Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “insertion”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

'Bowing' forces with IUD inserters in vitro: relevance to difficult IUD insertions.

The inserter tubes of the more modern copper bearing IUDs are flexible enough to give ('bow') when there is obstruction to the device. The MLCu 250, Copper 7 and Nova T inserters will bow considerably when forces of 1-3 N are exerted and the device obstructed up to 0.75 cm from its proximal end. This suggests that these devices are unlikely to cause cervical damage where their passage into the uterine cavity is impeded by cervical factors, provided the insertion attempt is discontinued when bowing of more than 2 cm off-centre is reached. However this does not apply to obstructions past the internal cervical os. In research circumstances great care should be used as it rapidly becomes possible to exert enough force to produce damage to the uterine muscle.

Equipment Failure↗
PubMed1984

[Velamentous insertion--epidemiology and clinical aspects of the pathological insertion of the umbilical cord].

Among 9460 birth an incidence of 1.6% of velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord is recorded and the clinical relevance of this anomaly is examined. Apart from statistical confirmation of well-known connections between membranous insertion of the umbilical cord on the one hand, and malformations, multiple pregnancies and bleeding sub partu on the other hand, the present investigation is mainly concerned with premature births and/or placental insufficiency in the case of velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord, which is associated with "late premature births" in the 35th, 36th and 37th week of pregnancy as characteristic finding.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The study of insertion sequence on IS2. I. Polarity and inserted direction of IS2].

By using flj B, flj A selecting system, we investigated the effects of the insertion of IS2 into certain genes and found that IS2 could be inserted into the gene from either the left side or the right side resulting in the loss of its activity and inhibition of the next gene's expression within the same transcription. The polarities were different when IS2 was inserted from the left side or the right side. The results from the artificial testing system were the same as those obtained from the natural state.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1993

Activation of both Wnt-1 and Fgf-3 by insertion of mouse mammary tumor virus downstream in the reverse orientation: a reappraisal of the enhancer insertion model.

In retrovirus-induced tumors, proviral DNA is commonly found next to or within a cellular proto-oncogene such that transcription of the gene is influenced by the viral promoter or enhancer. Extensive surveys of naturally occurring tumors reveal that proviruses integrated on the 3' side of the gene are usually in the same transcriptional orientation, suggesting a model in which the bidirectional viral enhancer acts primarily on the closest promoters. Here we describe a virally induced mammary tumor that appears to contradict these ideas since the Wnt-1/int-1 and Fgf-3/int-2 proto-oncogenes have both been activated by mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) DNA integrated 3' of the gene in the opposite transcriptional orientation. However, by cloning the relevant DNAs, we show that these are not simple proviral insertions. In the Wnt-1 locus, there is an additional LTR immediately adjacent to the 3' end of the MMTV provirus, while in Fgf-3, the provirus has sustained a deletion that removes the 5' LTR, gag, and most of pol. These structural alterations can be reconciled with the enhancer insertion model by postulating that the viral enhancer can only function if it is not transcribed.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Site-directed insertion and insertion-deletion mutations in the Escherichia coli chromosome simplified.

A procedure to produce an exact chromosomal replica of an insertion or insertion-deletion mutation produced in vitro in a plasmid with a ColE 1 origin of replication is presented. This procedure uses a previously described property of recD mutations (Biek DP, Cohen SN. J. Bacteriol. 1986;167:594-603) and is limited by (1) the compatibility of the new mutation with recD; and (2) the presence of some Escherichia coli DNA flanking the mutation.

Chromosomes, Bacterial↗
PubMed1993

Single-copy T-DNA insertions in Arabidopsis are the predominant form of integration in root-derived transgenics, whereas multiple insertions are found in leaf discs.

Different patterns of T-DNA integration in Arabidopsis were obtained that depended on whether a root or a leaf-disc transformation method was used. An examination of 82 individual transgenic Arabidopsis plants, derived from 15 independent Agrobacterium-mediated transformations in which different cointegrate and binary constructs were used, indicated that the transformation method had a significant influence on the type and copy number of T-DNA integration events. Southern hybridizations showed that most of the transgenic plants produced by a leaf-disc method contained multiple T-DNA insertions (89%), the majority of which were organized as right-border inverted repeat structures (58%). In contrast, a root transformation method mostly resulted in single T-DNA insertions (64%), with fewer right-border inverted repeats (38%). The transformation vectors, including cointegrate and binary types, and the plant selectable markers, hygromycin phosphotransferase and dihydrofolate reductase, did not appear to influence the T-DNA integration patterns.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed1987

Escherichia coli integration host factor binds specifically to the ends of the insertion sequence IS1 and to its major insertion hot-spot in pBR322.

We report here that the ends of IS1 are bound and protected in vitro by the heterodimeric protein integration host factor (IHF). Under identical conditions, RNA polymerase binds to one of these ends (IRL) and protects a region that includes the sequences protected by IHF. Other potential sites within IS1, identified by their homology to the apparent consensus sequence, are not protected. Footprinting analysis of deletion derivatives of the ends demonstrates a correspondence between the ability of the end sequence to bind IHF and its ability to function as an end in transposition. Nonetheless, some transposition occurs in IHF- cells, indicating that IHF is not an essential component of the transposition apparatus. IHF also binds and protects four closely spaced regions within the major hot-spot for insertion of IS1 in the plasmid pBR322. This striking correlation of hot-spot and IHF-binding sites suggests a possible role for IHF in IS1 insertion specificity.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1987

Lorist2, a cosmid with transcriptional terminators insulating vector genes from interference by promoters within the insert: effect on DNA yield and cloned insert frequency.

Transcription terminators have been included in a phage-lambda-replicon-based cosmid vector, Lorist2, to insulate vector genes against transcriptional interference from cloned insert DNA. DNA yields of recombinant clones containing Escherichia coli genomic DNA inserts are more even for Lorist2 than with its progenitor LoristB. However, the terminators provide only a partial reduction in the over-representation of r X DNA-containing clones generally observed in cosmid libraries of Caenorhabditis elegans DNA, suggesting that causes other than transcriptional readthrough into the vector contribute to this problem.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Insertion of IS4 into the tnpA gene of Tn3: sequencing of the insertion site.

Plasmid pMM237 lacks the deletion-forming activity associated with its Tn3 transposase-encoding gene (mpA) [Morita et al., J. Biochem. 101 (1987) 1253-1264]. Analysis of the plasmid DNA showed that pMM237 was generated by insertion of IS4 into the tnpA gene of the original plasmid pMM234. The insertion was accompanied by a direct 12-bp duplication at the target site. The nucleotide sequence around the target site shared only some of the characteristics of previously reported IS4 target sites [Habermann et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 175 (1979) 369-373; Klaer et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 181 (1981) 169-175; Georgopoulos et al., Gene 20 (1982) 83-90; Mayaux et al., Gene 30 (1984) 137-146].

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1999

The spatial localization of T-DNA insertions in petunia interphase nuclei: consequences for chromosome organization and transgene insertion sites.

In an earlier fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) study on petunia (ten Hoopen et al. 1996), we found a considerable discrepancy between the genetic map and the physical map with respect to T-DNA insertions on metaphase chromosomes. For some transgenes we found a preference to integrate near the telomeres. Here, we studied the spatial position of transgenes in interphase nuclei by FISH and 3D-confocal microscopy to elucidate a possible structural preference for the nuclear localization of transgenes. Three transgenes located near telomeres on three different metaphase chromosomes showed a much more internal distribution in interphase root meristem than the telomeres, whereas a proximal transgene appeared to be distributed in a random fashion. The results point to local differences in chromatin compacting along a chromosome. These differences might explain a preference for T-DNA insertion in distal regions of the chromosome.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed2000

Simultaneous avulsion fracture of the insertion of the ulnar and radial collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb.

We present a case of simultaneous avulsion fracture of the insertion on the volar base of the proximal phalanx of the ulnar and radial collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. To our knowledge this combination has never been published before. The mechanism of this injury is not clearly understood. (c) 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd Copyright 2000 The British Association of Plastic Surgeons DOI: 10.1054/bjps.1999.3227.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Integration of Shaker-type K+ channel, KAT1, into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane: synergistic insertion of voltage-sensing segments, S3-S4, and independent insertion of pore-forming segments, S5-P-S6.

KAT1 is a member of the Shaker family of voltage-dependent K(+) channels, which has six transmembrane segments (called S1-S6), including an amphipathic S4 with several positively charged residues and a hydrophobic pore-forming region (called P) between S5 and S6. In this study, we systematically evaluated the function of individual and combined transmembrane segments of KAT1 to direct the final topology in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane by in vitro translation and translocation experiments. The assay with single-transmembrane constructs showed that S1 possesses the type II signal-anchor function, whereas S2 has the stop-transfer function. The properties fit well with the results derived from combined insertion of S1 and S2. S3 and S4 failed to integrate into the membrane by themselves. The inserted glycosylation sequence at the S3-S4 loop neither prevented the translocation of S3 and S4 nor impaired the function of voltage-dependent K(+) transport regardless of the changed length of the S3-S4 loop. S3 and S4 are likely to be posttranslationally integrated into the membrane only when somewhat specific interaction occurs between them. S5 had the ability of translocation reinitiation, and S6 had a strong preference for N(exo)/C(cyt) orientation. The pore region resided outside because of its lack of its transmembrane-spanning property. According to their own topogenic function, combined constructs of S5-P-S6 conferred the membrane-pore-membrane topology. This finding supports the notion that a set of S5-P-S6 can be independently integrated into the membrane. The results in this study provide the fundamental topogenesis mechanism of transmembrane segments involving voltage sensor and pore region in KAT1.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Central venous pressure measurements: peripherally inserted catheters versus centrally inserted catheters.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether central venous pressure measurements taken from a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) correlate with those from a centrally inserted central catheter (CICC). DESIGN: A pilot bench study followed by a prospective, non-blinded, clinical comparison. SETTING: A 16-bed medical coronary intensive care unit and a 30-bed surgical intensive care unit at a university hospital. PATIENTS: Seven surgical intensive care unit patients and five medical coronary intensive care unit patients. INTERVENTIONS: During the bench study, a simple manometer system was set up to test the catheters. During the clinical study, measurements of central venous pressure were recorded from patients who had an indwelling CICC and PICC concomitantly. Positions of the catheter tips in the chest were verified by radiography. Paired central venous pressure measurements were taken from 19-gauge dual-lumen PICCs and from 7-Fr, 16-gauge, 18-gauge, and pulmonary artery catheter CICCs, all with continuous pressure infusion devices. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Bench work showed that PICCs, because of their longer length and narrower lumen, have a higher inherent resistance, which can be overcome with a continuous infusion device. During the clinical study, three to 12 paired, digital, central venous pressure measurements were recorded from each of 12 patients for a total of 77 data pairs. Measurements were recorded at end-expiration. Mean central venous pressure from the CICCs was 11 + 7 mm Hg, and from the PICCs was 12 + 7 mm Hg. PICC pressure versus CICC pressure correlated (r = 0.99) for all data pairs. Analysis by repeated measures showed PICC central venous pressure more than CICC central venous pressure by 1.0 + 3.2 mm Hg (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: PICCs can be used to measure central venous pressure and to follow trends in a clinical setting when used with a pressure infusion device to overcome the natural resistance of the PICC. Central venous pressure recorded via PICCs is slightly higher, but the difference is clinically insignificant.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Posture and epidural catheter insertion. The relationship between skill, experience and maternal posture on the outcome of epidural catheter insertion.

This study was undertaken to investigate the outcome of epidural catheter insertion in the sitting or lateral position in mothers during labour. An initial prospective randomised study period (144 patients) suggested that the sitting position offered some superiority over the lateral in terms of technical ease of insertion. It was concluded, by minimising the subjective aspects in a follow-up, prospective nonrandomised study period (152 patients), that the determining factor lies in the skill and experience of the anaesthetist. There was no significant difference in complication rates or maternal discomfort between the two positions in either study period.

Analgesia, Epidural↗
PubMed2003

A case of anterior interosseous nerve syndrome after peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line insertion.

Palsies involving the anterior interosseous nerve comprise less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Patients often present initially with acute pain in the proximal forearm, lasting several hours to days. The pain subsides, to be followed by paresis or total paralysis of the pronator quadratus, flexor pollicis longus and the radial half of the flexor profundus, either individually or together. Patients with a complete lesion will have a characteristic pinch deformity. We report a case of anterior interosseous syndrome in a 42-year-old male. The patient was admitted initially for chronic osteomyelitis of the left calcaneum. He had a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line inserted into a brachial vein for the administration of intravenous antibiotics, and developed anterior interosseous nerve palsy as a complication of this procedure. The catheter was subsequently removed and a new line was placed on the other side, and his neurological deficit has been improving since. This case highlights the potential hazards of venupuncture or arterial puncture of the brachial vein or artery respectively, even under controlled conditions with the benefit of ultrasound guidance. It also serves as a reminder to look out for the complications of these common procedures, and to be able to react appropriately when they arise.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Inserting and maintaining peripherally inserted central catheters.

Peripherally inserted central catheters are a type of vascular access device that has many advantages for patients with longer-term and special infusion needs. Increasingly common in home and hospital settings, nurses should know how to insert, maintain, and educate patients and families about these devices. One hospital's experiences implementing a model program is described.

Bandages↗
PubMed1990

Mini-Tn5 transposon derivatives for insertion mutagenesis, promoter probing, and chromosomal insertion of cloned DNA in gram-negative eubacteria.

A collection of Tn5-derived minitransposons has been constructed that simplifies substantially the generation of insertion mutants, in vivo fusions with reporter genes, and the introduction of foreign DNA fragments into the chromosome of a variety of gram-negative bacteria, including the enteric bacteria and typical soil bacteria like Pseudomonas species. The minitransposons consist of genes specifying resistance to kanamycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin-spectinomycin, and tetracycline as selection markers and a unique NotI cloning site flanked by 19-base-pair terminal repeat sequences of Tn5. Further derivatives also contain lacZ, phoA, luxAB, or xylE genes devoid of their native promoters located next to the terminal repeats in an orientation that affords the generation of gene-operon fusions. The transposons are located on a R6K-based suicide delivery plasmid that provides the IS50R transposase tnp gene in cis but external to the mobile element and whose conjugal transfer to recipients is mediated by RP4 mobilization functions in the donor.

Chromosomes, Bacterial↗
PubMed1979

Familial, balanced insertional translocation of chromosome 7 leading to offspring with deletion and duplication of the inserted segment, 7p15 leads to 7p21.

We report an uncle and niece with duplication and deletion, respectively, of segment 7p15 leads to 7p21 originating from a balanced, intrachromosomal insertion in their mothers. The proposita had prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, retarded psychomotor development, microcephaly, wide cranial sutures, ocular hypertelorism, small palpebral fissures, apparently low-set and malformed ears, cleft palate, congenital heart defect, hypoplasia of the distal phalanx of first fingers, rocker-bottom feet, persistent cloaca, and imperforate anus. She died at three months. Her maternal uncle has duplication of this segment and is alive at 32 years. He has severe mental deficiency, but normal growth; communicating hydrocephalus was diagnosed at three months.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗