residue at the carboxyl terminus of ubiquitin allows tryptic digestion of ubiquitin conjugates to yield a signature peptide containing a diglycine remnant attached to the target lysine residue and rapid identification of the ubiquitination site by mass spectrometry. The absence of lysine or arginine residues in the carboxyl terminus of mammalian SUMO makes it difficult to apply this approach to mapping sumoylation sites. We performed Arg scanning mutagenesis by systematically substituting amino acid residues surrounding the diglycine motif and found that a SUMO variant terminated with RGG can be conjugated efficiently to its target protein under normal sumoylation conditions. We developed a Programmed Data Acquisition (PDA) mass spectrometric approach to map target sumoylation sites using this SUMO variant. A web-based computational program designed for efficient identification of the modified peptides is described.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

The Modified-Modified Schober Test for range of motion assessment of lumbar flexion in patients with low back pain: a study of criterion validity, intra- and inter-rater reliability and minimum metrically detectable change.

PURPOSE: The objective was to estimate the psychometric properties of the Modified-Modified Schober Test (MMST). DESIGN: This study compared range of motion measurements of lumbar flexion in low back pain (LBP) patients using the MMST with measurements calculated on X-rays as the gold standard, and compared the measurements taken by two independent examiners. METHOD: This study was conducted at the main hospital in the Outaouais area, Quebéc, Canada. Thirty-one subjects with LBP from private and public clinics participated in the study. After a warm-up session, measurements with the MMST were taken in neutral position and an X-ray technician took an exposure in the same position. RESULTS: Pearson's correlation test (r) between measurements made with the MMST and the gold standard, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), minimum metrically detectable change (MMDC) and confidence interval (CI) were used to analyze the data. The MMST demonstrated moderate validity (r=0.67; 95%CI 0.44-0.84), excellent reliability (intra: ICC=0.95; 95%CI 0.89-0.97; inter: ICC=0.91; 95%CI 0.83-0.96) and a MMDC of 1 cm. CONCLUSIONS: In our sample of LBP patients, the MMST showed moderate validity but excellent reliability and MMDC.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of tumour promoters modifies the inhibition of intercellular communication: a modified assay for tumour promotion.

The role of metabolism of tumour promoters on the inhibition of intercellular communication was investigated in a modified V79 metabolic cooperation system. V79 cells, which stably express different rat cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2 or CYP2B1), were used in the metabolic cooperation assay. The inhibitory effect on intercellular communication of four compounds was changed in cells expressing cytochrome P450 enzymes, compared to cells without. The phorbol ester TPA and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate blocked intercellular communication in all the cell lines tested, but expression of CYP1A1 enzyme reduced the inhibitory activity in these cells. Diethylstilbestrol caused inhibition only with cells containing cytochrome P450 enzymes. In contrast, the benzene metabolite hydroquinone inhibited metabolic cooperation preferentially in cells without cytochrome P450 enzymes. The inhibition of metabolic cooperation by another benzene metabolite, phenol, was not affected by the cytochrome P450 enzymes. The inhibitory activity of several chemicals that have not been tested previously was analysed in the new metabolic cooperation assay. The inhibitory activity of none of these chemicals was affected by cytochrome P450-associated metabolism. 7-Octylindolactam V was as potent as TPA, whereas the related indolactam V was 100-fold less active. The carcinogenic aromatic amine 4-aminobiphenyl, but not its primary metabolite 4-hydroxyaminobiphenyl, inhibited metabolic cooperation. Other known carcinogens, ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1 and 4-nitrobiphenyl, did not inhibit metabolic cooperation in either V79 cells expressing or cells not expressing cytochrome P450. We conclude that cytochrome P450-associated metabolism plays an important role in the inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication of some tumour promoters. The modified metabolic cooperation assay presented here is valuable for detecting some inhibitory chemicals which have been 'false negative' in previous assays for gap junctional intercellular communication. The assay also discloses that cytochrome P450 metabolism alters intercellular communication by a mechanism other than metabolism of the exogenous inhibitor.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Alkyl phosphotriester modified oligodeoxyribonucleotides. V. Synthesis and absolute configuration of Rp and Sp diastereomers of an ethyl phosphotriester (Et) modified EcoRI recognition sequence, d[GGAA(Et)TTCC]. A synthetic approach to regio- and stereospecific ethylation-interference studies.

Protected deoxynucleoside 3'-O-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite reagents were prepared for use in the automated synthesis of ethyl phosphotriester (Et) modified oligonucleotides. The title diastereomers were separated by reversed-phase HPLC, and chirality at phosphorus was assigned by an improved configurational correlation scheme that was verified by NMR spectroscopic studies (accompanying paper, Part VI). This generally applicable correlation scheme involved enzymatic digestions of each diastereomer to give the corresponding diastereomer of d[A(Et)T]; phosphite triester sulfurization to obtain diastereomeric O-ethyl phosphorothioates, d[AS(Et)T], which were separated by HPLC for stereoretentive oxidation with H2O2 to give d[A(Et)T], and stereoretentive de-ethylation with PhSH-Et3N to give diastereomeric phosphorothioates, d[AST], whose configurations at phosphorus had been assigned previously. Neither the Rp-Rp nor Sp-Sp duplex, (d[GGAA(Et)TTCC])2, was cleaved by EcoRI endonuclease under conditions that led to cleavage of both the unmodified duplex, [d(GGAATTCC)]2, and the mixture of diastereomeric phosphorothioate-modified duplexes, [d(GGAASTTCC)]2. Cleavage of the latter substrates was Sp-selective.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Structure-anti-leukemic activity relationship study of B- and D-ring modified and non-modified steroidal esters of chlorambucil's active metabolite.

We have studied the effect of modification of the B-steroidal ring to lactamic on the anti-leukemic potency of D-modified and D-non-modified steroidal esters of chlorambucil's active metabolite. The compounds synthesized were studied against leukemias P388 and L1210 after the subsequent estimation of their toxicity in vivo, and for their ability to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and to inhibit cell proliferation in normal human lymphocytes in vitro. The in vitro results correlated well, on a molar basis, with the results obtained from the study of the anti-leukemic potency. In a comparative study, the B-lactamic steroidal derivatives proved less active than the 7-oxidized ones against both leukemias. The presence of the -NHCO- group in the B-steroidal ring did not have the same positive effect on the biological action of chlorambucil's active metabolite esters as in the D-lactamic ring. However, this new modification of the B-ring rendered the final esteric derivatives much more toxic, compared with to the corresponding esters with a simple B-ring. This loss of the anti-leukemic specificity, which occurs from the modification of the B-ring, is additional evidence for the role of the steroidal part on the mechanism of action of these promising compounds. This provides support for the notion that the steroidal part of these molecules is not just a simple biological carrier, as has been speculated for many years.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Rehabilitation of flexor tendon injuries by use of a combined regimen of modified Kleinert and modified Duran techniques.

OBJECTIVE: Kleinert (active extension, rubber-band passive flexion) and Duran (passive extension, passive flexion) protocols are two basic types of early motion programs for rehabilitation of flexor tendon injuries. Researchers have been working on various modifications or combinations of these two protocols to improve rehabilitation results. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of the functional results of flexor tendon repair after a postoperative regimen of early mobilization by use of a combined regimen of modified Kleinert and modified Duran techniques. DESIGN: Thirty-seven patients (74 digits) with repaired flexor tendon injuries were treated. Functional results of the fingers were evaluated by the Buck-Gramcko system and total active motion measurements. RESULTS: The results were excellent in 73% of the fingers, good in 24%, fair in 1.5%, and none was rated poor. CONCLUSION: Our results are comparable with the previous studies that used various postoperative rehabilitation techniques. This postoperative management provides an effective way of achieving satisfactory results. Patient-assisted passive exercises are very safe and more cost effective than therapist-assisted passive exercises.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modifier locus for mitochondrial DNA disease: linkage and linkage disequilibrium mapping of a nuclear modifier gene for maternally inherited deafness.

PURPOSE: To examine the role of the nuclear genome in affecting the phenotypic expression of the simplest model of a mitochondrial DNA disease, maternally transmitted deafness. METHODS: Linkage analysis in families with maternally inherited deafness associated with the homoplasmic A1555G mutation. RESULTS: Significant linkage and linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 8 was identified. CONCLUSIONS: This finding represents the first identification of a modifier locus for a human mitochondrial DNA disease and supports the concept of mitochondrial DNA diseases having complex genetic inheritance. The eventual identification of this modifier gene will provide insights into the pathophysiological pathways determining the clinical expression of mitochondrial DNA diseases, an important step toward diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed2002

PSK, a biological response modifier, modifies p53 expression, mitosis and apoptosis in X-ray irradiated mouse embryos: possible cellular mechanism of the anti-teratogenic effect.

We previously showed that PSK, a biological response modifier, suppressed X-ray irradiation induced ocular anomalies in mouse embryos. In the present study, in mouse embryos irradiated at E7.5, PSK, when administered immediately after irradiation, suppressed mitosis and increased apoptosis as compared with embryos not treated with PSK at 12 hrs after irradiation. In the irradiated embryos, p53, which is normally expressed at a high level in early embryos, increased at 6 hrs and decreased at 12 hrs after irradiation. In the irradiated and PSK-treated embryos, the p53 level did not change at 6 hrs, increased at 12 hrs and decreased at 24 hrs after irradiation. This timing of PSK-induced delayed increase of p53 coincided with that of the PSK-induced decrease in mitosis and increase in apoptosis. These results suggested that PSK modified the p53 level and affected cell proliferation and apoptosis, which might contribute to the suppression of teratogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Longevity of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement and a polyacid-modified resin composite restoring non-carious cervical lesions in a general dental practice.

BACKGROUND: Long-term prospective survival studies of resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) and polyacid-modified resin composites (compomers) placed in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are lacking from general dental practice. Short-term studies have shown an unsatisfactory clinical performance for several materials. METHODS: One practitioner placed 87 compomer (Compoglass, Vivadent-Ivoclar) and 73 encapsulated RMGIC (Fuji II LC, GC Int.) restorations in NCCLs for 61 adults. Compoglass was placed using SCA primer, and Fuji II LC using GC Dentin Conditioner. No cavity preparation was undertaken. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for estimating the cumulative survivals for those restorations that were replaced, with the probability level set at alpha = 0.05 for statistical significance. RESULTS: Restorations were judged unsatisfactory (by the practitioner and the subjects) because of surface and marginal loss of material (68.8 per cent), dislodgement (18.8 per cent) and discoloration (12.4 per cent), these modes being similar for both materials (P = 0.35). Unsatisfactory restorations were replaced in 121 (75.6 per cent) instances. After periods of up to five years, cumulative survival estimates were 14.9 (5.8 Standard Error) per cent for Compoglass and zero per cent for Fuji II LC (P = 0.74). Median survivals were 30 months for Compoglass and 42 months for Fuji II LC. CONCLUSION: Both materials had high long-term unsatisfactory performances when placed in non-prepared NCCLs in a general dental practice.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2002

Modified ESHAP as salvage chemotherapy for recurrent or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of a single-center study of 32 patients. Modified etoposide, methylprednisolone, cytarabine and cisplatin.

BACKGROUND: We have evaluated the clinical efficacy and toxicity of a modified etoposide, methylprednisolone, cytarabine and cisplatin (ESHAP) chemotherapy regimen that has been used by the Hacettepe University Department of Medical Oncology (Ankara, Turkey) since 1993. METHODS: Thirty-two patients (18 men and 14 women) with refractory or recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were treated with this protocol. The median age of the patients was 39 years (range 21-66 years). Patients were hospitalized during therapy. On the first day, 2 g/m(2) cytarabine was given, followed on days 2-5 by 60 mg/m(2) etoposide, 500 mg of methylprednisolone and 25 mg/m(2) cisplatin. After two cycles of chemotherapy, clinical efficacy was assessed by clinical examination, chest radiography, ultrasonography and/or computed tomography. The complications were assessed on the basis of the World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS: Nine patients (28%) had a complete response and 8 patients (25%) had a partial response. In responders, the median duration of remission was 6 months. By the end of the first year, 27% of the patients were still disease free and 66% were alive. High serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase had an adverse effect on disease-free survival, but no effect on overall survival (OS). The only unfavorable prognostic factor for OS was the presence of bulky disease. Neutropenia developed in 59% of patients, and febrile neutropenia developed in 74% of these patients, requiring hospitalization for an average of 8 days. Three patients died of neutropenia-associated sepsis despite broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal treatment. Thrombocytopenia was detected in 10 patients and anemia in 3 patients; among these, 7 patients with thrombocytopenia and 1 patient with anemia required transfusions. CONCLUSIONS: The modified ESHAP regimen induced remission in more than half of the patients with refractory or recurrent NHL. However, the duration of remission was brief. Moreover, significant myelotoxicity was common, and the risk of treatment-related death was 9%.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Effect of modified C-reactive protein on complement activation: a possible complement regulatory role of modified or monomeric C-reactive protein in atherosclerotic lesions.

OBJECTIVE: The capacity of human C-reactive protein (CRP) to activate/regulate complement may be an important characteristic that links CRP and inflammation with atherosclerosis. Recent advances suggest that in addition to classical pentameric CRP, a conformationally distinct isoform of CRP, termed modified or monomeric CRP (mCRP), may also play an active role in atherosclerosis. Although the complement activation behavior of CRP has been well established, the capacity of mCRP to interact with and activate the complement cascade is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: mCRP bound avidly to purified C1q, and this binding occurred primarily through collagen-like region of C1q. Fluid phase mCRP inhibited the activation of complement cascade via engaging C1q from binding with other complement activators. In contrast, when immobilized or bound to oxidized or enzymatically modified low-density lipoprotein, mCRP could activate classical complement pathway. Low-level generation of sC5b-9 indicated that the activation largely bypassed the terminal sequence of complement, which appears to involve recruitment of Factor H. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that mCRP can both inhibit and activate the classical complement pathway by binding C1q, depending on whether it is in fluid phase or surface-bound state.

Atherosclerosis↗
PubMed2006

Interrater reliability of Modified Ashworth Scale and Modified Tardieu Scale in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Resistance to passive movement in children with spastic cerebral palsy was assessed by two raters using the Modified Ashworth Scale and the Modified Tardieu Scale. Four muscle groups in the lower limbs were tested using a standardized procedure. Interrater reliability of the scales was evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient. Seventeen children, with a mean age of 7 years 9 months, were included. Two children were rated twice. The intraclass correlation coefficients of both scales were low and did not reach the acceptable limit of 0.75. Caution should be used when these scales are applied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

An ex vivo evaluation of resin-modified glass polyalkenoates and polyacid-modified composite resins as orthodontic band cements.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this ex vivo study was to assess the use of resin-modified glass polyalkenoates and polyacid-modified composite resins, as orthodontic band cements. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Plain stainless steel bands were cemented to 350 human extracted third molar teeth using 1 of 7 different cements. Following complete cement cure, half of each sample group was exposed to mechanical stress in a ball mill. Stressed and unstressed samples were tested in tension and the stress at which initial cement failure recorded. The mode of failure was recorded using an adhesive remnant evaluation. RESULTS: The mean band retention stresses offered by the cements studied ranged from 0.96 to 1.56 MPa. Fuji Ortho provided the highest mean band retention stress in "stressed" (1.56 MPa) and "unstressed" (1.45 MPa) states. Exposure to mechanical stress did not appear to significantly influence band retention or mode of cement failure for most cements. Fuji Ortho cement recorded the highest Weibull modulus for all cements tested. Virtually all samples failed at either the cement/enamel or cement band interface. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in band displacement stress values and mode of failure were demonstrated between the cements studied. However, generic comparisons were difficult to make.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1978

The modification of the lone tryptophan residue in human serum albumin by 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide. Characterization of the modified protein and the binding of L-tryptophan and benzodiazepines to the tryptophan-modified albumin.

The possible function of the lone tryptophan residue of human serum albumin in the stereospecific binding site for indole and benzodiazepine compounds was investigated by chemical modification. This residue can be selectively modified with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide. The modification alters the conformation of the albumin only slightly, as revealed by circular dichroism, fluorescence, and ultraviolet absorption measurements. A decrease in the association constants of L-tryptophan and diazepam of about 30 - 50% and a decrease in the extrinsic Cotton effects of four benzodiazepine derivatives of about 10 - 15% were found as specific effects of the tryptophan modification. The tryptophan modification itself did not change the number of binding sites of diazepam and L-tryptophan. It is suggested that the lone tryptophan residue of human serum albumin is not directly involved in the specific binding site for indole and benzodiazepine compounds. However, the modification alters the properties of the binding site either by an incomplete refolding of the albumin after urea treatment, or a more selective allosteric effect of the modified tryptophan residue.

2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl Bromide↗
PubMed2006

Modified-release nifedipine: a review of the use of modified-release formulations in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.

Nifedipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist with predominantly vasodilatory activity. Modified-release formulations of nifedipine are effective antihypertensive and antianginal therapies and are generally well tolerated. Among the available formulations, those that produce a gradual increase in plasma nifedipine concentration, which is then sustained over a 24-hour period, are preferred, as they cause a gradual onset of vasodilatation and avoid baroreflex sympathetic activation (for example, nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system [GITS] and a Japanese controlled-release formulation). Modified-release nifedipine had beneficial effects on a number of markers of vascular function, and nifedipine GITS reduced the need for coronary procedures in patients with coronary artery disease. In patients with hypertension, nifedipine GITS and nifedipine retard had beneficial effects on the overall incidence of major cardiovascular events, as did nifedipine retard in patients with concurrent hypertension and coronary artery disease.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of hydroperoxides in liposomes by the modified IDF and the modified tiron methods.

Two new methods, the modified International Dairy Federation and the modified Tiron methods, were developed for the determination of hydroperoxides in liposomes. Interferences of alpha-tocoferol and egg-phosphatidylcholine (EPC) required a solid-phase extraction before the analysis to eliminate alpha-tocoferol and a fluid-fluid extraction based on the solvent triangle of Bligh and Dyer to separate EPC. The developed color, using thiocyanate and Tiron, respectively, as complex-formers for the generated ferri-ions, was measured spectrophotometrically. Both techniques showed good reproducibility and high sensitivity. Peroxide contents of 0.04 and 0.07% (g/g) in EPC samples were easily determined.

1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium ↗